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IT 640 Final Project
SNHU
Executive Summary
The present network architecture of SNHUEnergy Inc. has been assessed so
that its communication model can be expanded. The business undertaking is a
medium-sized oil and gas concern that has been performing decently. In order to
strengthen its presence, activities and performance, its communication model must be
enhanced. The project analysis plan for SNHUEnergy Inc. has been presented so that
the communication architecture can be improved.
Current Network Architecture
Identification of the current network application
In the present times, SNHUEnergy Inc.’s main headquarters use Human
Resources (HR), emails, accounting and payroll as the network applications. The
Memphis office uses billing and operations as the network applications. Both of these
office locations even make the use of video conferencing services and VoIP phone
system in order to communicate in the business context. The existing network
application of SNHUEnergy Inc. plays a vital role as it offers a wide range of
services that enhance the level of connectivity such as the high level of reliability,
control over information flow and support relating to control-oriented data streaming
(SNHUEnergy, 2019). The role of the transportation layer in the current network
application of the business concern is of paramount importance as it is responsible to
deliver business data to the concerned application processes that exist on the host
computer systems (Probert et al., 2018).
Labelling of the components with suitable OSI network layer
Each and every component of the network interface of SNHUEnergy Inc. can
be linked with a layer of the OSI network. The main components of the network
include the router, switches, firewalls, personal computers (PCs), servers, applications
and work stations. The appropriate OSI network layer for the switch component
includes data link (the second layer). The appropriate OSI network layer for the
router component is the network layer (the third layer). The role of the network layer
is of paramount importance as it would play a vital role to manage the entire
network and manage the flow of the packets (SNHUEnergy, 2019). The firewall
component can be labelled with the Transport layer of the OSI network. It would
play a major role to strengthen the mode of communication between the devices that
exist in the network. The suitable OSI network layer for the Personal Computer
component is the seventh layer.
Description of the components
Routers can be defined as the small electronic equipment that helps to join a
number of computer networks with one another by using wired or wireless
connectivity options. These devices have a processor known as CPU, varying kinds of
digital memory and input-output interfaces. It is a vital networking device which is
responsible to forward data packets between computers.
Switches are primarily responsible to receive a set of information from a
source from a source that is connected to it. It is also responsible to dispatch the
same information to the specified destination. The network switch can be termed as
the main component that binds the entire computer communication model. It
maintains a list of devices that are connected to it.
The firewall can be defined as the gatekeeper that exists between a ‘private
network’ and the rest of the components. It plays a vital role to ascertain what is
accessible in the private network from the external setting. Firewalls can exist in
various forms but their role is extremely critical to conduct the critical examination
of the network packets.
Network assessment
The poor quality of the connectivity that exists between the Dallas router and
the Memphis router adversely affects the entire business and the way in which its
established connection with its users. Due to the poor network connectivity that exists
in the current times, SNHUEnergy Inc.’s wealth-generating capacity also gets
adversely impacted. The various network applications that are impacted in the process
include the video conferencing, human resources, accounting and payroll and email.
When the router of the business gets unresponsive, the users are forced to
wait for the speed so that they can resume the work relating to any file transfer,
application use or the download of attachments. As there is just a single router in the
Memphis office, the business is exposed to a significant level of technical risk. The
role of the firewall in the business context is of prime importance as it helps to
check the traffic on the network.
Summary – Project Requirement and Deliverables
In order to strengthen the communication approach of the business,
SNHUEnergy Inc. must use the Transmission Communication Protocol/ Internet
Protocol (TCP/IP). It would help the business to strengthen the quality of connectivity
between two regions. It could be included with the WAN connectivity (WhatIs.com,
2019). The better quality of connectivity would mean that the business would have an
improved and more secure communication network (WhatIs.com, 2019). The security
aspect of the network must be critically taken into consideration before connecting
two different sites so that the digital data and the overall communication model could
be safeguarded thoroughly.
A high-level overview of SNHUEnergy network architecture has been
presented here. The various kinds of physical network devices that are used in the
organizational setting for the purpose of connecting all the devices across the entity
have been captured (Greenberg et al., 2016). The thorough evaluation of the traffic
patterns has been carried out to capture the critical elements of the business
undertaking. The potential performance concerns and security concerns that might
arise in the present network of the business undertaking have been presented here.
The changes in the network architecture would help SNHUEnergy to strengthen and
simplify its business activities.
Types of physical network devices
In a network, there exist a number of network devices which connect all the
equipment and devices in the wide organizational setting. The main network devices
that make it possible for SNHUEnergy to operate in the dynamic market setting
include hubs, routers, switches, servers and firewall. Each of these devices performs
their respective functions which enhance the technical aspects of the organization. zz zz
➢ Personal Computers – It is the main device that is used by the clients of any
server to access any information and execute an application that has been
provided by the server.
➢ Hubs – They exist at the very end of the networking food chain. Their utility
is extremely important in the case of SNHUEnergy as they can be joined
together for the purpose of creating larger networks. These simple instruments
direct data packets to all the devices that have been connected to the hub
(Networking Devices, 2019, p 2).
➢ Routers – In the network of the organization, the routers are used to create
larger networks. They are able to conduct this function by combining or
joining 2 network segments. A router is able to route the data that it receives
from one network to another network. After the networking device has
received a packet of data, it goes through the header of the packet in order to
ascertain the destination address. Once this is done, it looks into its routing
table to comprehend how to reach the destination address (Networking
Devices, 2019, p 8).
➢ Switches – These are the connectivity points which establish the link with the
Ethernet network. This networking device basically forwards the data to the
specific connection that is supposed to receive it. Its role is of paramount
importance to strengthen the overall network performance. It establishes a
direct path between 2 network devices and manages their communication
(Networking Devices, 2019, p 3).
➢ Servers – It is an indispensable device of the network as it offers service to
the client. The computer program is responsible to process client request and
deliver the requisite data to the client over the network connection (What is
server, 2019).
➢ Firewalls – This networking device manages and controls the overall access to
the organizational network. In the case of SNHUEnergy, the objective of the
firewall is to safeguard the organizational data and digital resources from any
kind of external threat. These network elements are basically placed at the
entry or exit point of the firm’s network (Networking Devices, 2019, p 5 ).
These are the basic network devices that make it possible for a network to
effectively function and act as a medium to share data and information. In the case
of the SNHUEnergy organization, these network devices play a key role to give
shape and structure to the network of the business undertaking.
Traffic pattern currently used in SNHUEnergy and Patterns across the
Infrastructure
All business organization s including SNHUEnergy wish their network to
function in a smooth and effective manner. But in the practical setting, the smooth
functioning of a network is not a key. This is due to the involvement of a wide
range of variables that can influence the ultimate network performance. As per the
Traffic Flow Wireshark Capture, the IP address 10.0.6.73 sends data to the IP address
10.1.6.7 and vice versa. The Transport Control Protocol (TCP) is used for this
purpose. The protocol titled ‘MySQL’ exists between the two IP addresses. It
showcases that on one side the data that was created with the help of the program is
edited and it is sent to the other side for the purpose of review and making
alterations. After the same is done, it is again sent back (IT 640 Traffic Flow
Wireshark Capture, 2019). The communication that takes place within the organization
via Transport Control Protocol includes the core applications that are used in the
organizational setting like emails. The same situation can be observed between other
IP addresses as well including 10.0.8.73 and 10.0.8.42 (IT 640 Traffic Flow
Wireshark Capture, 2019).
The kind of interaction that takes place between the IP addresses
67.16.104.172 and 10.0.6.73 is made via the Real Time Protocol (RTP). It primarily
uses the VoIP phone system as well as Video Conferencing to enhance the
communication of SNHUEnergy. The IP address 127.0.0.1 which uses the TCP
protocol is the same in the source as well as the destination (Paszke et al., 2016).
This is a unique case which generally does not take place. Such behavior could lead
to the creation of a network loop in the network of the organization. In this specific
case, when the switch receives any broadcast from the network device, it will be
forwarded to other ports. Since in the case of 127.0.0.1, the source and the
destination are one and the same, the network device will get the very same
broadcast as it will presume that it is a new broadcast and it will forward it to other
ports causing a network loop. It can adversely affect the performance of the network
of the entity (Rost et al., 2016). This is because there will arise communication
challenges in the network. In order to optimally manage the patterns of traffic that
exist in the organizational setting, SNHUEnergy needs to have in place a robust VoIP
Phone Services and Video Conferencing so that it can have a better control over the
high volume of network traffic.
The traffic patterns of the entity need to shed light on both the ends of the
network of the organization including the Memphis office as well as the Dallas
office. In the Dallas office, the servers that are mainly responsible for the payroll and
accounting, human resource function and emails send information to the switch via
their ports. It is then transmitted to the PCs of the clients that use the Dallas
network. It is also sent through the router so that it can be accessed in the Memphis
office. The exact same process is conducted when the billing and operations activities
are conducted at the Memphis office. Due to the interconnectedness of the work
processes of the SNHUEnergy offices, it is extremely important for both the ends to
have suitable devices and applications so that the information flow and traffic
management can be simplified (Rost et al., 2016). Thus the pattern of traffic that
exists in the current network of the business concern needs to be managed in a better
way so that the performance can be improved to a significant extent. Similarly, there
is the scope to bring about constructive changes in the level of connectivity across
the offices so that the patterns that exist across the infrastructure of SNHUEnergy can
be strengthened.
Potential Performance Issues in the current network
The existing pattern that is exhibited in the SNHUEnergy organization
increases the gap between the Dallas office and the Memphis office. The connectivity
is weak which has a major implication on the overall performance of the business
undertaking in the dynamic market setting. zz The increase in the total number of users
on the organizational network would naturally mean that the network has more traffic
(Greenberg et al., 2016). This could lead to a slowdown, affected network
performance, outrage and loss of data in the worst cases. As the business undertaking
intends to expand the business operations and grow in the dynamic market setting, it
needs to carefully design the network architecture where all the network devices can
optimally function and manage the rising traffic. The hardware and software
components of the business undertaking need to be constantly upgraded so that the
vulnerabilities of the business can be kept under a thorough check. In the digitalized
era, the business must focus on simplifying and streamlining the overall connectivity
between its offices that are located in different locations. Such an approach would
have a direct impact on its performance (Paszke et al., 2016). An improved level of
connectivity and interaction would mean that the flow of information and data
available the network would be aligned and it would in turn positively impact the
performance of the business concern. All the functions that are conducted in the
offices could be streamlined including the human resource activities, accounting and
payroll, and operations. There is scope for the business entity to enhance the network
architecture and thus address the existing performance issues that starter it at its face.
Potential Security Issues in the current network
In the existing network model of SNHUEnergy, there arise a number of
security issues. These elements arise due to the poor quality of the communication
design and the ineffective connectivity that exists between the operational offices of
the entity. At present, the network traffic of the concern is increasing and it could
further expand with the growth of the business. Irrespective of the size of the
business entity, it must take the security aspect very seriously as it could have a
major impact on the business activities as well as the performance of the
organization. The security management can be strengthened so that threats from the
external parties such as cyber attackers and cyber hackers. The major functions and
activities that are conducted in the business network relating to HR function,
accounting and payroll and operations need to be safeguarded so that the
confidentiality aspect can be strengthened in the best way possible.
For the purpose of adopting a holistic security model at the business level, the
business undertaking needs to train its organizational personnel so that they can be
empowered to identify potential threats and risks in the dynamic organizational
setting. At present, there is the scope before SNHUEnergy to enhance its security
model so that the quality of the connectivity between the offices can be improved in
the process. The most innovative and appropriate technology-oriented resources need
to be used so that the business can grow in a safe and secure manner. Such an
approach will be crucial to help the firm enhance the safety aspect of the
environment in which it functions
Future Network Architecture
SNHUEnergy Inc.is a medium-sized oil and gas business undertaking that
intends to grow and expand its business activities. In order to achieve the
organizational objective, it is trying to strengthen its communication infrastructure.
Since the business wants to grow from being a solely exploration-based business to a
firm that provides the transportation and refinement of its discoveries, it is extremely
vital for it to take care of the growing communication needs. With the expansion of
the scope of the business activities, the future communication needs of the business
entity will significantly change.
The current communication network of the business undertaking is not strong
enough to effectively manage the growing communication needs of the firm with its
Dallas office and Memphis office. The future communication needs and requirements
of SNHUEnergy Inc. have been highlighted here. Based on the information, a suitable
Network Architecture has been designed which would help the undertaking to
strengthen the communication model across the entire organization.
Summary of the future communication needs at SNHUEnergy Inc.
In the digitalized era, each and every business undertaking has to be on its
toes so that it can effectively manage the business activities in a synchronized
manner. The case is no different for SNHUEnergy Inc. which operates in the oil and
gas industrial setting. As the business plans to grow its activities, it has to carefully
take into account the communication and connectivity needs so that its Dallas office
and Memphis office can operate in an aligned manner. Currently, it has 120
employees that work all across the business entity, this number is likely to expand by
50 % every year for the next couple of years due to its expansion plans (Use of
Technology, 2019). As the firm plans to introduce three additional offices in Kansas
City and Houston, it would have to make sure that there exists a smooth and direct
communication network between the organizational personnel and the business
customers (Use of Technology, 2019). It would ensure that the business can grow
and create value for itself as well as its key stakeholders. SNHUEnergy Inc. would
have to make the optimum use of technology and innovation in order to accelerate
the flow of information among its relevant parties.
SNHUEnergy Inc. would have to carefully design the communication network
so that the chances of network issues and network crashes could be avoided at all
cost. It would ensure that a robust connectivity exists among the expanding offices of
the business undertaking. Similarly, it would have to carefully design the network
topology which basically deals with the arrangement of different elements such as
nodes and links of any network interconnection (Pandya, 2013). As the business
would expand its business processes, the role of network topology would increase.
Effective and highly functional network topography would be a fundamental necessity
for the business which could aid the communication and connectivity model of
SNHUEnergy Inc. It would streamline and strengthen the way data and information
would flow from the business servers to the end users.
As the network infrastructure of the business consists of only a single
building, its degree of connectivity is restricted to a certain extent. In the future when
the business expands its operational activities, it would have to introduce new
wireless access points so that the quality if the interconnectedness among its offices
could be strengthened in the process. With the increase in the total number of
offices, the traffic volume would automatically increase (IT 640 Final Project
Scenario, 2019). So the SNHUEnergy Inc. organization would have to make sure that
suitable network architecture can be introduced which shall not only upgrade the
network connectivity but also the management of the traffic patterns by the business
undertaking. It would help all the members and departments of the oil and gas
business undertaking such as oil field monitoring team, the pipeline monitoring
members, gas stations and refineries to communicate wand synchronize their
operational strategic approach.
Thus there is the need for SNHUEnergy Inc. to take into account the growing
communication needs that would arise in the future due to its expansion plan. In
order to make sure that its designed network allows it to effectively connect and
communicate with the key stakeholder including the internal stakeholder and the
external stakeholders, suitable network architecture has been recommended which
could improve the overall communication across the business undertaking.
Appropriate Network Architecture
As the SNHUEnergy firm intends to expand the operational activities by
providing transportation and refinement of its oil and gas discoveries, there is the
need to design effective and highly functional network architecture. The role of the
new network architecture would be of paramount significance as it would enable
better connectivity and communication across the Dallas office and Memphis office
and the new offices that it plans to open in in Kansas City and Houston (IT 640
Final Project Scenario, 2019).
While designing the appropriate network architecture that could simplify and
strengthen the communication at SNHUEnergy Inc., some of the most vital aspects
that must be taken into consideration are reliability and security of the network
model, effective control over the operational costs of the business undertaking and the
need for simple installation processes (Techopedia, 2019). The remote network
monitoring must be introduced as it would enable the proper and critical monitoring
of the network operational processes and activities. Its role would be critical for
assisting the network assistants at the company to efficiently manage and control the
network infrastructure (Kim, 2009). It would enhance the reliability and security of
the network architecture. In order to control the operational costs of the business
undertaking in an efficacious manner, it would have to carry out regular maintenance
work. Such an approach would be extremely critical as it would not only eliminate
the connectivity barriers, but it would also make sure that no unauthorized party can
gain access into the network of SNHUEnergy Inc. organization.
Ultimately, SNHUEnergy Inc. must make sure that the network architecture
that is introduced in the business context will involve little installation costs and
complexities. As the firm intends to grow the business activities and expand its total
number of offices, the safest bet for it is to opt for Wide local area network
(WLAN) method. This distribution technique would enable the oil and gas business
undertaking to make the optimum use of the high-frequency radio waves so that it
could maintain a proper network connection (Techopedia, 2019). The SNHUEnergy
Inc firm must make sure that this approach would help the business to properly
communicate in the highly technical and intense oil and gas industrial setting. The
proper implementation of WLAN by the firm would help it effectively control and
manage the overall costs relating to the installation and implementation process.
In addition to these elements, the firm must make sure that the network infrastructure
is robust and sustainable enough to enhance the level of connectivity within the entire
SNHUEnergy Inc. entity. So a powerful, functional and effective Ethernet
infrastructure needs to be introduced which can help the oil and gas firm to
communicate in the sever environmental setting (Rojas & Morell, 2010). By
incorporating this feature in the network infrastructure of the oil and gas firm, the
remote accessibility in the harsh setting could be strengthened and the overall
manageability could be upgraded.
Visual Representation of network architecture
The visual representation of the recommended network architecture for the
SNHUEnergy Inc. entity has been presented. It would help to get a proper idea about
the intricate features of the new network. It would also shed light on how the
recommended network architecture and its unique attributes would play a vital role to
strengthen the level of connectivity and communication in the entire business
undertaking. The presence of the WLAN distribution model would make sure that the
relevant data and information can effectively flow. The wireless communication
technique would help the firm to interlink its devices while maintaining a robust
network connection
Planning and Security
Planning for network security is one of the most integral necessities that can
help SNHUEnergy to expand its business activities and carry out the processes in a
safe and secure manner. The focus is on the planning and security concerns so that
the performance security issues can be effectively addressed in the dynamic and
uncertain business context.
Suitable recommendations have been designed so that the major security
challenges that could arise in the new network of SNHUEnergy could be properly
mitigated. The main elements that have been presented here include the suitable
network management tools that could be introduced to strengthen the effectiveness of
the network, the kinds of security instruments that would have to be installed and the
changes that would have to be made to the existing devices of the oil and gas
organization. Ultimately, the various kinds of risks and challenges that would arise
by implementing the new network have been captured here. The objective is to
properly address and mitigate the performance issues that could arise before the
business entity.
Network Management Tools zz
According to technological experts, every business undertaking needs to keep in
place robust and effective network security tools so that the business activities and
organizational communication be carried out without any threat (Network Security
Tools, 2019, p 2). Some of the most common network security tools that are used by
business undertakings to have an edge against cyberattacks and hackers are ethereal,
Nmap and Nessus. The ethereal tool helps to determine what exists in the network,
the Nmap tool helps to determine which ports are open and the Nessus device helps
to look for and identify vulnerabilities that could arise on the network of a business
entity (Banerjee, Lee & Choo, 2018). zz
For the SNHUEnergy business entity, some of the most useful network
management tools that could be introduced to strengthen the network security have
been highlighted below.
Instruction Detection Systems –
These tools would play a critical role to strengthen the application security
practices of the entity. It would basically mitigate the attacks and threats that could
arise on the business network (Intrusion Detection And Intrusion Prevention, 2019).
Both the reactive and proactive security measure could be introduced to secure the
network in a holistic manner. The reactive model would fundamentally weed out
malware and manipulations that could compromise sensitive data. The proactive model
would basically use a robust intrusion prevention technique in order to block potential
attacks on the system (Singh, 2019, p 5).
Snort open Source IDS –
This open source intrusion detection system would help SNHUEnergy to
perform thorough traffic assessment. It would help to detect any kind of attack that
could take place in the network of the organization (Singh, 2019, p 6).
Anti-Malware –
This software program could be introduced in the entity as it is designed to
prevent, identify and eliminate any kind of malicious software that might exist on the
Information Technology system. This network security tool would basically protect the
business against injections that could arise due to malware, viruses and other
threatening components.
Robust security Devices
The key security devices that could be introduced to strengthen and secure the
network of SNHUEnergy include firewall and vulnerability scanners. The firewall can
be said to be the ultimate protector which would be an indispensable security element
(Howlett, 2004). This security appliance would fundamentally attach to the business
network and offer end-to-end security starting from the network foundation to the
remote computer system that is accessing client information (Howlett, 2004). The five
kinds of firewalls that the business undertaking could choose from in 0order to
strengthen the network security are packet filtering firewalls, circuit-level gateways,
application-level gateways, stateful inspection firewalls and next-gen firewalls.
Another vital security device that could be used by the SNHUEnergy
organization is vulnerability scanners. The role of this security device would be of
paramount importance as it would proactively carry out the vulnerability assessment
to capture security holes in the network (Bau et al., 2010). It would basically
recognize, categorize and characterize the vulnerabilities that exist in the network
infrastructure, personal computers and the hardware systems of the business entity.
Alterations to the existing equipment and devices
A number of changes would have to be introduced in the existing equipment of
SNHUEnergy to holistically upgrade the security of the network. At present, the firm
has firewalls which provide protection to the network in the highly uncertain
technological environmental setting. There is a need to upgrade the type of firewall
that is currently being used in the organization. The most feasible firewall that can
be introduced is the next generation firewall which is also known as NGFW (Singh,
2019). This firewall can be defined as a ‘deep-packet inspection firewall’ which has
the capability to move beyond the protocol inspection and blocking of threats. This
modern firewall is capable to carry out application-level inspections, prevent varying
intrusions and bring intelligence from the external setting of the firewall. This third
generation firewall can replace the existing firewall of the business entity and help to
identify and block sophisticated kinds of attacks that could compromise the network
of SNHUEnergy.
Key challenges
A number of challenges could arise in the network infrastructure of
SNHUEnergy that could have an adverse implication on the security aspect,
performance and overall functionality of the system. Even though the next generation
firewall is considered to be highly effective and useful to capture and block threats
that could arise in the network, a number of challenges could arise (What Are the
Challenges of Next-Generation Firewalls, 2019). These challenges would act as the
bottlenecks and adversely affect the security aspect of the network of the business
entity. A major challenge is that the security model and process are constantly
evolving in the current times (What Are the Challenges of Next-Generation Firewalls,
2019). Due to this, the business undertaking would have to constantly upgrade the
key security elements such as the firewalls, routers, and other network devices that
are responsible to manage the security function. Thus adapting to the ever-evolving
technological setting would be a key challenge that SNHUEnergy would have to keep
in mind so that it could create a robust security platform that could constructively
influence the overall performance and functionality of the business.
Overall risk relating to the network
In the digitalized era, numerous changes are taking place in the network
architectures of business undertakings. The situation is no different for the
SNHUEnergy business entity as a number of risks relating to the network of the
business organization could arise. In the past years, a wide range of changes have
taken place in the technological setting, due to which the business will have to
upgrade the network model and introduce new security equipment. For instance, some
decades back, legacy firewalls were considered to be highly effective to block
external threats and uncertainties in the network. But at present, firewalls have
undergone multiple changes and new types of firewalls are been introduced so that
the overall risks and vulnerabilities of business undertakings can be properly
controlled and managed (What Are the Challenges of Next-Generation Firewalls,
2019).
The upgrading process that takes place while enhancing the functionality of the
network is considered to give rise to multiple risks relating to the alteration of the
existing network system and the introduction of new security elements. As the
technological environment is highly dynamic in nature, the manner in which the
network administrator introduces can give rise to uncertainties and risks as well. Thus
the key risks mainly arise when the new security elements and devices are introduced
in the network architecture. Similarly, when any changes are made to the existing
network model, there is a possibility that gaps might arise. These elements can
adversely affect the performance of the network and the level of connectivity. In
order to effectively manage the uncertainties, risks and challenges that might arise in
a business network, it is necessary to keep in place a robust change model. It will
enable the proper transformation from the old network to the upgraded network
infrastructure without ignoring the major changes that have taken place in terms of
security, connectivity, reliability and performance.
Conclusion
SNHUEnergy intends to expand its business activities and start providing the
transportation and refinement of its discoveries instead of merely focusing on the
exploration process. In order to achieve the business goal, the network architecture
must have a robust security model so that the business performance can be
strengthened to a certain extent. In the digitalized era, the role of the network
architecture of a business entity is of paramount importance. It must be regularly
monitored and upgraded so that the performance, security and reliability elements can
be effectively managed. In order to upgrade the network of SNHUEnergy in a
holistic and safe manner, it is necessary that the clients of the business also use
reliable and safe Internet connection devices. In order to expand the overall scope of
the business, one of the most critical elements is the security. The network security
must be properly managed by the entity so that all the data and information that
flow through the network are safe from any unauthorized parties or other kinds of
threats. The planning and security aspect of the network of the organization has been
highlighted as it would have a
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