Question 1
Which of the following is true?
Selected
Answer:
b.
Patent protection applies to inventions.
Response
Feedback: Copyright and patent are two different concepts. Copyright applies to the
authors of original works. Patent protects the invention of an inventor.
Question 2
2 out of 2 points
International Classification of Nursing Practice is a:
Selected
Answer:
a.
unified nursing language system into which nursing terminologies can
be cross-mapped.
Response
Feedback: The ICNP is a unified nursing language system into which nursing
terminologies can be cross-mapped.
Question 3
2 out of 2 points
The NIC system includes:
Selected
Answer:
b.
interventions for illness prevention.
Response
Feedback: The NIC system includes interventions for illness
prevention.
Question 4
2 out of 2 points
In a software license, a “response” to a user problem:
Selected
Answer:
d.
may, completely legally, never be forthcoming.
Response
Feedback
:
An HCO should be extremely careful about the wording of the license
with regard to vendor response to a user problem. “Response” does not
mean “solution”—it means simply response. The time allowed for a
response can vary widely. And the nature of the response can vary
depending on the problem’s severity. If the HCO is not diligent, it is fully
possible for a license to be written so that a vendor does not legally need
to respond to a number of problems that arise.
Question 5
2 out of 2 points
The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) is
best described as:
Selected
Answer:
d.
the principal federal entity charged with coordination of nationwide efforts
to implement and use the most advanced health information technology
and the electronic exchange of health information.
Response
Feedback: The ONC is described as the principal federal entity charged with
coordination of nationwide efforts to implement and use the most
advanced health information technology and the electronic exchange of
health information.
Question 6
2 out of 2 points
If an unplanned total network outage occurs with all systems affected during the
week at 1300 hours and there is no estimated time to recovery announced, which
downtime level should be assigned?
Selected
Answer:
c.
Level 4
Response
Feedback: Unplanned outage of all systems and the network at the busiest time for
the business and patient care is the highest risk outage for an
organization, or level 4. Levels 1, 2, and 3 are all lower risk than level 4
in this scenario.
Question 7
2 out of 2 points
The FDA has announced that it will require premarket approval for mHealth apps
that:
Selected
Answer:
b.
act as ECG machines.
Response
Feedback: A portable ECG machine is considered high-risk by the FDA and will
require premarket approval. All of the other selections are considered
lower risk, and the FDA will only exercise “regulatory discretion” over
them.
Question 8
2 out of 2 points
Which system is an example of an ancillary service application?
Selected
Answer:
c.
Radiology information system
Response
Feedback: The radiology information system is an ancillary service application used
for ancillary clinical patient care. PBX switchboard, e-mail, and keyless
entry systems are business applications supporting the business
operation but are not used for patient care.
Question 9
2 out of 2 points
Using SaaS:
Selected
Answer:
a.
software applications are held by a vendor and made available to
customers over a network.
Response
Feedback: SaaS stands for “Software as a Service” and is a system in which the
vendor holds the application and makes it available to customers over a
network, usually the internet.
Question 10
2 out of 2 points
Which is not a major driving force fueling the mHealth movement?
Selected
Answer:
a.
An aging society
Response
Feedback
:
mHealth’s expansion is being fueled by ever-improving tech functionality,
the consumer/patient engagement movement, and the business side of
cost savings and earning potential. An aging society, while perhaps
needing more healthcare, is not a major part of the expansion.
Question 11
2 out of 2 points
When evaluating quality and patient safety, which approach defines the framework
for Patient Safety and Quality Research Design (PSQRD)?
Selected
Answer:
b.
Quality and safety are based on organizational structure, management
and clinical processes, and their linkages to patient outcomes.
Response
Feedback
:
According to Donabedian, quality is based on organizational structure,
processes, and their linkages to patient outcomes. Consideration of
current managerial processes in place has a latent effect on patient
outcomes. The framework for PSQRD builds upon Donabedian’s
structure-process-outcome model to support evaluation of an intervention
from the preimplementation testing phase through implementation and
evaluation. In the case of a health information technology (IT)
intervention, the expanded framework supports understanding where the
health IT intervention is most likely to have an effect, within the
organizational causal chain of quality and safety events. The PSQRD
framework provides a means to categorize interventions according to
areas of the causal chain targeted.
Question 12
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following typically is considered most all-encompassing?
Selected
Answer:
a.
Portfolio management
Response
Feedback: As portfolio management involves creating and managing numerous
projects and/or programs, it is the most all-encompassing of the above.
Question 13
2 out of 2 points
When commercial software is distributed, typically:
Selected
Answer:
a.
the source code is withheld.
Response
Feedback: Generally, commercial software companies release and distribute the
executable or object code for their software but hold back the actual
source code as a trade secret.
Question 14
2 out of 2 points
You are asked to perform a heuristic evaluation of the new orders management
module of your inpatient system. You discover that the flow of the orders is different
than the way providers are taught in school. This is an example of:
Selected
Answer:
c.
match between system and world.
Response
Feedback: Match addresses the way health practitioners think and the design
of systems.
Question 15
2 out of 2 points
Which of these best describes an example of usability?
Selected
Answer:
d.
A researcher is conducting a study of how nurses interact with electronic
documentation to organize care handoffs.
Response
Feedback: An example of usability would be when a researcher is conducting a
study of how nurses interact with electronic documentation to organize
care handoffs. The other items describe ergonomics, non-HIT workflow,
and education/training.
Question 16
2 out of 2 points
A large medical practice that specializes in cancer care is weighing the advantages
and disadvantages of implementing the most recent version of a commercial EHR or
building its own homegrown system for its office. The staff selects a commercial EHR
from a major vendor. Which factor best supports this decision?
Selected
Answer:
d.
The commercial version is considered one of the “Best of Breed”
products.
Response
Feedback
:
Commercial electronic health systems are more expensive than
homegrown systems but are also considered among the “Best of Breed”
products. A homegrown system can be certified through a Certification
Commission for Healthcare Information Technology (CCHIT) program
called EACH. Homegrown systems are usually fully integrated using a
common database and are not interfaced with other dissimilar
applications.
Question 17
0 out of 2 points
As organizations mature over time in their use of data science, they progress from
what to what?
Selected
Answer:
a.
Data mining; knowledge discovery
Response
Feedback: In its initial forays, an organization typically begins by looking back at the
data it’s collected, through retrospective (or exploratory data) analyses. It
then gradually moves up the scale of difficulty toward prescriptive
analytics.
Question 18
2 out of 2 points
The culture of the patient-clinician partnership always includes:
Selected
Answer:
b.
ePatients and clinicians working in collaboration toward shared goals.
Response
Feedback
:
The culture of the patient-clinician partnership always includes ePatients
and clinicians working in collaboration toward shared goals. The Patient
Protection and Affordable Care Act does not require patient-clinician
partnerships. Guided discovery may be used in a patient-clinician
partnership, but not always. Technology specialists and social media
activists are not part of the patient-clinician partnership.
Question 19
2 out of 2 points
Current research shows the lowest quality, or most limited, evidence for the
usefulness of mHealth in:
Selected
Answer:
b.
managing asthma outcomes.
Response
Feedback
:
The evidence for mHealth continues to grow, and there is now high-
quality, or at least moderate-quality, evidence for the effectiveness of
mHealth in supporting smoking cessation and adhering to immunization
and other medicinal schedules. Evidence is currently low for its
usefulness in managing asthma.
Question 20
2 out of 2 points
The Kaiser Permanente PHR mobile app lets users do all of the following EXCEPT:
Selected
Answer:
d.
participate in telemedicine.
Response
Feedback: KP’s mobile app allows users to refill prescriptions, schedule or cancel
an appointment, e-mail their physicians, and even access lab results.
However, the app does not yet allow for the actual performance of
telemedicine.
Question 21
2 out of 2 points
In a license agreement, the questions of who the users are, whether software can be
distributed, and the number of copies that can be run all fall under the category of:
Selected
Answer:
b.
scope.
Response
Feedback
:
Scope is a wide umbrella term in license agreements. It can be
subdivided into “Who are the users?” “rights,” “restrictions and license
metrics” (in other words, whether or not the software can be distributed),
“number of copies,” and “environments and instances.”
Question 22
2 out of 2 points
A health analytics professional must be skilled in all of the following except:
Selected
Answer:
a.
management and economics.
Response
Feedback
:
A health analytics professional must have wide skills, from knowledge of
healthcare operations, to understanding computer hacking and
programming enough to be able to manipulate data, to understanding
mathematics and statistics. He or she, however, does not generally need
management or economics training.
Question 23
2 out of 2 points
Which organization recognizes nursing terminologies as supporting nursing practice?
Selected
Answer:
b.
American Nurses Association (ANA)
Response
Feedback: The organization that recognizes nursing terminologies as supporting
nursing practice is the American Nurses Association.
Question 24
2 out of 2 points
Which of these best describes participatory medicine?
Selected
Answer:
c.
Cooperative care model
Response
Feedback
:
Participatory medicine is described as a cooperative model of healthcare
that encourages and expects active involvement by all connected parties,
including patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals, as integral
to the full continuum of care. Integrated care focuses on coordinating
care between the healthcare disciplines. Authoritative care is paternalistic
and does not include the patient in the decision making process.
Community care focuses on coordinating care across resources found in
the community where the patient resides.
Question 25
2 out of 2 points
Your team is working on a mobile health (mHealth) device for diabetics to track their
glucose levels, insulin, and preventive care appointments. They have just created the
very first prototype, based on their understanding of the requirements. You want to
assess, fairly informally, whether the application includes the appropriate content for
users (consumers). You plan to ask patients from an ambulatory clinic to participate.
The kind of test you would plan is a(n):
Selected
Answer:
c.
formative test.
Response
Feedback: The type of test that is appropriate is a formative test, a fairly informal
test done early in the life cycle to assess the effectiveness of emerging
design concepts.
Question 26
2 out of 2 points
You are part of a knowledge management team that is interested in improving the
user experience for your organization. The team members know you have taken a
course in informatics and ask your advice about how to get started with usability in
the organization. You recommend:
Selected
Answer:
d.
examining the support call lists and system change requests.
Response
Feedback: The first step is to understand the key users’ issues, and support call
lists and change requests would give that information.
Question 27
2 out of 2 points
Which activity or intervention should be avoided when implementing an EHR
system?
Selected
Answer:
d.
Building a large number of aliases for orders and alerts for select
clinical scenarios
Response
Feedback: Physicians will count clicks and do not want to be stopped during order
entry unless it is necessary. An overuse of alerts will cause alert
fatigue.
Question 28
2 out of 2 points
Which redundant EHR application is critical to avoid disrupting nurses’ care of
patients during downtime?
Selected
Answer:
d.
CPOE and the MAR (medication administration
record)
Response
Feedback: CPOE and the MAR are crucial to nurses’ care of patients. The billing
system, registration system, and SAN support other operational
functions.
Question 29
2 out of 2 points
The most commonly used functions of personal health records are:
Selected a.
Answer: viewing test results and medication refills.
Response
Feedback: The most commonly used functions of PHRs are viewing test results
and medication refills. The other choices are PHR functions that are
less commonly used.
Question 30
2 out of 2 points
A case manager wants to communicate with her clients on a regular basis by
sending short messages that encourage health promotion tips. The tool best suited
for this task is:
Selected
Answer:
c.
microblogging.
Response
Feedback: Clients may benefit from short, directed messages; thus microblogging
(a form of short messages) is the most appropriate. The other choices
(Facebook, e-mail, and Second Life) are not appropriate for sending
short messages.
Question 31
2 out of 2 points
All of the following are among the three biggest mHealth challenges identified by
experts in the U.S. except:
Selected
Answer:
d.
interoperability.
Response
Feedback: Interoperability is a noted challenge with mHealth apps and software,
but it is not among the top three concerns of U.S. experts.
Question 32
2 out of 2 points
An ePatient is best described as one who:
Selected
Answer:
b.
seeks health information from various sources and uses the information
for decision making with health providers.
Response
Feedback
:
Someone who seeks health information from various sources and uses
the information for decision making with health providers is inclusive of
all types of ePatients. Not all ePatients use biosensors, nor do they all
write blogs. ePatients collaborate with their provider to arrive at a
decision.
Question 33
2 out of 2 points
Which activity or intervention is the least helpful to the success of an EHR
implementation?
Selected
Answer:
a.
Schedule the go-live date for a Monday when everyone is fresh for the
new workweek.
Response
Feedback: It is best to avoid Monday or Friday as the go-live date, because the
healthcare clinic may be at its busiest and vendor support personnel
may be less available.
Question 34
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following shows three elements of the SLC as given in the chapter, in
the correct order from earliest to latest?
Selected
Answer:
c.
Plan, test, evolve
Response
Feedback: The SLC as given in the chapter consists of the following steps in order:
analyze, plan, develop or purchase, test, implement, maintain/evolve,
evaluate, and return to analyze.
Question 35
2 out of 2 points
Which example constitutes an internal security event?
Selected
Answer:
c.
A system administrator installed a new server without any security
measures.
Response
Feedback: Internal events are those perpetrated (usually accidentally) by people
within an institution. A system administrator not taking proper security
measures would be an example of this. The remaining examples are all
external events.
Question 36
2 out of 2 points
Healthcare providers should friend patients only if:
Selected
Answer:
a.
they understand their social media policy at work.
Response
Feedback: There is no law prohibiting friending patients. Professional guidelines
and social media policies should outline the instances when friending is
possible.
Question 37
2 out of 2 points
Which is an example of healthcare IT physical infrastructure?
Selected
Answer:
b.
Biomedical devices
Response
Feedback: PACS, data warehouses, and anesthesia systems are all IT
infrastructure; only biomedical devices are part of an IT system’s
physical infrastructure.
Question 38
2 out of 2 points
One trend that is influencing healthcare reform is:
Selected
Answer:
c.
disruptive technology.
Response
Feedback
:
Disruptive technology and trends have dramatically altered the way in
which we communicate with one another. The internet and now mobile
devices, both disruptive technologies, are now major drivers in the new
ways Americans connect with one another and access and disseminate
information.
Question 39
2 out of 2 points
National efforts to improve the user experience are under way in the United States.
One organization involved with this effort is the:
Selected
Answer:
a.
National Institute of Standards and Technology.
Response
Feedback
:
An organization involved in national efforts to improve the user
experience is the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The
Office of Technology and Disasters, American Nurses Association, and
National League for Nursing are not involved with the user experience.
Question 40
2 out of 2 points
In the future, social media in healthcare is likely to be:
Selected
Answer:
a.
widely used and deeply integrated.
Response
Feedback: Social media’s reach continues to expand, even to areas and
demographics traditionally underserved. Social media is already deeply
integrated into the “tapestry” of healthcare, and is likely to continue to be
increasingly so.
Question 41
2 out of 2 points
What is the primary reason to back up data entered into electronic health records?
Selected
Answer:
c.
In the event of a system failure, the EHR system can be recovered
with accurate data.
Response
Feedback
:
The key reason is that if a system fails and data is lost or data integrity is
in question, available backups allow the system to be recovered with
accurate and complete data. The work of physicians, billing, and the
interface engine all depend on a complete and accurate recovered
system but are single functions rather than the overarching, key reason
to do complete backups.
Question 42
2 out of 2 points
What is the difference between the safe harbor and expert determination methods of
de-identifying data?
Selected
Answer:
a.
The safe harbor method involves removal of 18 types of identifiers, and
the expert determination method involves the application of statistical or
scientific models.
Response
Feedback: The safe harbor method involves removal of 18 types of identifiers, and
the expert determination method involves the application of statistical or
scientific models to de-identify data. None of the other options accurately
describes these two methods.
Question 43
2 out of 2 points
ICD-9 and ICD-10 are examples of which category of terminology?
Selected
Answer:
d.
Billing code
Response
Feedback: ICD-9 and ICD-10 are examples of billing codes—codes used for
reimbursement.
Question 44
2 out of 2 points
If the planned single system downtime is less than 1 hour in the middle of a Sunday
night, which downtime level should be assigned?
Selected
Answer:
b.
Level 1
Response
Feedback: A single system planned downtime at the least busy clinical time
creates the lowest level of downtime risk, or level 1. Levels 2, 3, and 4
are all higher risk in this scenario.
Question 45
2 out of 2 points
A quantified selfer is best described as one who:
Selected
Answer:
a.
tracks personal metrics.
Response
Feedback: A quantified selfer may or may not use the tactics of graphing data,
recording lab values, and using a sleep diary; however, all of these fall
under the umbrella of tracking personal metrics, which best describes
what it means to be a quantified selfer.
Question 46
Needs Grading
Explain the importance of an organization specific downtime risk assessment.
