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PSYC 515 M1 RESEARCH SURVEY INSTRUCTIONS 1
RESEARCH PROJECT SURVEY INSTRUCTIONS
OVERVIEW
Religiosity and spirituality can influence every facet of a person’s life. Studies show their
relationship with job satisfaction, anxiety, stress, political ideology, and overall happiness, to
name a few (note I’m not citing articles because you will need to find relevant articles for
whichever of these you choose – however, in a research paper one could not make these
assertions without appropriate citations). Religiosity and spirituality can also be examined across
the lifespan or in relation to aspects from one’s childhood. However, how people define and
examine religiosity and spirituality varies considerably. To scaffold the expectations of this
assignment, you will be designing a study using variables from a pre-approved list.
INSTRUCTIONS
This document is a supplement for the Research Design assignment. Read this entire document
so you can see the scope of your options for variables and how they are operationally defined.
Then, select your variables from the following:
Select at least one demographic variable from the “Demographic Variables” section
below. Remember - a demographic variable is used to describe your sample - the
variable is NOT part of your research question or your analysis. A demographic variable
helps provide the scope of external validity of your research (example – if only people
between the ages of 18 – 25 (M = 20.3, S = 2.5) complete your survey, then the
descriptive statistics from the demographic question lets people know your conclusions
are restricted to a population of this age group). Again, it is NOT included in your
statistical analysis or hypothesis. It is merely used to describe your sample. You should
not discuss your demographic variable in your introduction as a variable of interest.
Select TWO variables of interest as a basis for a hypothesis – one from each section
(Variable of Interest #1 and Variable of Interest #2). Please note they are only numbered
to clarify what is considered a variable within each section– do not use the numbers in
your research paper as that is not scientific or meaningful. *Some of the variables have a
citation based on the development of the questions used to assess it – you’d need to cite
the provided article if you select a variable with that information provided (and it does
not count towards the number of articles you must discuss). All articles cited in this
document are available within the Jerry Falwell Library.
Once you’ve selected your variables, complete your Research Design Form. You will have to
create your survey using the required disclosure and relevant questions based on the variables
you selected. You cannot add/delete/modify information from the disclosure or variables as
shown in this document. They must be used in their entirety as provided here. Here is the
required disclosure that must be included at the top of your survey:
SURVEY
Disclosure: I am asking you to complete this survey as part of the requirements for my statistics
project in a graduate level psychology course. Your answers will remain completely anonymous.
No personal information about you will be linked to this survey. Please do not put your name or
any other identifying information on the survey. The results of this survey will be used only for
PSYC 515 M1 RESEARCH SURVEY INSTRUCTIONS 2
educational purposes and will not be published or released to the public. You must be 18 years
old or older in order to complete this survey.
Directions: <create appropriate directions here - these may vary but should include to only give
one response per question – note you may need different directions for each subsection>
Demographic quesons Select a minimum of one demographic queson.
1. Biological Sex:
a. Answer op$ons (select one): Male, Female
2. Gender:
a. Answer op$ons (select one): Male, Female, Other
3. Age in years: (Have it blank for par$cipants to enter a number)
4. Racial Category:
a. Answer Op$ons (select all that apply): American Indian or Alaska Na$ve; Asian; Black or
African American; Hispanic or La$no; Na$ve Hawaiian or Other Paci8c Islander; White;
Other
b. Addi$onal informa$on for students in PSYC 515: the answer op$ons are based on the
OMB Revisions to the Standards for the Classi8ca$on of Federal Data on Race and
Ethnicity, published by NIH on April 8, 2015
5. Marital status (including living common law):
a. Answer op$ons (select one): Now married; Widowed; Divorced; Separated; Never
married
Variable of Interest #1 Select ONE of the following scales to measure your rst variable of interest (e.g.,
if you select the Intrinsic Spirituality Scale your variable is Intrinsic Spirituality. The parcipant will
answer 6 quesons from this scale, but you will average their responses and use a single score in your
stascal analysis secon).
1. Intrinsic Spirituality Scale measures the degree to which spirituality is a movang factor in one’s life
Hodge, D.R. (2003). The Intrinsic Spirituality Scale: A new six-item instrument for assessing the salience
of spirituality as a mo$va$onal construct. Journal of Social Service Research 30 (1), 41 – 61.
h@ps://doi.org/10.1300/J079v30n01_03
See page 48 in the ar$cle for the exact ques$ons and answer op$ons
Analysis: Answers to 6 items (ra$o): average the scores so total range is 0-10 (use this number for
your stascal analysis). To help with your interpreta$on:0 represents an individual for whom
spirituality is not opera$ve in their life as a mo$va$ng factor; 10 indicates a person who is mo$vated
by their spirituality to the highest degree possible.
PSYC 515 M1 RESEARCH SURVEY INSTRUCTIONS 3
2. Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (DSES) measures experiences of God’s love, presence, guidance, and
closeness during daily life
Underwood, L. G. (2011). The daily spiritual experience scale: Overview and results. Religions, 2(1), 29-
50. h@ps://doi.org/ 10.3390/rel2010029
Use the SHORTENED version of the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (6 ques$ons) despite the limita$ons
discussed in this ar$cle.
Analysis: See Table 1 in the ar$cle for the Introduc$on, ques$ons, and answer op$ons used in the
BMMRS 6 item scale (note the asterisk at the bo@om of the table that indicates which ques$ons
were selected and/or combined for the shortened version).
o Answer op$ons should be quan$8ed by ranging from 1 (“Never or almost never”) to 6
(“Many $mes a day”).
o Answers to these 6 items should be averaged, for individual 8nal averages ranging from 1-6
(use two decimal places) where more frequent daily spiritual experience is represented by
higher mean scores.
o As discussed in the referenced ar$cle, there is more than one way to score it – you should
follow the direc$ons listed here for consistency.
3. Negave subscale of the Brief Religious Coping Scale (RCOPE) this subscale re+ects underlying
spiritual tensions and struggles within oneself, with others, and with the divine
Pargament, K., Feuille, M, & Burdzy, D. (2011). The brief RCOPE: Current psychometric status of a short
measure of religious coping. Religions, 2(1), 51-76. h*ps://doi.org/10.3390/rel2010051
* Use the seven ques$ons in the “Nega$ve Religious Coping Subscale Items” in Table 2 of the ar$cle.
These ques$ons should have responses ranging from 1 ‘not at all’ to 4 ‘a great deal’.
Analysis: Sum the scores for a range of 7 – 28, with higher values reOec$ng a larger degree of
nega$ve religious coping
Variable of Interest #2 Select ONE of the following constructs to measure a second variable of interest
(e.g., if you select depressive symptoms, you will include the 20 quesons from the CES-D and then
combine them to a single score ranging from 0-60 for your stascal analysis). Note quesons #9-12 do
not have citaons as they are well-dened and are not psychological constructs.
1. Depression from the Center for Epidemiological Studies – Depression (CES-D) scale: a 20-item
measure that asks a parcipant to rate how o4en over the past week they experienced symptoms
associated with depression, such as restless sleep, poor appete, and feeling lonely.
RadloP, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general
popula$on. Applied Psychological Measurements, 1(3), 385-401.
h@ps://doi.org/10.1177/014662167700100306
PSYC 515 M1 RESEARCH SURVEY INSTRUCTIONS 4
*Use the 20 ques$ons as shown in Table 1 but have response op$ons range from 0-3 for each item (0 =
Rarely or None of the Time, 1 = Some or Li@le of the Time, 2 = Moderately or Much of the $me, 3 = Most
or Almost All the Time).
Analysis: Reverse score #4, 8, 12, and 16. Then, you add up all scores. Scores range from 0 to 60,
with high scores indica$ng greater depressive symptoms.
2. Shyness This 9 queson self-report survey assesses a person’s tension, discomfort, and inhibion that
may occur in the presence of others (“shyness”).
Cheek, J.M. & Buss, A.H. (1981). Shyness and sociability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41
(2), 330-339. h@ps://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.41.2.330
Use the 9 ques$ons listed in Table 1 for the “Shyness” scale. Have par$cipants rate agreement with the
items on a 8ve-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree), 2 (disagree), 3 (neutral), 4 (agree),
and 5 (strongly agree).
Analysis: Reverse score ques$on #2 (“I don’t 8nd it hard to talk to strangers”). Then add the values
from the nine ques$ons to obtain a single score ranging from 9-45, which higher scores represent
higher levels of shyness.
3. Loneliness use the RULS-6 scale.
Wongpakaran, N., Wongpakaran, T., Pinyopornpanish, M., Simcharoen, S., Suradom, C, Varnado, P.,
Kuntawong, P. (2020). Development and valida$on of a 6-teim Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale
(RULS-6) using Rasch analysis. Brish Journal of Health Psychology, 25(2), 233-256.
h@ps://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12404
See the end of the ar$cle in the Appendix – Table A1 contains the 6 ques$ons for the Revised UCLA
Loneliness Scale (RULS-6). Each ques$on should use a four-point Likert scale, that is, 1 (never), 2 (rarely),
3 (some$me), and 4 (oTen).
Analysis: Degree of loneliness is evaluated by averaging scores across items. Higher scores indicate
greater loneliness.
4. Quiet Ego this measure re+ects the idea that quiet ego is a higher order construct and captures four
characteriscs: detached awareness, inclusive identy, perspecve-taking, and growth.
Wayment, H. A., Bauer, J. J., & Sylaska, K. (2015). The Quiet Ego Scale: Measuring the compassionate
self-iden$ty. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(4), 999-1033. h@ps://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-
014-9546-z
The Quiet Ego Scale (QES) is a 14-item scale used to assess quiet ego. Items are all rated on a 5-point
scale - 1 = strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree. See Table 7 located in the Appendix of the ar$cle for the
14 ques$ons. Reverse score those with an asterisk.
PSYC 515 M1 RESEARCH SURVEY INSTRUCTIONS 5
Analysis: Reverse code ques$ons with an asterisk in the original ar$cle. Then, sum answers to obtain
a single score per par$cipant. Higher scores on this measure indicate a stronger quiet ego.
5. Perceived stress. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is a 10-item measure that is widely used to assess
subjecvely experienced stress and known predictor of health and health-related outcomes. Items are
rated on a 5-point scale (1 = never; 5 = very o4en).
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A Global Measure of Perceived Stress. Journal of
Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 385-396. h@ps://doi.org/10.2307/2136404
Analysis: The 14 items of the PSS are presented in Appendix A. PSS scores are obtained by reversing
the scores on the seven posi$ve items, e.g., 0=4, 1=3, 2=2., and then summing across all 14 items.
Items 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, and 13 are the posi$vely stated items. Higher scores indicate greater
perceived stress.
6. Posive or Negave A6ect (PANAS). Note you must only select ONE subscale (posive OR negave)
for the purposes of this assignment. The words associated with each scale are idened in the
“Development of the PANAS Scales” subsecon on p. 1064 of the arcle. See the Appendix for the
complete PANAS. You would also choose the most appropriate “me instrucons” in the Appendix based
on the nature of your study.
Watson, D., Clark, L.A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and valida$on of brief measures of posi$ve
and nega$ve aPect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6),
1063–1070. h@ps://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
Analysis: Add the scores on the 10 items associated with the subscale you selected (Posi$ve OR
Nega$ve). Scores range from 10-50. Posi$ve APect subscale interpreta$on: higher scores
represen$ng higher levels of posi$ve aPect. Nega$ve APect Subscale interpreta$on: lower scores
represent lower levels of nega$ve aPect.
7. Grit. Using the 12-item Grit Scale. Parcipants endorsed items describing their tendency to maintain
eEort (perseverance) (e.g., “Setbacks don’t discourage me”) and interest consistency (e.g., “I have been
obsessed with a certain idea or project for a short me but later lost interest,” reverse scored).
Duckworth, A.L., Peterson, C., Ma@hews, M.D., & Kelly, D. (2007). Grit: Perseverance and passion for
long-term goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(6), 1087–1101.
h@ps://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.6.1087
See Table 1 for the 12 ques$ons. Have par$cipants rate each using a 5-point scale (1 = not at all like me;
5 = very much like me).
Analysis: Reverse score all six ques$ons associated with “Consistency of Interests” in Table 1 as
indicated. Then, average scores so the maximum score is 5 (extremely gri@y), and the lowest score is
1 (not at all gri@y).
PSYC 515 M1 RESEARCH SURVEY INSTRUCTIONS 6
8. General job sasfacon using the Generic Job Sasfacon Scale.
Macdonald, S. & MacIntyre, P. (2008). The Generic Job Sa$sfac$on Scale: Scale development and its
correlates. Employee Assistance Quarterly 13 (2), 1-16. h@ps://doi.org/10.1300/J022v13n02_01
10 ques$on survey – each on a 5-point Likert scale.
Strongly disagree Disagree Don’t know Agree Strongly agree
1 2 3 4 5
I receive recogni$on for a job well done.
I feel close to the people at work.
I feel good about working at this company.
I feel secure about my job.
I believe management is concerned about me.
On the whole, I believe work is good for my physical health.
My wages are good.
All my talents and skills are used at work.
I get along with my supervisors.
I feel good about my job.
Analysis: Add scores. Use the sum for analysis purposes. Interpreta$on: 42-50 very high; 39-41 high;
32-38 average; 27-31 low; 10-26 very low. This scale is most accurate for employees between the
ages of 25 and 60.
9. Polical Party A<liaon
Which of the following most closely represents your poli$cal party aVlia$on?
Republican Democrat Libertarian Other
10. Church a*endance
On average, how many $mes do you a@end religious services each month (assuming there are no
holidays):
11. Reading scripture
How many minutes on average do you spend reading scripture each week?
12. Time praying
How much $me do you spend praying each day (in minutes)?
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