5-1 Discussion Pelvic inflammatory disease

Concept and Etiology:

Pelvic inflammatory disease also known as PID, is an infection that

happens in the female reproductive system (Story, 2018). This

disease affects about five percent of females, and it has been

declining in recent years (Story, 2018). Pelvic inflammatory disease

does not follow the health definition that was discussed in module

one because it affects many aspects of a female’s body. The first

indication of pelvic inflammatory disease would be the signs of

infection, which deviates from the health definition.

Classification: Pelvic inflammatory disease has four different stages.

Stage I includes endometritis without peritonitis. Stage II includes

salpingitis with peritonitis. Stage III includes acute salpingitis with

tubal occlusion. Lastly stage IV includes a tube ovarian abscess

rupture. (Story, 2018)

Clinical Manifestations:

Indications of infection such as fever, chills, myalgia, and

leukocytosis (with acute forms)

Pain or tenderness in the pelvis, lower abdomen, or lower back

(sudden and severe with acute forms)

Abnormal vaginal and cervical discharge (usually purulent)

Bleeding after sexual intercourse

Painful sexual intercourse

Urinary frequency

Dysuria

Dysmenorrhea

Amenorrhea

Metrorrhagia

Anorexia

Nausea and vomiting

(Story, 2018)

Diagnostic Test:

Antibiotic therapy

Screen and treat sexual partners (to prevent spreading and

reinfection)

Practice safe sex (to prevent spreading and reinfection)

Avoid douching (which spreads the infection to the upper

reproductive tract)

Treat abscesses (needle aspiration or surgical removal)

Follow-up reexamination (to ensure that infection is completely

resolved)

Infertility evaluation

(Story, 2018)

References

Story, L. (2018). Pathophysiology: A Practical Approach 3rd

Edition. Burlington: Jones & Bartlett Learning.