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Lessons Learnt about Writing Styles
Authors Name
Department and University Name
Course Number and Name
Instructor Name
Due Date
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APA Formatting Concepts
Introduction
An excellent acad ormatting of distinguished researchers and authors' works. A specific
writing style is emic paper has proper citing and f usually adopted throughout the academic
essay. The APA style is one such style. This technique is mainly used for citing sources within
the fields of social sciences and was developed by the American Physiological Association.
Personal communication
Personal communication refers to when readers cannot cite a particular work. Personal
communication comes from emails, personal interviews, online chats, unrecorded lectures,
memos, and letters (American Psychological Association, 2020, section 8.9,p.127). Because
these sources cannot be retrieved, they cannot be included in the reference list but can only
appear as an in-text citation. There are two formats used to cite personal communications in APA
style; there is the narrative citation: M.Preston (personal communication, November 5, 2020) or
as a parenthetical citation :( M.Preston, November 5, 2020)
Importance of heading and structures
When writing an academic paper, it is highly recommended that one uses headings.
Headings provide structure when writing, and it guides the reader by indicating what content
comes next. There are five headings in the APA format; however, they are not necessarily used
(American Psychological Association, 2020 pp.94-95). The number of headers used in any
academic paper is determined by the research paper's length and complexity or essay.
The meaning of DOI and its importance
DOI is a system developed by international publishers to identify and manage
information on digital platforms (American Psychological Association, 2020, section
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10.1,p.114). The full meaning of DOI is the Digital Object Identifier. This system is used as a
guide when citing publications and also provides links that can be used by scientific
communities.
Resources found in the Jerry Falwell library
The Jerry Falwell library collection includes both physical and electronic resources. The
library has over 400,000 physical material, over 500 databases, and more than 90,000 electronic
resources. To obtain materials from other libraries across the United States, one can access the
service through their interlibrary loan service (“Frequently Asked Questions | Jerry Falwell
Library,” n.d.). As a member of the Center for Research Studies, They have unlimited access to
vast resources from other universities, independent research libraries, and colleges.
Three Ways to Source for Scholarly Articles
The Directory of Open Access Journals
DOAJ is a digital platform that provides access to many scholarly articles free of charge.
The repository contains academic and scientific journals covering various fields and languages
(American Psychological Association, 2020). The digital platform allows for the downloading
and printing of full texts without any costs.
Google Scholar
Google Scholar is a digital platform created by Google to aid in search of journals online.
It contains a vast pool of scholarly resources (American Psychological Association, 2020).
However, one of its limitations is that the platform does not list the journals according to
disciplines or topics, making it difficult to navigate; however, it's a useful tool to access many
resources.
Government websites
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Research government websites and documents are considered authoritative and factual
information sources (American Psychology Association,2020). Many articles and documents that
are found on government websites are usually peer-reviewed.
APA Citation Guide
Religious and Classical Works
When citing religious and classical works, reference list entries are not required since the
works are widely known, and therefore, only an in-text citation is needed.
( Job 13:4, King James Version)
A Text Book
When citing a book, the in-text citation should show the author's last name, year, and, if
applicable, page number(American Psychological Association, 2020, section 10.2,p.114).
However, one starts with the author's last name and initials on the reference list, followed by the
book title, including any other contributions and edition specified.
Depoy, E, & Gitlin, l. (2019). Introduction To Research (6th ed., pp. 1–417). Evolve. (Depoy &
Gitlin,2019)
An Unpublished Manuscript
In many cases, such materials are usually part of the course pack. Therefore they should
be treated like an anthology and presumed to have been published at the university(American
Psychological Association, 2020, section 10.6,p.130). The compilation title should be whatever
is mentioned on the cover and include the course name and number.
People and Power (2020).in M. Howard (Comp), HUM201: Political Structures (PP.23-25).
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University
A Publication Manual
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When a publication manual with a known author, the author's name appears in the
reference list citation, for the in-text citation will include, author's last name and year. (American
Psychological Association, 2020, section 10.4, p.129)
American Psychological Association. (, 2020). Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association. In Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association (pp. 1–150). American Psychological Association.
Scholarly Journal Article with DOI
For a scholarly article with a DOI, one needs to provide the author's last name, year
of posting, article title, the journal's name, the DOI, the URL if applicable, and a
notation(American Psychological Association, 2020, section 10.1,p.114).
Mory, C. (2017).The Concept Of Truth: Journal of Philosophy, 1, 14-27.
https://doi.org/10.2057/000014
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Reference
American Psychological Association. (, 2020). Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association. In Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association (pp. 1–150). American Psychological Association.
Frequently Asked Questions | Jerry Falwell Library. (n.d.). Retrieved November 13, 2020, from
www.liberty.edu website: https://www.liberty.edu/library/frequently-asked-
questions/
