NUTR_641_Mod_6_Quiz__Basic_Principles_of_Carbohydrates.pdf.pdf

9/29/22, 4:45 PM

Quiz: Basic Principles of Carbohydrates: NUTR641: Nutritional Biochemistry I (B01)

https://canvas.liberty.edu/courses/318794/quizzes/1674768

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Score for this attempt: 68 out of 80 *

Submitted Sep 29 at 4:43pm

This attempt took 96 minutes.

2 / 2 pts

Question 1

3-Phosphoglycerate produced in the stroma may ultimately appear as 3-

phosphoglycerate in the cytosol. What other effects would accompany

this process?

the production of NADH in the stroma

net consumption of ATP

the production of ATP in the cytosol

Correct!

net production of ATP

the production of ATP in the stroma

2 / 2 pts

Question 2

Under what circumstance might an organism's patterns of glycosylation

NOT be altered?

development

genetic diseases

cancer

cell differentiation

All of the answers are correct.

Correct!

9/29/22, 4:45 PM

Quiz: Basic Principles of Carbohydrates: NUTR641: Nutritional Biochemistry I (B01)

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2 / 2 pts

Question 3

_____ could be used to determine human blood group type.

Lipopolysaccharides

Globoside

Correct!

Glycoproteins

Lipoproteins

Mucins

2 / 2 pts

Question 4

Which amino acid is NOT involved in coordinating magnesium in the

active site of rubisco?

Asp

Glu

His

Correct!

Lys

All of these amino acids coordinate the magnesium.

2 / 2 pts

Question 5

Polysaccharides CANNOT be used by cells:

9/29/22, 4:45 PM

Quiz: Basic Principles of Carbohydrates: NUTR641: Nutritional Biochemistry I (B01)

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as fuel storage molecules.

for structural elements in cell walls.

for structural elements in animal exoskeletons.

for the extracellular matrix in animal cells.

All of the answers are correct.

Correct!

2 / 2 pts

Question 6

Hemoglobin glycation is a process where _____ is _____ attached to

hemoglobin.

glycerol; covalently

glucose; enzymatically

glucose; nonenzymatically

Correct!

N-acetyl-galactosamine; enzymatically

galactose; nonenzymatically

2 / 2 pts

Question 7

The three subcellular organelles involved in the phosphoglycolate salvage

pathway are:

endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast, and mitochondrion.

nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and chloroplast.

golgi apparatus, chloroplast, and mitochondrion.

9/29/22, 4:45 PM

Quiz: Basic Principles of Carbohydrates: NUTR641: Nutritional Biochemistry I (B01)

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mitochondrion, peroxisome, and chloroplast.

Correct!

peroxisome, endoplasmic reticulum, and chloroplast.

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Question 8

_____ is the determination of the full component and function of sugar-

containing molecules in a cell or tissue.

Genomics

Proteomics

Glycomics

Correct!

Metabolomics

Lipidomics

2 / 2 pts

Question 9

Which statement about cellulose is TRUE?

Cellulose is the main storage polysaccharide of animal cells.

Cellulose is a highly branched polysaccharide.

Cellulose is a homopolysaccharide.

Correct!

Cellulose glucose residues contain the same configuration as

amylose glucose residues.

Cellulose cannot be broken down by invertebrate animals.

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Quiz: Basic Principles of Carbohydrates: NUTR641: Nutritional Biochemistry I (B01)

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2 / 2 pts

Question 10

Which statement about hydrogen bonding in glycogen and cellulose is

TRUE?

Glycogen forms more internal H-bonds than cellulose.

Extensive internal hydrogen bonding makes cellulose more

water soluble than glycogen.

Extensive hydrogen bonding with water makes cellulose more

soluble than glycogen.

Glycogen primarily forms hydrogen bonds within a single

chain.

Correct!

The hydrogen bonding in cellulose favors a helical

conformation.

2 / 2 pts

Question 11

Which statement is TRUE about reaction centers?

Cyanobacteria and plants have two reaction centers arranged in

tandem.

Correct!

Cyanobacteria contain a single reaction center of the Fe-S type.

Green sulfur bacteria have two reaction centers arranged in

tandem.

9/29/22, 4:45 PM

Quiz: Basic Principles of Carbohydrates: NUTR641: Nutritional Biochemistry I (B01)

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Plant photosystems have a single reaction center of the

pheophytin-quinone type.

Purple bacteria contain a single reaction center of the Fe-S type.

2 / 2 pts

Question 12

In glycoproteins, the carbohydrate moiety is always attached through the

amino acid residues:

asparagine, serine, or threonine.

Correct!

aspartate or glutamate.

glutamine or arginine.

glycine, alanine, or aspartate.

tryptophan, aspartate, or cysteine.

2 / 2 pts

Question 13

The final product that is formed by the enzyme rubisco is:

3-phosphoglycerate.

Correct!

ATP.

ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.

CO .

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Quiz: Basic Principles of Carbohydrates: NUTR641: Nutritional Biochemistry I (B01)

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2 / 2 pts

Question 14

Which compound(s) is/are a dominant feature of the outer membrane of

the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria?

amylose

cellulose

glycoproteins

lipopolysaccharides

Correct!

lipoproteins

2 / 2 pts

Question 15

Which statement is NOT true about plastids?

Most of the proteins in a plastid are encoded in nuclear genes.

Plastids are encoded by a double membrane.

Plastids are self-replicating.

Plastids contain a small circular genome.

The inner membrane of plastids is permeable to polar and

charged molecules.

Correct!

2 / 2 pts

Question 16

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Quiz: Basic Principles of Carbohydrates: NUTR641: Nutritional Biochemistry I (B01)

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Which statement about free glucose storage is FALSE?

Glucose is insoluble and cannot contribute to the osmotic

balance of the cell.

Correct!

Glycogen has an intracellular concentration of 0.1 M,

equivalent to a glucose concentration of 0.4 M.

The free energy difference between intra- and extracellular free

glucose would be difficult to overcome for glucose uptake by

the cell.

The concentration gradient of intra- and extracellular glucose

would be prohibitively large.

All statements are true.

2 / 2 pts

Question 17

In a(n) _____ the carbonyl group is at the end of the carbon chain, but in

a(n) _____ the carbonyl group can be at any other position.

aldose; ketose

Correct!

ketose; aldose

hexose; heptose

aldose; hexose

ketose; tetrose

9/29/22, 4:45 PM

Quiz: Basic Principles of Carbohydrates: NUTR641: Nutritional Biochemistry I (B01)

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2 / 2 pts

Question 18

The known mechanisms of activation of rubisco or of other enzymes of

the Calvin cycle during illumination do NOT include:

increased stromal pH.

light-driven entry of Mg into the stroma.

phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent protein kinase.

Correct!

phosphorylation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase.

reduction of a disulfide bridge by thioredoxin.

2 / 2 pts

Question 19

In amylose, the most stable structure is a _____, which is stabilized by

_____.

coiled helix; interchain hydrogen bonds

Correct!

coiled helix; interchain covalent branching

coiled helix; hydrogen bonds to surrounding water molecules

straight, extended chain; interchain hydrogen bonds

straight, extended chain; hydrogen bonds to surrounding water

molecules

2 / 2 pts

Question 20

9/29/22, 4:45 PM

Quiz: Basic Principles of Carbohydrates: NUTR641: Nutritional Biochemistry I (B01)

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Which statement describes shared characteristics of both oxidative

phosphorylation and photophosphorylation?

During electron transport, protons are exported across the outer

membrane.

ATP synthesis occurs in conjunction with proton translocation.

Electron transport proceeds from compounds with lower

reduction potentials than those with higher reduction potentials.

ATP synthesis occurs in conjunction with proton translocation,

and electron transport proceeds from compounds with lower

reduction potentials than those with higher reduction potentials.

Correct!

None of these statements describes shared characteristics of

both oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation.

0 / 2 pts

Question 21

Reactions from which pathway are NOT specifically needed to

synthesize carbohydrate from fatty acids in plants?

gluconeogenesis

glyoxylate pathway

You Answered

citric acid cycle

glycolate pathway

Correct Answer

All of these pathways are necessary to synthesize carbohydrates

from fatty acids.

9/29/22, 4:45 PM

Quiz: Basic Principles of Carbohydrates: NUTR641: Nutritional Biochemistry I (B01)

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2 / 2 pts

Question 22

Which compound is NOT a reducing sugar?

fructose

glucose

glyceraldehyde

ribose

sucrose

Correct!

2 / 2 pts

Question 23

Which technique is NOT commonly used to study oligosaccharide

structures?

x-ray crystallography

Correct!

matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectroscopy

(MALDI-MS)

nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)

complete chemical synthesis

oligosaccharide microarrays

2 / 2 pts

Question 24

9/29/22, 4:45 PM

Quiz: Basic Principles of Carbohydrates: NUTR641: Nutritional Biochemistry I (B01)

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Which reason is the MOST plausible for why most hexoses of living

organisms are D isomers?

D isomers are more energetically favorable.

D isomers are also used by amino acids.

Sugars must be opposite isomers from amino acids.

Evolving enzymes were made to remain with an initial

preference.

Correct!

Evolving enzymes switch preference often to find the best

isomer.

2 / 2 pts

Question 25

When forming the disaccharide maltose from two glucose

monosaccharides:

water is eliminated.

a hemiacetal is converted to an acetal.

the resulting dissacharide is no longer a reducing sugar.

water is eliminated and a hemiacetal is converted to an acetal.

Correct!

None of the answers is correct.

2 / 2 pts

Question 26

Which of the following monosaccharides is NOT an aldose?

9/29/22, 4:45 PM

Quiz: Basic Principles of Carbohydrates: NUTR641: Nutritional Biochemistry I (B01)

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erythrose

fructose

Correct!

glucose

glyceraldehyde

ribose

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Question 27

The reference compound for naming D and L isomers of sugars is:

fructose.

glucose.

glyceraldehyde.

Correct!

ribose.

sucrose.

2 / 2 pts

Question 28

When transketolase acts on fructose 6-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-

phosphate, the products are:

3-phosphoglycerate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.

3-phosphoglycerate and two molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-

phosphate.

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Quiz: Basic Principles of Carbohydrates: NUTR641: Nutritional Biochemistry I (B01)

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dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate.

xylulose 5-phosphate and erythrose 4-phosphate.

Correct!

xylulose 5-phosphate and ribose 5-phosphate.

2 / 2 pts

Question 29

How is the enzyme ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase regulated in plants?

It is activated by both inorganic phosphate and 3-

phosphoglycerate.

It is activated by inorganic phosphate and unaffected by 3-

phosphoglycerate.

It is activated by inorganic phosphate and inhibited by 3-

phosphoglycerate.

It is inhibited by both inorganic phosphate and 3-

phosphoglycerate.

It is inhibited by inorganic phosphate and activated by 3-

phosphoglycerate.

Correct!

2 / 2 pts

Question 30

Oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation do NOT share:

chlorophyll.

Correct!

9/29/22, 4:45 PM

Quiz: Basic Principles of Carbohydrates: NUTR641: Nutritional Biochemistry I (B01)

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involvement of cytochromes.

participation of quinones.

proton pumping across a membrane to create electrochemical

potential.

use of iron-sulfur proteins.

2 / 2 pts

Question 31

Which glycosaminoglycan is found in the synovial fluid of joints?

chondroitin sulfate

dermatan sulfate

hyaluronan

Correct!

keratin sulfate

heparan sulfate

2 / 2 pts

Question 32

When two carbohydrates are epimers:

one is a pyranose, the other a furanose.

one is an aldose, the other a ketose.

they differ in length by one carbon.

9/29/22, 4:45 PM

Quiz: Basic Principles of Carbohydrates: NUTR641: Nutritional Biochemistry I (B01)

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they differ only in the configuration around one carbon atom.

Correct!

they rotate plane-polarized light in the same direction.

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Question 33

Transketolase requires the coenzyme:

cobalamin (vitamin B ).

lipoic acid

pyridoxal phosphate.

tetrahydrofolic acid.

thiamine pyrophosphate.

Correct!

2 / 2 pts

Question 34

Which statement is NOT a reason that it is difficult to study

oligosaccharide composition from biological systems?

Oligosaccharides are often branched.

Oligosaccharides often have a high negative charge density.

Oligosaccharides have a variety of linkages (e.g., α1 6 or β1

4).

Oligosaccharides have too much conformational flexibility.

Correct!

9/29/22, 4:45 PM

Quiz: Basic Principles of Carbohydrates: NUTR641: Nutritional Biochemistry I (B01)

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There are no specific glycosidase enzymes that can be used to

selectively digest oligosaccharides.

2 / 2 pts

Question 35

A solution of the heteropolysaccharide _____ can be heated and cooled to

form a three-dimensional matrix that traps water and supports the

electrophoretic separation of nucleic acids.

dextrose

agarose

Correct!

glycosaminoglycans

amylose

cellulose

Not yet graded / 5 pts

Question 36

Your Answer:

The primary amino group of hemoglobin can react with glucose to form

products that, downstream, generate advanced glycation end products

(AGEs). Briefly explain why these AGEs are a problem in people with

diabetes.

AGE's are harmful compounds that form when protiens and fat combine

with sugar in the bloodstream through a process called gylcation. AGEs

can accumulate over time when too many are consumed, or they formed

spontaneously and the body cannot keep up with eliminating them. High

levels of AGEs can cause oxidative stress and inflammation, eventually

leading to heart disease, kidney failure, premature aging, and Alzheimers.

High levels of chronic inflammation damages organs. Those with diabetes

are at a higher risk because they produce AGEs faster, which raises the

risk of build up of AGEs.

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Quiz: Basic Principles of Carbohydrates: NUTR641: Nutritional Biochemistry I (B01)

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Not yet graded / 5 pts

Question 37

Your Answer:

Carbon dioxide has two important roles in the rubisco active site. What

are these roles, and how do they differ from each other?

Rubisco is the main contributor to the conversion of gaseous carbon

dioxide into biomass. It is an enzyme involved in the first major step of

carbon fixation. Aerobic lifeforms derive their carbon through an

autotrophic/photosytheetic route using CO2 as a carbon source, rubisco

helps to accomplish this task by incorportating CO2 into ribulose1, 5-

bisphosphate and phospho-sugar. The incorportaion of CO2 into RuBP

generates two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerte. RuBisCO does NOT have

a fully functional active site, it must be activated by a CO2 molecule.

Quiz Score: 68 out of 80

NUTR_641_Mod_6_Quiz__Basic_Principles_of_Carbohydrates.pdf.pdf

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