Burnout and Marital Status:
Table :
ANOVA between Marital Status and Burnout Scores
Descriptives
N
Mean
Std.
Deviation
Std.
Error
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
Minimum Maximum
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
Maslach
Score 1:
EE
Married 110 16.4273 11.16388 1.06443 14.3176 18.5369 0.00 40.00
Single
never
married
34 16.5294 11.84300 2.03106 12.3972 20.6616 6.00 43.00
Divorced 11 13.5455 7.54140 2.27382 8.4791 18.6118 7.00 23.00
Widowed
7
20.8571 10.66815 4.03218 10.9907 30.7235 10.00 33.00
Total 162 16.4444 11.05997 .86895 14.7284 18.1605 0.00 43.00
Maslach
Score 2:
PA
Married 110 40.9636 8.22496 .78422 39.4093 42.5179 8.00 48.00
Single
never
married
34 43.2353 3.43828 .58966 42.0356 44.4350 36.00 48.00
Divorced 11 39.2727 .46710 .14084 38.9589 39.5865 39.00 40.00
Widowed
7
41.5714 3.73529 1.41181 38.1169 45.0260 39.00 47.00
Total 162 41.3519 7.06445 .55504 40.2558 42.4479 8.00 48.00
Maslach
Score 3:
D
Married 110 5.0909 4.98538 .47534 4.1488 6.0330 0.00 16.00
Single
never
married
34 4.4118 4.61301 .79112 2.8022 6.0213 0.00 14.00
Divorced 11 1.4545 2.01810 .60848 .0988 2.8103 0.00 4.00
Widowed
7
8.4286 2.43975 .92214 6.1722 10.6850 7.00 12.00
Total 162 4.8457 4.80498 .37751 4.1002 5.5912 0.00 16.00
ANOVA
Sum of
Squares df
Mean
Square
F
Sig.
Maslach
Score 1:
Between
Groups
229.027
3
76.342 .620 .603
EE Within
Groups
19464.973 158 123.196
Total 19694.000 161
Maslach
Score 2:
PA
Between
Groups
185.076
3
61.692 1.242 .297
Within
Groups
7849.868 158 49.683
Total 8034.944 161
Maslach
Score 3:
D
Between
Groups
229.374
3
76.458 3.464 .018
Within
Groups
3487.768 158 22.074
Total 3717.142 161
A one way between subjects ANOVA was conducted to compare the effect marital status has on
burnout scores. There was not significant effect at the p<.05 level for the two subscales namely:
[F (3, 158) = .620, p= .603 for emotional exhaustion subscale, [F (3, 158) = 1.242, p= .297 for
the personal accomplishment scale and however for the depersonalisation scale there was a
significant effect as shown; [F (3, 158) = 3.464, p= .018].
To begin with I looked at the relationship between emotional exhaustion and marital status. A
comparison of the results indicated that the mean scores for married counsellors (M=16.42,
SD=11.16), counsellors who are single and never married (M= 16.52, SD= 11.84) were
significantly different compared to counsellors who are divorced (M= 13.54, SD= 7.54) and
counsellors who are widowed (M= 20.85, SD= 10.66).
These results suggest that marital status has a positive impact on emotional exhaustion.
Counsellors who are divorced are likely to have the least emotional exhaustion scores whereas
counsellors who are widowed are likely to have the highest emotional exhaustion scores
followed by single and married counsellors.
Regarding the personal accomplishment scale; a comparison of the results indicated that the
mean scores for counsellors who are single and never married (M=43.23, SD=3.43), were
significantly different from married counsellors (M=40.96 SD=8.22), divorced counsellors (M=
39.27, SD= .467) and widowed counsellors (M= 41.57, SD= 3.73).
These results suggest that marital status has a positive impact on personal accomplishment.
Counsellors who are divorced are likely to have the least personal accomplishment scores
whereas counsellors who are single never married are likely to have the highest personal
accomplishment scores followed by those who are widowed and married.
Results for the depersonalisation scale indicated that the mean scores for married counsellors
(M=5.09, SD=4.98), counsellors who are single and never married (M= 4.41, SD= 4.61) were
significantly different compared to counsellors who are divorced (M= 1.45.18, SD= 2.01) and
counsellors who are widowed (M=8.42, SD 2.43).
These results suggest that marital status has a positive impact on depersonalisation scores.
Counsellors who are divorced are likely to have the least depersonalisation scores whereas
counsellors who are widowed are likely to have the highest depersonalisation scores followed
those who are married and then by those who are single and never married.
© University of South Africa 2016
Burnout and Employment Status:
Table 5.20:
(a) Correlations between Employment Status and Burnout Scores
Maslach
Score 1:
EE
Maslach
Score 2:
PA
Maslac
h Score
3: D
What is
your
current
job
status
Maslach
Score
1: EE
Pearson
Correlation
1
-.135 .614** -.090
Sig. (2-
tailed)
.086 .000 .257
N
162 162 162 162
Maslach
Score
2: PA
Pearson
Correlation
-.135
1
-.039 .041
Sig. (2-
tailed)
.086 .625 .607
N
162 162 162 162
Maslach
Score
3: D
Pearson
Correlation
.614** -.039
1
-.189*
Sig. (2-
tailed)
.000 .625 .016
N
162 162 162 162
What
is your
current
job status
Pearson
Correlation
-.090 .041 -.189*
1
Sig. (2-
tailed)
.257 .607 .016
N
162 162 162 162
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
A Pearson product moment correlation was computed to assess the relationship between job
status and burnout variables of emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment and
depersonalisation. There was a weak correlation and no statistically significant relationship
between job status and emotional exhaustion r= -.090, n=162; p.257. In addition, there was a
positive correlation and a statistically significant relationship between job status and
134
© University of South Africa 2016
depersonalisation r=-.189, n= 162; p= .016. However, there was a weak correlation and no
statistically significant relationship between job status and personal accomplishment r= .041,
n=162; p= .607.
Burnout and Employment Status:
Table :
(b) ANOVA between Employment Status and Burnout Scores
Descriptives
N
Mean
Std.
Deviatio
n
Std.
Error
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
Minimu
m
Maximu
m
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
Maslac Working 33 20.1212 12.14176 2.11361 15.8159 24.4265 4.00 43.00
h Score on a fixed
1: EE term
contract
Working 55 14.2000 9.30233 1.25433 11.6852 16.7148 0.00 36.00
on
permanent
or open
ended
contract
Self 45 16.4889 11.08566 1.65255 13.1584 19.8194 4.00 38.00
employed
Part time 25 18.4400 11.99681 2.39936 13.4880 23.3920 3.00 40.00
or locum
basis
Others
4
4.0000 0.00000 0.00000 4.0000 4.0000 4.00 4.00
Total 162 16.4444 11.05997 .86895 14.7284 18.1605 0.00 43.00
Maslac Working 33 40.9697 3.19653 .55644 39.8363 42.1031 36.00 47.00
h Score on a fixed
2: PA term
contract
Working 55 42.5091 6.07323 .81891 40.8673 44.1509 28.00 48.00
on
permanent
or open
ended
contract
Self 45 38.8667 10.35418 1.54351 35.7559 41.9774 8.00 48.00
employed
Part time 25 42.7200 4.17852 .83570 40.9952 44.4448 36.00 47.00
or locum
135
136
© University of South Africa 2016
basis
Others
4
48.0000 0.00000 0.00000 48.0000 48.0000 48.00 48.00
Total 162 41.3519 7.06445 .55504 40.2558 42.4479 8.00 48.00
Maslac
h Score
3: D
Working
on a fixed
term
contract
33 7.1818 6.36128 1.10736 4.9262 9.4374 0.00 16.00
Working
on
permanent
or open
ended
contract
55 4.0000 4.38432 .59118 2.8148 5.1852 0.00 16.00
Self
employed
45 4.7778 3.85468 .57462 3.6197 5.9359 0.00 14.00
Part time
or locum
basis
25 4.5200 4.15452 .83090 2.8051 6.2349 0.00 12.00
Others
4
0.0000 0.00000 0.00000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00 0.00
Total 162 4.8457 4.80498 .37751 4.1002 5.5912 0.00 16.00
ANOVA
Sum of
Squares df
Mean
Square
F
Sig.
Maslac
h Score
1: EE
Between
Groups
1442.280
4
360.570 3.102 .017
Within
Groups
18251.720 157 116.253
Total 19694.000 161
Maslac
h Score
2: PA
Between
Groups
579.989
4
144.997 3.054 .019
Within
Groups
7454.955 157 47.484
Total 8034.944 161
Maslac
h Score
3: D
Between
Groups
316.215
4
79.054 3.649 .007
Within
Groups
3400.927 157 21.662
Total 3717.142 161
A one way between subjects ANOVA was conducted to compare the effect employment status
has on burnout scores. There was a significant effect at the p<.05 level for the four
conditions/status namely: [F (4, 157) = 3.102, p= .017 for emotional exhaustion subscale, [F (4,
© University of South Africa 2016
157) = 3.054, p= .019 for the personal accomplishment scale and [F (4, 157) = 3.649, p= .007 for
the depersonalisation scale.
To begin with, I looked at the relationship between emotional exhaustion and employment status.
A comparison of the results indicated that the mean scores for counsellors working on fixed term
contracts (M=20.12, SD=12.14), counsellors working part time or on locum basis (M= 18.44,
SD= 11.99) and self employed (M= 16.48, SD= 11.08) were significantly different compared to
counsellors who are permanent or on open ended contracts (M= 14.20, SD= 9.30).
These results suggest that employment status has a positive impact on emotional exhaustion.
Counsellors who are working on permanent contracts or open ended contracts are likely to have
the least emotional exhaustion scores whereas counsellors who are working on fixed term
contracts are likely to have the highest emotional exhaustion scores followed by those working
part time or and those who are self employed.
Regarding the personal accomplishment scale; a comparison of the results indicated that the
mean scores for counsellors working part time or on locum basis (M=42.72, SD=4.17), who are
working on fixed term contracts (M= 40.96, SD= 6.07) and permanent or open ended contracts
(M= 42.50, SD= 6.07) were significantly different compared to self employed counsellors (M=
38.86, SD= 10.35).
These results suggest that employment status has a positive impact on personal accomplishment.
Counsellors who are self employed are likely to have the least personal accomplishment scores
whereas counsellors who are working on part time contracts are likely to have the highest
137
© University of South Africa 2016
personal accomplishment scores followed by those who are working on permanent
contracts and then by those working on fixed term contracts.
Results for the depersonalisation scale indicated that the mean scores for self
employed counsellors (M=4.78, SD=3.85), counsellors working part time or on
locum basis (M= 4.52, SD= 4.15) and permanent or open ended contracts (M=
4.00, SD= 4.38) were significantly different compared to counsellors who are
working on fixed term contracts (M= 7.18, SD= 6.38).
These results suggest that employment status has a positive impact on
depersonalisation scores. Counsellors who are working on permanent contracts or
open ended contracts are likely to have the least depersonalisation scores whereas
counsellors who are working on fixed term contracts are likely to have the highest
depersonalisation scores followed those who are self employed and then by those
working part time.
