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Descriptive statistics were used for this section.
FREQUENCIES
Frequency statistics were used for the sex variable because the data was a
categorical variable. Therefore, descriptive statistics would not have been
helpful as the categories are not ordered.
TABLEAA 1
PARTICIPANTS
AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA
STATISTICS
SEX
N
Valid
Missing
20
0
This table indicates that the total number of participants involved in the study
was 20, with no missing information.
TABLEAA 2
NUMBERAA OFAA PARTICIPANTS
AA
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AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA SEX
Frequency
Percent
Valid
Presentation
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Female
Male
Total
10
10
20
50.0
50.0
100.0
50.0
50.0
100.0
50.0
100.0
From the output above, male participants were ten and female participants,
each representing 50% of the participants in the study.
DESCRIPTIVEAA ANALYSIS
aa aa a aa aa a aa aa aa aa aa Descriptive analyses of the age variable indicated that the
youngest participant was 18 years old while the oldest was 56 years. The
mean age of the sample was M = 40.25, SD = 12. 62 years.
HYPOTHESISAA TESTING
In the current section, statistical analyses were used to test the significance of
the relationship between job satisfaction and spirituality. The study projected a
significant positive relationship between job satisfaction and spirituality based
on the reviewed literature. A simple regression was the appropriate statistical
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test since the dependent (job satisfaction) and the independent (spirituality)
were quantitative variables.
TABLEAA 3
VARIABLES
DESCRIPTIVEAA STATISTICS
Mean
Std. Deviation
N
Job satisfactory
68.50
16.195
20
spirituality
90.70
26.232
20
Table 3 above shows the descriptive summary of the independent and
dependent variables of the study. Mean Job satisfaction was M – 68.50, SD =
16.20. On the other hand, the mean spirituality among the participants was M
=90.70, SD = 26.23.
TABLEAA 4
REGRESSIONAA MODEL
MODELAA SUMMARY
Model
R
R
Square
Adjusted R
Square
Std. The
error in the
Estimate
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1
.642a
.412
.379
12.758
a. Predictors: (Constant), spirituality
Table 5 above summarizes the goodness of fit of the regression model. The
model had a coefficient of R2 = 0.412, which indicated it accounted for 41.2%
variation in job satisfaction. The coefficient correlation suggests a moderate
positive relationship between job satisfaction and spirituality. An increase in
spirituality with one score led to a 0.642 increase in job satisfaction.
TABLEAA 5
ANOVA
Model
Sum of
Squares
df
Mean
Square
F
Sig.
1
Regression
2053.109
1
2053.109
12.613
.002b
Residual
2929.891
18
162.772
Total
4983.000
19
Table 4 above shows ANOVA for the regression model. The result of the
ANOVA suggests that spirituality is a significant predictor of job satisfaction, F
(1,18) = 12.61, p = 0.02, at a 0.05 level of significance. Therefore, there is
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enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the level of
spirituality is significant in determining job satisfaction among workers.
TABLEAA 6
MODELAA COEFFICIENTAA SUMMARY
COEFFICIENTS
Model
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t
Sig.
B
Std. Error
Beta
1
(Constant)
32.558
10.515
3.096
.006
spirituality
.396
.112
.642
3.552
.002
a. Dependent Variable: Job satisfactory
Table 5 above shows a summary of the model coefficients. The model
suggests that the job satisfaction score for absolutely non-spiritual individuals
was M = 32.56, SE = 10.52. Job satisfaction increased by 0.396 for each unit
increase in spirituality. The table also indicates the significance of spirituality in
predicting jobs satisfaction.
AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA
AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA DISCUSSION
The study described above used a sample of ten male and ten female
participants to investigate the relationship between spirituality and job
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satisfaction. The study used regression analyses to evaluate the significance of
spirituality in predicting job satisfaction. The regression results indicated that
spirituality predicted job satisfaction significantly and accounted for 41.2% of
the variation in job satisfaction.
The study results align with Dennis et al. (2003), who found a positive and
significant correlation between religiousness and job satisfaction in a
multinational study that included participants from 38 countries. The study
noted that religious workers view their work as a service to others, leading to
a higher satisfaction level. The result of the current research is also supported
by Horvath (2015), who found that religious bank CEOs were more satisfied
with their work than non-religious CEOs. The study attributed the positive
correlation to spiritual leaders' trust levels, leading to better job performance
and, ultimately, job satisfaction. Finally, the results are backed by Koenig and
Bussing's (2010) findings. Their study found that job satisfaction mediated the
relationship between spirituality and health outcomes. Koenig and Bussing's
study found evidence suggesting that spiritual workers exhibited better physical
results, including BMI, than non-spiritual workers. The study further found that
the relationship was mediated by satisfaction.
While the study found a significant relationship between spirituality and
satisfaction, its results are limited by scales used to measure the variables.
There were no tests to establish the relationship between the validity and
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reliability of the measures. Therefore, there is a chance that the scales do not
measure the intended attributes of spirituality and job satisfaction.
The current study results have implications for managers and business owners
worldwide. The study suggests that job satisfaction can be improved by
spiritual practice. Given the importance of job satisfaction in improving job
efficiency, managers can encourage spirituality to enhance job satisfaction. The
study suggests a similar analysis to investigate the relationship between
spirituality and mental health outcomes. The research is imperative due to the
growing number of mental health patients worldwide.
AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA
AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA
AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA
AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA REFERENCES
Health Education, 34(5),297-301. aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa a aa aa a
aa aa a aa aa a aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa https://doi.org/10.1080/19325037.2003.10603566
Links to an external site.
Horvath, M. (2015). Predicting Work Outcomes from Religiosity and Perceived
Calling. The Career Development Quarterly, 63(2), 141-155. aa aa aa aa aa aa a aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa
aa aa a aa aa a aa aa https://doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12010 Links to an external site.
Koenig, H. G., & Bussing, A. (2010). The Duke University Religion Index
(DUREL): a five-item measure used in epidemiological studies. aa aa aa
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aa aa a aa aa a aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa Religions, 1(1), 78-85
