lOMoARcPSD|21126671
Cardiovascular - lecture
notes
Health Assessment (Liberty
University)
lOMoARcPSD|21126671
Bara’a Shamoon
Cardiovascular
Health Assessment
Dr. Elliotte
10/16/2022
CV
1. What do the letters PMI stand for? What is PMI, what does it mean?
a. PMI stands for maximum impulse. PMI is a location where the cardiac impulse
is best palpated in the chest wall
2. Where is the PMI located in the heart and in the chest cavity?
a. It is located in the apical pulse, in the 5th intercostal to the left of the sternum
at midclavicular line
3. What are the top 2 chambers of the heart and where do they pump blood?
a. The top 2 chambers of the heart are the left and right atrium. The right atrium
pumps blood through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle and the left
atrium pumps blood through the mitral valve to the left ventricle.
4. What are the bottom 2 chambers of the heart and where do they pump blood?
a. The bottom 2 chambers are called the left ventricle and right ventricle. The right
ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonic valve to the pulmonary artery where
it delivers unoxygenated blood to the lungs. The left ventricle sends blood
through the aortic valve into the aorta where oxygenated blood is sent to the
body.
5. Describe diastole?
a. Diastole is the silent period between S2 and the next S1. Ventricles relax and
fill with blood in this phase.
6. Describe systole?
a. Systole is the silent period between S1 and S2. During systole phase,
heart contractions occur where blood is pumped from the ventricles and
fills the pulmonary and systemic arteries.
7. What are S1 and S2 heart sounds?
a. S1 is a dull, low pitched sound or “lub”. This is the first heart sound that signals
the beginning of style and occurs with closure of AV valves. S2 is a high pitched
sound like “dub”. This sound signals the end of systole and occurs with closure
of semilunar valves.
8. Name the valves and the locations of each?
a. There are four valves in the heart: tricuspid (located between the right atrium and
right ventricle), mitral ( located between left atrium and left ventricle), pulmonic
(located between right ventricle and pulmonary artery), and aortic valves (located
below the aorta near the left ventricle).
9. How is the strength, or force, of pulses measured?
a. The strength of pulses can be measured by finding the cardiac output (this is
found by multiplying the stroke volume times the number of beats per
minute).
