Running Head: NAPPING IN NIGHT SHIFT e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e 1
7-2 Final Project Submission: Article Analysis
IHP 340 Stats-Healthcare professionals
SNHU
NAPPING IN NIGHT SHIFT e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e 2
Introduction
The article selected for the purpose of the study is titled ‘Napping on the Night
Shift – A two-hospital implementation project’. Certain nurses working in the night shift
usually experience high levels of sleepiness. This can affect the health outcomes and
safety of the patients. Napping can be an ideal countermeasure to effectively deal with
the fatigue and sleepiness issues among the nurses in the healthcare setting. The study
mainly aims at exploring the impact of napping on the nurses working in the night shift.
Purpose
The purpose of the study is to identify or determine how napping can act as an
effective countermeasure to effectively deal with the fatigue issues and sleepiness that
the nurse face while doing their work during the night shifts (Brown et al., 2016). The
researchers of the study have tried to find out how napping can help in reducing the
fatigue and sleepiness of healthcare workers in the safety-sensitive industries like
healthcare organizations. The study was a pilot project aimed at understanding the effect
of napping of night shift nurse in the healthcare setting. In addition to accessing the nap
experiences of the nurses on nightshift, the study also aims at identifying the potential
barriers for successful implementation of nightshift nap.
The key research question identified in the study is relating to the effective
implementation of napping for the night shift nurses and how certain barriers can affect
the plan. The hypothesis of the research study is that when the potential barriers to
napping are overcome, napping can be effectively used as an ideal solution for nightshift
nurses in order to reduce their sleepiness, fatigues, and drowsiness (Brown et al., 2016).
Research Methods
The research was conducted using an experimental study design. This can be
supported by the fact that, in the two-hospital implementation project, napping was
NAPPING IN NIGHT SHIFT e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e 3
introduced to six nursing units where the executives have already approved the
implementation of a nap for the night shift workers. In order to collect both qualitative
and quantitative data for the purpose of the study, nurse managers and night shift nurses
were interviewed. Nap experience form was also used. The interview method was
appropriate for the study as it provided the relevant answer to the research question by
collecting information and describing the accurate perceptions and experiences of the
night shift nurses. The data collected in the study is categorical as it has been grouped
under different categories such as level of sleep and duration of sleep. Further, the data
is categorical in nature can be evidenced by the sampling that includes duration and
timing of nap, helpfulness of napping, sleep inertia, and sleepiness level immediately as
well as after taking a nap. However, the data collection method has some potential
weaknesses. As 153 number of night shift nurses were included in the study, the
researchers were only limited to conducting group interviews and not individual
interviews. This might affect the overall outcomes of the study (Brown et al., 2016).
The Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) was used for analyzing and accessing the data
collected for the study. Qualitative data were analyzed, and quantitative data as
described in the form of graphs to shed light on the different variables. For the purpose
of the study, the key demographics included 153 nurses working in the night shift. The
inclusion criterion was the nurses involved in night shift. The study excluded the other
nurses in the healthcare setting who worked during the day shifts.
Key Findings
The results of the research study show that when the potential barriers to napping
implementation are effectively addressed, napping can be used as the optimum solution
for reducing sleepiness and drowsiness among the night shift nurses. The researchers of
the study have successfully identified the statistical significance of the results by
NAPPING IN NIGHT SHIFT e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e 4
considering the napping experience and the average score relating to the helpfulness of
napping.
There are a number of differences present between the groups involved in the
study. The study included two units in which the napping pilot project was
implemented. One of the units was successful while the other was unsuccessful (Brown
et al., 2016). In the successful unit, the napping project was a complete success, and the
approach continued to be employed even after the end of the study. In the case of the
unsuccessful unit, the night shift nurses were often called for work, which created an
unfavourable environment for the success of napping. Before the implementation of
napping, the nurses shared the barriers and concerns about napping with the superiors.
Limitations of the Study
One of the limitations in the study relating to sample size is that it took into
consideration 153 nurses only, the lack of larger sample can affect the accuracy of the
findings. Moreover, as the samples were collected from only six units and two hospitals,
the implementation of the napping project cannot be generalized for other units and
hospitals.
The statistical analysis used in the study has several advantages. The data was described
depending on the level of measurement (Brown et al., 2016). Moreover, the use of
graphs helped in increasing the understanding of the findings. However, the potential
disadvantage of the statistical analysis is that it did not consider the factors like work
pressure.
The limitation of the study design is that it included a small population which
involved only six units of two hospitals. A larger sample can be effective for finding
out more barriers to napping practice among night shift nurses.
Major Conclusions
NAPPING IN NIGHT SHIFT e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e 5
The results of the main article provided a description of napping practices of
nurses working in night shift and how overcoming the potential barriers to napping can
help in reducing sleepiness and drowsiness of nurses. On the other hand, the results of
the reference article provide insights about complexities and conflicts relating to the
perception of managers about the relationship between napping practices of nurses on
the night shift and safety and health issues of patients (Edwards, McMillan & Fallis,
2013).
The study significantly contributes to scientific literature. It shows that napping is an
evidence-based practice that can ensure the safety of the workplace (Brown et al., 2016).
It is a part of health and safety management program that can help in preventing
communicable diseases.
Additional research can help in enhancing the science of implementing napping
effectively in healthcare settings. Further research must be aimed at eliminating the
sleepiness of nurses and enhancing healthcare outcomes of patients.
NAPPING IN NIGHT SHIFT e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e 6
References
Brown, J. G., Sagherian, K., Zhu, S., Wieroniey, M., Blair, L., Warren, J., ... & Szeles,
R. (2016). Napping on the night shift: a two-hospital implementation project. The
American journal of nursing, 116(5), 26.
Edwards, M. P., McMillan, D. E., & Fallis, W. M. (2013). Napping during breaks on
night shift: critical care nurse managers' perceptions. Dynamics (Pembroke, Ont.),
24(4), 30.
