PHL 111 Module Seven Study Guide: Inductive Arguments
Course: Introduction to Criminal Justice
1. “Most Republicans support legal abortion. McCain is a Republican. Therefore, McCain
likely supports legal abortion.” Identify the problem with this argument.
a. Premise 2 is false
b. Premise 1 is false
c. The conclusion does not follow
Answer: B- Premise 1 is false
2. Which of the following words or phrases does NOT likely indicate an analogy?
a. Percent
b. Just as
c. Similarly
d. Compared to
Answer: A- Percent
3. “Every morning the rooster crows and then the sun comes up. The rooster has a
powerful effect on the day!” What is wrong with this analysis?
a. Slippery slope fallacy
b. Fallacy of questionable cause
c. False dichotomy fallacy
d. Fallacy of false analogy
Answer: B- Fallacy of questionable cause
4. When two accounts occur together at rates higher than probability, the relationship is
called a(n) _____
Answer: Correlation
5. What is key for a solid premise?
a. Credible evidence
b. Majority support
c. Strength of conviction
Answer: A- Credible evidence
6. An _____ is based on a comparison between two or more things or events.
Answer: Analogy
7. “Josiah is extremely depressed. I think this is the cause of his other health problems,
including severe headaches.” Is this a clear cause/effect relationship?
a. Yes
b. No
Answer: No
Reasoning is that the health problems may be causing the depression
8. “Strangely, people who are taller tend to score higher on standardized tests.” What is
the relationship between these two variables?
a. Causation
b. Correlation
Answer: Correlation
