Physiology and
Pathophysiology
Presented By: Student Name
Date
Introduction
PHYSIOLOGY and PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
A confluence of pathology and
physiology is the study of aberrant
physiological processes that cause,
develop from, or are connected to
illness or injury.
•PATHOPHYSIOLOGY is the study of the
abnormal physiological processes that produce,
arise from, or are somehow connected with a
disease or damage. It is a fusion of pathology
and physiology.
Cellular and Genetic Environment
Cell Biology - Biological study of the
composition, operation, and behavior of cells is
known as cell biology or cytology. Cells make up
every living thing. The fundamental building
block of life, a cell is what keeps organisms alive
and keeps them operating properly.
Cell Metabolism
there are numerous pathways are involved in cell
metabolism, which is required for the cell to
produce the energy it needs to survive.
Body Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
BODY FLUIDS
•According to several studies, up to 75% of
people in our country may be chronically and
unknowingly dehydrated. cells cannot perform
at their optimum when they lack the
electrolytes or water that they require.
•ELECTROLYTE BALANCE
•As a result, the human body has three seas to
aid in keeping the fluid and electrolyte balance
at equilibrium.
those inside the cells
those outside the cells
The blood Stream
Acid - Base Balance
•The amount of acids or bases in human blood
that is optimal for your body's functioning is
known as the pH balance, also known as the
chemical balance.
•A decent balance of alkalinity or acidity is
something that the human body is designed to
maintain on its own. This procedure heavily
involves the kidneys and lungs.
•On a scale from zero to fourteen, where 0 will
be the most acidity and 14 is the most basic, a
normal blood pH level is between 7.3 0and
7.40 (Seifter, 2019).
•This number may slightly change either way.
Genes and Genetics
•chromosomes hold the blueprint for the
body - your DNA. A copy of this
blueprint is present in almost all cell in
the human body; it is typically kept in the
nucleus, an unique sac within the cell.
•Deoxyribonucleic acid, which is a
chemical, is found in the form of long
strands in chromosomes (DNA).Like a
string of letters stretched along either
edge, genes like this.
HOMEOSTASIS
Homeostasis is an auto process that
assists biological systems in remaining
stable whilst responding to external
influences that are beneficial to life.
Homeostatic control encompasses all
techniques of collaboration and
functional management, whether
controlled by circuitry or neurologic
and hormonal mechanisms.
BODY'S RESPONSE TO STRESS
AND CORRECTION.
•Stress is a common bodily reaction to
situations that make you feel in danger
or under strain. Small amounts of stress
can keep you awake, attentive, and
focused, but when stress becomes
excessive, it can harm your health and
wellbeing.
•The nervous system reacts to a threat by
producing hormones such as adrenaline,
two stress hormones, into your body.
These hormones alert the body to take
action in an emergency (Ivanov et al.,
2019).
CONCLUSION
•In conclusion, everyone, not just doctors and scientists, would benefit
from grasping certain fundamental physiological ideas since physiology
gives an explanation of life. However, you must first comprehend
physiology in order to discover how it relates to daily living.
•Physiology studies of how living things work in both health and disease.
•Physiologists research processes that may occur on a microscopic level,
such as in atoms or single cells, or on a larger scale, such as in complete
animals like humans.
•Physiological study has led to improvements in our knowledge of how
humans move, reproduce, acquire and lose some weight, live, flourish,
perish and much more. Because of this, doctors and other healthcare
professionals who see people and cure diseases must have a solid
understanding of physiology.
references
•Indekeu, A., & Hens, K. (2019). Part Of My Story. The Meaning And Experiences Of Genes And Genetics For Sperm Donor-
conceived Offspring. New Genetics and Society, 38(1), 18-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/14636778.2018.1549476
•Ivanov, P., Kedersha, N., & Anderson, P. (2019). Stress Granules and Processing Bodies In Translational Control. Cold
Spring Harbor perspectives in biology, 11(5), a032813.
https://cshperspectives.cshlp.org/content/11/5/a032813.full.pdf
•Kuriakose, D., & Xiao, Z. (2020). Pathophysiology And Treatment Of Stroke: Present Status and Future
Perspectives. International journal of molecular sciences, 21(20), 7609. https://www.mdpi.com/1422-
0067/21/20/7609/pdf
•Maffei, M. E. (2020). 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP): Natural Occurrence, Analysis, Biosynthesis, Biotechnology, Physiology And
Toxicology. International journal of molecular sciences, 22(1), 181. https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/1/181/pdf
•Segar, J. L., Balapattabi, K., Reho, J. J., Grobe, C. C., Burnett, C. M., & Grobe, J. L. (2021). Fluid And Electrolyte
Homeostasis: Quantification Of Body Fluid Compartmentalization By Combined Time-domain Nuclear Magnetic Resonance And
Bioimpedance Spectroscopy. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative a nd Comparative
Physiology, 320(1), R44. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00227.2020
•Seifter, J. L. (2019, July). Body Fluid Compartments, Cell Membrane Ion Transport, Electrolyte Concentrations, And Acid-base
Balance. In Seminars in Nephrology (Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 368-379). WB Saunders.
•Tyson, J. J., & Novak, B. (2020). A Dynamical Paradigm for Molecular Cell Biology. Trends in Cell Biology, 30(7), 504-515.
A Dynamical Paradigm for Molecular Cell Biology - PMC (nih.gov)
