EXSC 320: Measurement and Evaluation in Health & Kinesiology
Exam 3 Study Guide - How to Use SPSS
How to Approach a Problem
1. Terminology
a. Relationship
i. Correlation
b. Predict
i. Regression
c. Is there a difference? Compare means, etc.
i. STEP 2
2. Determine whether it’s a between subjects (groups, at least 2) design or a
within subjects (1 group, more than 1 measure) design.
a. Between
i. 2 groups
1. Independent T Test
ii. Greater than 2 groups
1. Univariate ANOVA
b. Within (1 group)
i. 2 variables
1. Dependent T Test
ii. More than 2 variables
1. Repeated measures ANOVA
REPEATED MEASURES
“The Purpose of this study was to determine if caffeine affects heart rate during a
fixed steady state run. Subjects ran for 15 minutes at 70% of VO2max and HR was
averaged for the 15 minutes. Subjects completed a control, placebo and caffeine
trial.” (Problem 5)
●3-4 columns for data
●Analyze
●General linear model
○RM
●Number of levels - 3-4 - add
●Define
●Move variables over
●EM means
○Mov factor1 over
○Check compare main effects
●Options → descriptives
●OK
●COPY within subjects factors, descriptive statistics, and pairwise comparisons
●Look at Sig.
○A sentence comparing each one at their respective p values.
UNIVARIATE
“The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a difference in 5k running
times among male cross country runners between D1, D2, and D3 scholarshiped
athletes.” (Problem 2)
●Run times in first column, group numbers in second column
●Analyze
●General linear model
●Univariate
●Move variables
○Run/measure is dependent
○Fixed factor is group
●Post HOC
○Move group over and click on LSD → continue
●Options
○Descriptive stats
●OK
●COPY descriptive statistics and multiple comparisons
●Look at Significance
○“There was a significant difference found between D1 (MEAN and STD)
and D2 (MEAN and STD) at p=.006. There were significant differences
found between all other measures at p<.001.”
INDEPENDENT T-TEST
“The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a difference in 5k running
times among male cross country runners between D1 and D2 scholarship athletes.”
(Problem 3)
●Put all times/measures into column 1, put group #s into second column
●Analyze
●Compare means
○Independent Samples T test
●Move variables
●Move group
○Define group (1 and 2)
●OK
●COPY group statistics and independent samples t test
●Look at Significance
○“There was a sig dif bt D1 (MEAN and STD) and D2 (MEAN and STD) at p
<.001.”
REGRESSION
“The purpose of this study was to predict 5k running times from VO2max scores.
What would the 5k run time be for someone who has a 63 VO2max?” (Problem 4)
●Each in their own column
●Analyze
●Regression
○Linear
○Place variables (dependent and independent)
○Statistics → descriptives
○OK
●COPY descriptives and coefficients
●Look at B column
○Plug in “B” values - top is a, bottom is b - to y’=a+bx
○(calculate if given x value to predict)
●Just need to write out formula and calculate if needed
○Example: Y’=-.349+.499(x)
CORRELATION/BIVARIATE
“The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between 5k run
times and VO2max.” (Problem 1)
●Each in their own column
●Analyze
○Correlate
■Bivariate
●Bring over all variables
●Check Pearson
●Options
○Hit means and std deviations
○Continue
●OK
●COPY Descriptive Statistics and Correlations
●Look at Pearson Correlation
○“The correlation between 5k running times and pushups was found to
be negative and fairly low at r=-.333.”
DEPENDENT T-TEST (PAIRED SAMPLES T-TEST)
“The purpose of this study was to determine if 8 weeks of training improved the
athlete’s 1RM for squat (Pre and Post).” (Problem 6)
●One for pre, one for post
●Analyze
●Compare means
●Paired samples t-test
●Move variables over to variable 1 & 2
○OK
●COPY Paired Samples Statistics and Paired Samples Test
●Look at Sig.
○“There was a sig dif found between pre (MEAN and STD) and post
(MEAN and STD) at p <.001.”
