JetBlue Airways Corporation. JetBlue is publicly traded on NASDAQ with a ticker symbol of
JBLU. JetBlue offers air transportation services and is currently ranked as the sixth largest
airline in the U.S. The company has an interesting history as it began in 1998 as New Air. In
February 2000, it began officially operating under JetBlue Airways. The airline focuses on
offering low-cost travel while setting itself apart with the amenities it offered. According to
their website, only JetBlue offers free wi-fi, live TV and movies at every seat—and award-
winning customer service. (JetBlue Airways, 2022)
Property and Equipment is an asset item on JetBlue’s balance sheet. According to the
financial notes, JetBlue records “property and equipment at cost and depreciate these assets
on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values.”
(SEC, 2021) I believe this is this is the most appropriate option for recording and depreciating
an asset. d Straight-line depreciation is the simplest and most common method used.
My chosen company is Amazon, and their stock ticker is AMZN on Nasdaq. The company
was founded in July 1994 in Seattle by Jeff Bezos, who started the company after leaving his
Wall Street job. They are an e-commerce retailer with additional entities including tv and
music streaming, web services, grocery stores, e-readers and tablets, and prescription drug
delivery. d They have two headquarters - one in Seattle and one in Arlington, VA.
Property and Equipment are recorded on the balance sheet following this procedure:
"Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization.
Incentives that we receive from property and equipment vendors are recorded as a reduction
to our costs. Property includes buildings and land that we own, along with property we have
acquired under build-to-suit lease arrangements when we have control over the building
during the construction period and finance lease arrangements. Equipment includes assets
such as servers and networking equipment, heavy equipment, and other fulfillment
equipment. Depreciation and amortization is recorded on a straight-line basis over the
estimated useful lives of the assets (generally the lesser of 40 years or the remaining life of the
underlying building, three years prior to January 1, 2020 and four years subsequent to January
1, 2020 for our servers, five years for networking equipment, ten years for heavy equipment,
and three to ten years for other fulfillment equipment). Depreciation and amortization
expense is classified within the corresponding operating expense categories on our
consolidated statements of operations. “(SEC.gov, 2021). The straight-line method based on
the useful life of the property and equipment is the way to go for depreciation purposes. The
IRS assumes a five-year life on computer equipment as it is usually obsolete after that time,
but buildings and land are clearly going to be useful and in service for far longer. d If Amazon
were to depreciate their networking equipment over a life that exceeds its estimated probable
service life, this would create an automatic salvage value. d The same would be true if Amazon
were to use a declining balance method of depreciation. d (Levy, 2016).
I chose Amazon as my company to valuate. Stock ticker is AMZN. Amazon is an online
retailer selling just about anything you can imagine. It sells items in combination from itself
as a supplier and from other 3rd party sellers that use the platform to sell their own products.
Amazon is organized into 3 segments, North America, International, and Web Services (SEC,
2018). They have streaming services for music, books, and television/video in addition to
selling actual hard goods. Amazon’s largest competitors are other online retailers (e-
commerce) and other streaming and technological services such as Netflix, Hulu, Spotify, and
Apple Music. Amazon also strives for quick, fast delivery and has created Amazon Prime
service, where customers enjoy free 2-day shipping and in some cases, same day delivery
using their own resources and assets to fulfil this.
Jeff Bezos, founder of Amazon, registered the company in Washington November 1, 1994.
Bezos originally started at hedge fund D.E. Shaw, where he was Vice President and in charge
of researching new business ventures. One of his ideas was to use the new up and coming
internet to sell products, to which he provided a list of 20 options to Shaw, but his ideas were
shut down. This event caused Bezos to go out on his own, and he started Amazon from his
garage, selling mainly books online for 3 reasons: books have universal demand, books are
not expensive, there were thousands of titles he could sell easily and conveniently compared
to other national book retailers such as Barnes and Noble (Capitalism, 2020). Today, Amazon
employs over 1 million full and part time employees in over 13 countries across the world
(Adock, P. 2022).
On the balance sheet, revenue is listed as the amount they expect to receive reduced by
estimates for return allowances, promotional discounts, and rebates. Their revenue’s exclude
amounts collected for 3rd party sellers, including taxes associated with those sales. Revenue
is broken into multiple categories, retail sales from online and physical stores, 3rd party seller
services, subscription services, advertising services, Amazon Web Services (AWS), and
other. Most of Amazon’s revenues are recognized when the product is either transferred to the
customer through direct amazon delivery, or to a 3rd party carrier. An exception to this is with
advertising services, subscription services, and AWS which are all valued variably based on
various factors. For example, Advertising revenue is recognized once the ad is delivered, but
it dependent on the clicks and impressions it generates for the advertised company.
Subscription services can either be paid up front for the year or paid monthly by the customer.
However, Amazon recognizes subscription income over the time it is to be served. If a
customer pays $120 up front for prime for a year, that revenue is recognized at $10 a month
for 12 months. If the subscription is paid monthly, it is also recognized at $10 a month for 12
months.
The different options of recording revenues for different aspects of Amazon seems
appropriate. Recognizing the sale of a bag of dog food on the date it is sold is a true and
accurate depiction of the cashflows related to that transaction. Cost of goods sold is
immediately increased and inventory is immediately decreased, resulting in actual amounts
on the financial statements. It would not be feasible for Amazon to sell a bag of dogfood each
month in a 3-month period (quarter) but only recognize the sales of those 3 bags at the end of
the quarter. In contrast, for subscription services, it would not be correct to recognize a full
year’s subscription revenue when it is paid, because that revenue must cover a 12-month
period. As an example, if a customer subscribes in August of 2021, and Amazon recognizes
that full $120 in August of 2021, it overstates revenue for 2021 because only $50 of that
subscription was for 2021, an understates revenue for 2022 because $70 should have been
applied to the 7-month of the subscription in 2022. By allocating the revenue over the period
of the subscription, Amazon presents a more accurate picture of the income for both years.
The company I chose for the financial valuation and analysis report is Netflix (NFLX).
Netflix began in 1997 as a mailing DVD-rental business and in 2007 launched its online
streaming services. Netflix provides entertainment services with paid memberships in various
countries engaging in TV series, documentaries, feature films and mobile games across a
variety of genres and languages (Mergent, 2022).
Netflix acquires, licenses, and produces content, including original programming, in order to
offer their members unlimited viewing of video entertainment. The content licenses are for a
fixed fee and specific windows of availability. Payment terms for certain content licenses and
the production of content require more upfront cash payments relative to the amortization
expense. Netflix recognizes content assets (licensed and produced) as "Content assets, net" on
the Consolidated Balance Sheets (SEC, 2022). For licensed content, Netflix capitalizes the fee
per title and records a corresponding liability at the gross amount of the liability when the
license period begins, the cost of the title is known and the title is accepted and available for
streaming (SEC, 2022). For produced content, Netflix capitalizes costs associated with the
production, including development costs, direct costs, and production overhead.
Participations and residuals are expensed in line with the amortization of production costs
(SEC, 2022).
References
Mergent. (2022). Netflix Inc. Mergent Online. Retrieved from: https://www-mergentonline-
com.ezproxy.snhu.edu/companyfinancials.php?compnumber=105639
SEC. (2022). Netflix, Inc: Form 10-K. SEC.gov. Retrieved from:
https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1065280/000106528022000036/nflx-
20211231.htm
SEC. (2018). Amazon.com, Inc. Retrieved on July 7, 2022, from:
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1018724/000101872418000108/amzn-
20180630x10q.htm
Capitalism.com. (202, August 19). History of Amazon: From Garage Startup to the Largest E-
Commerce Marketplace. Capitalism. https://www.capitalism.com/history-of-amazon
Adcock, P. (2022, January 5). How Many Countries Does Amazon Operate In? – A Full List.
www.sbxl.com https://www.sxbl.com/how-many-countries-does-amazon-operate-in/
Levy, H. (2016, September). d Depreciable asset lives – the forgotten estimate in GAAP. The
CPA Journal. d https://www.cpajournal.com/2016/09/08/depreciable-asset-lives/
SEC.gov. (2022, February 4).
https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1018724/000101872422000005/amzn-
20211231.htm
JetBlue Airways (2022). JetBlue. Media Publications. Retrieved from
https://bluemedia.investproductions.com/media-room#highlights-slider
SEC.gov (2021). JetBlue Airways Corporation. Retrieved from
https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1158463/000115846322000017/jblu-
20211231.htm
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