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Whenc explainingc whatc evolutionaryc ethicsc isc Robertc McQuilkinc andc Paulc Copanc
concluded,c “Anotherc dominantc viewsometimesc connectedc toc utilitarianismisc
thec viewc ofc evolutionaryc ethics:c ourc ethicalc beliefsc havec developedc throughc
evolutionc toc helpc usc survivec andc reproduce.”c (McQuilkinc andc Copan,c 2013,c 181).c
Inc thisc viewc humansc evolvedc withoutc God’sc creation.c Theyc evolvedc fromc anotherc
creaturec intoc ac humanc andc throughoutc thec agesc humansc havec learnedc ethicsc
throughc evolutionc andc time.c Suchc examplesc wouldc bec notc toc causec onec anotherc
harm,c notc toc steal,c doc whatc isc rightc forc thec group,c etc.c Thec problemc withc thisc isc
itc doesc notc makec sensec becausec creationc cannotc bec ac merec coincidencec ofc
particlesc collidingc toc createc life.c Therec hasc toc bec ac higherc beingc toc createc suchc
complexc thingsc suchc asc DNA.
Withc thatc beingc said,c McQuilkinc andc Copanc offeredc ac similarc pointc whenc theyc
concluded,c “Forc onec thing,c evenc ifc ourc fundamentalc moralc understandingc werec
influencedc byc biologicalc evolution,c thisc stillc doesn’tc discountc Godc asc thec sourcec
ofc morality.”c (McQuilkinc andc Copan,c 2013,c 180).c McQuilkinc andc Copanc arec
concludingc thatc thec worldc isc tooc complexc forc evolutionaryc ethicsc toc makec sense.c
Reasonc beingc isc thatc evolutionaryc ethicsc stillc leavesc roomc forc ac higherc beingc forc
creation.c Thec theoryc doesc notc excludec thec factc thatc creationc isc possiblec becausec
ofc God,c andc withc evolutionaryc ethicsc beingc ac naturalisticc theoryc thisc thenc makesc
thec theoryc flawed.
Anotherc pointc isc offeredc byc Gordonc S.c Mikoskic whenc Mikoskic concluded,c
“Culturesc developedc onc thec basisc ofc collectivec intentionalityc and,c morallyc
speaking,c thisc alwaysc involvedc negotiatingc conflictsc betweenc fourc setsc ofc
evolutionarilyc cumulative,c butc nowc commensuratelyc legitimate,c issues:c me-
concern,c you-concern,c we-concern,c andc equalityc concern.”c (Mikoski,c 2017,c 391).c
Thisc canc bec explainedc asc herdc mentality.c Inc otherc words,c doc whatc isc goodc forc
thec groupc soc thatc thec groupc survives.c Inc ac wayc thisc mentalityc somewhatc makesc
sensec whenc youc thinkc backc toc thec humansc beingc huntersc andc gatherers.c Forc
one’sc survivalc duringc thisc dangerousc timec itc madec sensec toc stickc togetherc andc
toc seekc thec groupsc survival.c So,c itc makesc sensec thatc ac memberc ofc saidc groupc
wouldc wantc thec groupc toc survive.c However,c thisc logicc isc stillc flawedc becausec itc
isc notc thinking,c explaining,c onc ac deeperc levelc ofc creation.
Herdc mentalityc isc stillc ac naturalisticc theoryc viewpoint.c Asc itc wasc pointedc outc itc
makesc sensec somewhatc thatc ac memberc wouldc wantc thec herdc toc survivec soc thatc
theyc wouldc thencec survive.c However,c itc doesc notc answerc thec questionc onc howc
thatc herdc camec intoc being.c Naturalisticc theoryc pointsc towardc creationc asc merec
coincidence,c butc whenc onec startsc askingc toughc questionsc thisc theoryc beginsc toc
fail.c Onec questionc canc simplyc be,c whatc isc survival,c andc thec meaningc ofc life?c Ac
naturalistc wouldc sayc toc livec andc seekc thatc ac groupc ofc peoplec livesc inc cohesionc
andc thrives.c However,c ac Christianc wouldc thenc counterc thisc logicc with,c Howc thenc
didc thisc groupc comec intoc existence,c andc whyc doesc itc matterc thatc thec groupc
survivesc ifc therec isc noc afterlife?
Wordc Count:c 502
Bibliography
McQuilkin,c Robertc andc Paulc Copan.c Anc Introductionc toc Biblicalc Ethics:c Walkingc inc
thec Wayc ofc c Wisdom.c Downer’sc Grove,c IL:c IVPc Academic,c 2013.c ISBN:c
9780830828180.
Mikoski,c Gordonc S.c “Reimaginingc Ourc Futurec inc Lightc ofc Changingc Viewsc ofc thec
Evolutionaryc Past.”c Theologyc Today.c 73c no.c 4.c (2017):c 388-395.c Accessedc Aprilc 8,c
2021.c https://web-b-ebscohost-
com.ezproxy.liberty.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=f9e38c9f-d1bf-48a0-
bbe4-d5ec6cd3a95f%40pdc-v-sessmgr03
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