Running head: CURRENT PUBLIC CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE IN HEALTHCARE
Current public controversial issue in healthcare
Student Name
Course:
Instructor:
Strayer University
March 23, 2018
CURRENT PUBLIC CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE IN HEALTHCARE
Criminal Prosecution for Nursing Practice
Read the following case study and submit a essay in a Microsoft
Word document using APA 6th edition in response to the
questions.
Case Study:
Until recently, the risk of criminal prosecution for nursing practice was nonexistent unless
nursing action rose to the level of criminal intent, such as the case of euthanasia leading
to murder charges. However, in April 1997, three nurses at the Centura St. Anthony
Hospital, outside of Denver, were indicted by a Colorado grand jury for criminally
negligent homicide in the death of a newborn. Public records show that one nurse was
assigned to care for the baby. A second nurse offered to assist her colleague in caring for
the baby. A third nurse was a nurse practitioner in the hospital nursery. Because the baby
was at risk for congenital syphilis, the physician ordered that the nurses give 150,000
units of intramuscular penicillin, which would have required five separate injections.
In relation to other problems the same day, the baby was subjected to a lumbar puncture,
which required six painful attempts. To avoid inflicting further pain, nurse two asked the
nurse practitioner whether there was another route available for the administration of the
penicillin. Nurse two and the nurse practitioner searched recognized pharmacology
references and determined that intravenous administration would be acceptable. The
nurse practitioner had the authority to change the route and directed nurse two to
administer the medication intravenously rather than intramuscularly. Unrecognized by the
nurses, the pharmacy erroneously delivered the medication, prepared and ready to
administer, in a dose ten times greater than was ordered—1.5 million units. As nurse two
was administering the medication intravenously, the baby died. The Colorado Board of
Nursing initiated disciplinary proceedings against nurse two and the nurse practitioner,
but not against nurse one. The grand jury indicted all three nurses on charges of
criminally negligent homicide but did not indict the pharmacist (Calfee & Plum, 1997).
Respond to the following:
CURRENT PUBLIC CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE IN HEALTHCARE
Identify what emotions are evoked as you consider the Colorado
Board of Nursing case stated above?
Should the courts take into consideration the fact that the nurses'
error occurred because they wanted to avoid causing the baby
unnecessary pain? Discuss your thinking.
Can you think of other occupations in which the consequences of
unintentional errors have greater legal implications? Discuss your
answer.
How should the nursing profession respond to this frightening new
legal threat?
Which sections of the State Nurse Practice Act did the nurses violate?
Submission Details:
Support your responses with examples.
Cite any sources in APA format.
Identify what emotions are evoked as you consider the Colorado Board of Nursing case
stated above?
There may be a number of emotions associated with this, as I consider the Colorado nursing
board case mentioned earlier. It's up to your own values, experiences and points of view to
determine these emotions. In addition, some of the feelings that can be invoked include:
In this case, study evokes the feelings of both surprise and pity for the child who undeservedly
dies in the hands of irresponsible nurses. The child died an undeserved and painful death simply
because of the errors of the very professional to whom his or her life and safety were entrusted
to.
Title: Criminal Indictment for Nursing Hone: Analyzing the Colorado Board of Nursing Case
Presentation:
The case of three medical attendants prosecuted for criminally careless crime within the passing
of a infant at Centura St. Anthony Healing center has brought to light the issue of criminal
indictment in nursing hone. Customarily, criminal charges against medical caretakers were
uncommon and ordinarily saved for cases including deliberateness hurt, such as willful
extermination driving to kill charges. Be that as it may, this case challenges the boundaries of
criminal obligation for medical attendants and raises different feelings and concerns among
healthcare experts and the open. This exposition digs into the feelings evoked when considering
the Colorado Board of Nursing case and investigates the complexities encompassing criminal
arraignment in nursing hone.
CURRENT PUBLIC CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE IN HEALTHCARE
Feelings Evoked:
Stun and Incredulity:
The circumstances encompassing the newborn's passing and the ensuing arraignment of the
medical caretakers are without a doubt stunning. Healthcare professionals enter the field to
supply care and back, and the thought of confronting criminal charges for inadvertent botches is
unsettling. The unforeseen nature of the result may take off numerous feeling puzzled and
addressing the equity of such arraignments.
Sensitivity and Sorrow:
The misfortune of a infant may be a profoundly awful occasion, and it is likely to inspire
sentiments of sympathy and distress for the family who persevered this destroying misfortune.
Also, the medical attendants included within the case may moreover be met with compassion, as
they must hook with the passionate burden of being inadvertently included within the patient's
passing.
Outrage and Disappointment:
The case may prompt sentiments of outrage and dissatisfaction among healthcare experts and the
open alike. A few may accept that criminal arraignment is an improper reaction to an unexpected
therapeutic blunder. Instep, they may contend for a center on making strides persistent security
and healthcare conventions to avoid comparable occurrences within the future.
Compassion and Understanding:
The choices made by the medical caretakers included were likely rooted in their devotion to
persistent care and dodging extra torment for the child. Numerous may empathize with their bind
and the challenges they confronted whereas attempting to follow to therapeutic orders and give
compassionate care.
Concern and Reflection:
The Colorado Board of Nursing case raises concerns almost persistent security and the
complexities of therapeutic decision-making. It prompts reflection on the fine line between
criminal carelessness and therapeutic mistake, encouraging healthcare experts to be watchful in
their hone whereas moreover considering the potential results of their activities.
Distress and Instability:
Given the complex nature of the case, inconvenience and vulnerability are normal enthusiastic
reactions. The complexities of healthcare decision-making and the plausibility of legitimate
repercussions may make unease for both healthcare suppliers and patients.
A Sense of Treachery:
There may be recognition of bad form among a few people who accept that the medical
caretakers were not exclusively mindful for the newborn's passing. The inclusion of the
CURRENT PUBLIC CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE IN HEALTHCARE
pharmacy's pharmaceutical blunder maylead to questions almost the reasonable dissemination of
obligation and the require for comprehensive examinations in such cases.
Conclusion:
The Colorado Board of Nursing case has evoked a extend of feelings among healthcare experts
and the open. Whereas compassion and sensitivity are coordinated towards the appalling
misfortune of a infant and the medical caretakers included, there's moreover concern
approximately the suggestions of criminal arraignment in nursing hone. Striking a adjust
between responsibility for therapeutic blunders and advancing a culture of learning and
advancement is vital to guarantee understanding security and back the well-being of healthcare
suppliers. Collaborative endeavors to progress conventions, communication, and medicine
security ought to be prioritized to avoid comparable occurrences and secure both patients and
healthcare experts.
Should the courts take into consideration the fact that the nurses' error occurred because
they wanted to avoid causing the baby unnecessary pain? Discuss your thinking.
Yes, the courts ought to take into thought the reality that the nurses' mistake happened since they
needed to maintain a strategic distance from causing the child superfluous torment. This angle of
the case reflects the nurses' eagerly to supply compassionate care and their concern for the well-
being of the infant. Considering their veritable inspiration to anticipate advance enduring for the
infant is vital in understanding the setting of the mistake and assessing their culpability.
When analyzing the activities of the medical caretakers, it is fundamental to recognize that they
were endeavoring to take after restorative orders whereas moreover illustrating compassion
towards their understanding. The choice to look for an elective course for medicine organization
was driven by their want to play down the baby's torment, a characteristic intuitive that adjusts
with the center values of nursing practice. Their eagerly were established in giving the most
excellent conceivable care for the infant, and this ought to be taken into consideration when
evaluating their activities and potential obligation.
In complex healthcare settings, restorative choices are regularly made beneath time imperatives,
and circumstances can be erratic. Whereas the blunder in regulating the medicine intravenously
may have driven to the disastrous result, it ought to be famous that their purposeful was not to
cause hurt but to ease torment. This illustrates a degree of duty and commitment to quiet well-
being.
Besides, the truth that the drug store conveyed the pharmaceutical at a measurements essentially
higher than what was requested highlights the nearness of other contributing components to the
catastrophe. The court ought to carefully consider the part of the pharmacy's blunder and its
effect on the nurses' activities, because it may moderate their degree of duty.
The case underscores the complexities of healthcare decision-making, particularly in basic
circumstances where speedy judgments are vital. Courts ought to recognize that healthcare
experts regularly confront challenging scenarios with no clear-cut arrangements. Understanding
the nurses' eagerly and inspirations can give profitable setting for the court to survey the degree
of carelessness, on the off chance that any, and to decide the fittingness of criminal indictment.
It is vital for the court to strike a adjust between responsibility and compassion in such cases.
Whereas it is essential to maintain proficient benchmarks and guarantee persistent security, an
excessively corrective approach may dishearten healthcare experts from taking calculated
dangers to advantage their patients within the future. Empowering a culture of learning from
CURRENT PUBLIC CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE IN HEALTHCARE
botches and advancing an open talk almost persistent security measures can lead to more viable
enhancements in healthcare hones.
In conclusion, the courts ought to consider the nurses' eagerly to maintain a strategic distance
from causing pointless torment to the child when assessing their mistake. Recognizing their
honest to goodness concern for quiet well-being can give important setting in understanding the
complexities of healthcare decision-making. Striking a adjust between responsibility and
sympathy is basic to back healthcare experts and advance a more secure healthcare environment
for patients.
let's dive more profound into the components that the courts ought to consider when assessing
the nurses' mistake within the Colorado Board of Nursing case:
Standard of Care:
One basic viewpoint in evaluating the nurses' activities is to decide whether they followed to the
standard of care anticipated of healthcare experts in comparable circumstances. The court ought
to consider whether their choice to manage the medicine intravenously was sensible and adjusted
with recognized pharmacology references. In case it is decided that their activities were in line
with acknowledged benchmarks, it may moderate their potential obligation.
Restorative Conventions and Rules:
Courts ought to look at the hospital's conventions and rules for medicine organization and the
specialist allowed to the nurture professional. In the event that the healing center had well-
established methods for taking care of pharmaceutical blunders or changing medicine courses
based on proficient judgment, this data gets to be important in assessing the nurses' decision-
making prepare.
Drug store Mistake:
The part of the pharmacy's mistake in conveying the medicine at a ten times higher dosage than
endorsed ought to be altogether explored. On the off chance that the medical caretakers had no
information of the inaccurate measurement and were acting in great confidence based on the
pharmaceutical they gotten, this would be pivotal data for the court to consider in deciding their
level of carelessness.
The "Protect" Ethic:
The concept of the "protect" ethic in healthcare emphasizes the foremost obligation of healthcare
experts to ensure and preserve life. In this case, the nurses' choice to manage the medicine
intravenously to maintain a strategic distance from causing the infant encourage torment adjusts
with this moral rule. Courts ought to consider whether the medical attendants were endeavoring
to prioritize the baby's consolation and quality of life in their activities.
Proficient Judgment:
Medical caretakers regularly confront complex circumstances where they must work out
proficient judgment. Courts ought to assess whether the medical caretakers made a well-
informed choice based on their information, preparing, and involvement. If their actions were
driven by their evaluation of the circumstance and the most excellent interface of the quiet, this
ought to be taken into consideration when deciding carelessness.
Regulation Variables:
Courts ought to moreover look at the hospital's work environment, staffing levels, and assets
accessible at the time of the occurrence. On the off chance that any systemic issues contributed
CURRENT PUBLIC CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE IN HEALTHCARE
to the blunder or prevented the medical attendants from carrying out their obligations
successfully, it may be pertinent in surveying their culpability.
Effect on the Medical attendants:
The enthusiastic and mental effect on the medical caretakers themselves ought to not be
neglected. Confronting criminal charges and being included in a patient's passing can have
extreme results on their well-being and proficient life. Considering the nurses' passionate state
and eagerly to supply compassionate care may give a more comprehensive understanding of the
case.
Master Declaration:
Master witnesses can give profitable experiences into the complexities of nursing hone and
pharmaceutical organization. Their declaration can offer assistance the court get a handle on the
complexities of the circumstance and the different variables that affected the nurses' choices.
In conclusion, the court's assessment of the nurses' blunder ought to be comprehensive and
consider various elements, counting the standard of care, therapeutic conventions, the pharmacy's
blunder, the "protect" ethic, proficient judgment, organization components, affect on the medical
caretakers, and master declaration. Taking these variables under consideration will lead to a
reasonable and fair appraisal of the nurses' actions and potential risk in this appalling case. It is
fundamental to adjust responsibility with understanding and sympathy, cultivating a healthcare
framework that prioritizes quiet security whereas supporting healthcare experts in their interest
of conveying compassionate care.
Can you think of other occupations in which the consequences of unintentional errors have
greater legal implications? Discuss your answer.
Errors, whether intentional or not can be very costly and they can have dire legal implications.
Other than in the medical field, unintentional errors can have greater legal implications in
another field such as accounting, anesthesiology, architecture, and surgery. These are
professionals that require cautious and detail-oriented professionals because simple errors can
highly costly. For instance, numerous engineers have been charged with negligent designs that
fail to protect public safety when the buildings they construct collapse and kill or injure people.
There are a few occupations in which the results of inadvertent blunders can have more
prominent legitimate suggestions due to the nature of the work and the potential effect on open
security. Here are a few cases:
Aircraft Pilots:
Aircraft pilots are mindful for the secure transportation of travelers and cargo. Any inadvertent
blunder or slip by in judgment amid flight operations can have disastrous results, driving to
misfortune of life and noteworthy property harm. As a result, the flying industry has exacting
security controls, and pilots can confront criminal charges, as well as gracious claims, in the
event that their activities are regarded careless or careless. Carrier pilots are endowed with the
security of hundreds of travelers on each flight. Inadvertent blunders, such as misreading
rebellious, communication breakdowns, or procedural botches, can lead to flying mischances
with annihilating results. Due to the potential for misfortune of life and critical property harm,
the flying industry is intensely controlled, and pilots are subject to thorough preparing, repetitive
assessments, and adherence to strict security conventions. In cases of mishaps, examinations are
conducted by flying specialists and may include legitimate procedures to decide whether
carelessness or mistakes contributed to the occurrence. Pilots may confront criminal charges in
CURRENT PUBLIC CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE IN HEALTHCARE
case their activities are regarded rash or in the event that they were found to be beneath the
impact of substances influencing their execution.
Specialists and Restorative Specialists:
Healthcare experts, especially specialists, hold noteworthy duty for their patients' well-being.
Blunders amid surgeries or restorative methods can lead to genuine hurt, inability, or passing.
Therapeutic misbehavior claims may be recorded against specialists or restorative specialists on
the off chance that their activities are found to drop underneath the standard of care anticipated in
their field.
Restorative experts have a obligation to supply competent and secure care to their patients.
Inadvertent mistakes amid surgeries or restorative procedures can occur in spite of the most
excellent eagerly and preparing. Be that as it may, in the event that these mistakes result in
understanding hurt or antagonistic results, patients or their families may seek after therapeutic
misbehavior claims. Restorative negligence cases regularly include broad examinations, master
declarations, and surveys of therapeutic records to decide whether the standard of care was met.
Lawful suggestions may incorporate budgetary settlements or grants to compensate the
influenced parties, as well as disciplinary activities by restorative sheets.
Drug specialists:
Drug specialists play a pivotal part in apportioning medicines precisely and securely. Any botch
in filling medicines or giving erroneous doses can lead to hurtful sedate intuitive or unfavorable
impacts on patients. Drug specialists may confront legitimate results, counting criminal charges
and proficient disciplinary activities in case their mistakes result in extreme hurt to patients.
Drug specialists are capable for apportioning solutions precisely and giving fitting sedate data to
patients. Inadvertent mistakes, such as apportioning the off-base pharmaceutical or inaccurate
measurement, can lead to genuine hurt or indeed fatalities. Drug specialists can confront lawful
results, counting claims, proficient sanctions, and misfortune of licensure in the event that their
blunders are found to be a result of carelessness or disappointment to take after built up
conventions.
Law Requirement Officers:
Law requirement officers are endowed with maintaining the law and securing the open.
Inadvertent blunders amid the course of their obligations can lead to genuine results, such as
wrongful captures, utilize of intemperate drive, or wounds to guiltless people. In such cases,
officers may be subject to respectful claims or indeed criminal charges on the off chance that
their activities are considered to be rash or careless. Law requirement officers have the specialist
to utilize drive to maintain the law and secure the open. Be that as it may, inadvertent blunders,
such as wrongful captures or the utilize of over the top constrain, can lead to gracious rights
infringement and claims against the officers and their divisions. In high-profile cases, the
legitimate suggestions may expand to criminal charges in case offense is considered serious or
deliberateness.
Engineers:
Engineers work on ventures with critical open security suggestions, such as planning buildings,
bridges, and foundation. Inadvertent plan blemishes or blunders in calculations can result in
auxiliary disappointments and mischances, possibly driving to misfortune of life and property
harm. Engineers may confront lawful activities and proficient repercussions in case their
CURRENT PUBLIC CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE IN HEALTHCARE
mistakes are found to be a result of carelessness or a disappointment to meet industry
benchmarks. Engineers plan and direct basic foundation ventures with open security suggestions.
Inadvertent plan blemishes or blunders in calculations can lead to auxiliary disappointments or
mishaps, coming about in hurt to people and property harm. Lawful results may incorporate
examinations by administrative bodies, claims by influenced parties looking for recompense for
harms, and potential repudiation of designing licenses for proficient carelessness.
Atomic Plant Administrators:
Administrators at atomic control plants handle complex frameworks with potential disastrous
results in case misused. Indeed little blunders in reactor operations can lead to critical security
dangers and radiation presentation dangers. The legitimate suggestions for atomic plant
administrators are broad due to the tall stakes included in guaranteeing open security and
maintaining a strategic distance from natural catastrophes. Atomic plant administrators oversee
complex frameworks with potential disastrous results in the event that misused. Inadvertent
blunders in operations or security conventions can lead to radiation spills or meltdowns,
posturing critical dangers to open wellbeing and the environment. Lawful suggestions for atomic
plant administrators can include examinations by atomic administrative specialists, potential
criminal charges in the event that carelessness is set up, and extreme money related punishments
for the plant administrators or the company capable.
In each of these occupations, the legitimate consequences of inadvertent mistakes emphasize the
require for tall benchmarks of preparing, conventions, and security measures. Lawful procedures
serve to decide responsibility, maintain open security, and empower progressing advancement to
anticipate comparable mistakes within the future.
In all these occupations, the lawful suggestions of inadvertent mistakes are increased since of the
potential for serious hurt to the open and the need to preserve tall benchmarks of security and
polished skill. Lawful activities, counting criminal charges, gracious claims, and proficient
disciplinary measures, point to hold people responsible whereas moreover emphasizing the
significance of constancy and adherence to best hones to avoid future mistakes.
How should the nursing profession respond to this frightening new legal threat?
Given the frightening new lead threats such as the Colorado Board of Nursing case, it is the high
time worked on preventing nursing negligence. In order to achieve this, nurses should and must
streamline every communication breakdown and embrace the assessment and recommendation
technique (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2004). Also, the nursing profession should engage in
additional continuing education training order to enable nurses to overcome costly mistakes and
other malpractices.
In reaction to the terrifying modern legitimate danger confronted by the nursing calling, there are
a few proactive steps that the nursing community ought to consider taking:
Upgraded Instruction and Preparing: Nursing instruction programs ought to prioritize instructing
understudies approximately the lawful angles of nursing hone, counting potential liabilities and
how to moderate dangers. Nonstop proficient advancement ought to too incorporate legitimate
workshops and upgrades on important healthcare laws to keep medical caretakers educated.
Solid Promotion Endeavors: Nursing organizations and affiliations ought to advocate for
reasonable and adjusted legitimate systems that take into consideration the complexities of
healthcare decision-making. Collaborating with policymakers and lawful specialists to shape
enactment that advances persistent security whereas supporting healthcare experts is significant.
CURRENT PUBLIC CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE IN HEALTHCARE
Building up Bolster Frameworks: Healing centers and healthcare teach ought to make back
frameworks for medical attendants to explore the legitimate prepare on the off chance that they
confront legitimate challenges related to their hone. This seem incorporate legitimate help,
counseling, and peer back to reduce the passionate burden related with legitimate procedures.
Advance a Culture of Security: Healthcare organizations ought to cultivate a culture that
energizes open communication approximately therapeutic mistakes and close misses without fear
of revenge. Actualizing frameworks for detailing and analyzing blunders can offer assistance
distinguish ranges for change and avoid future episodes.
Collaboration with Lawful Specialists: Nursing pioneers ought to collaborate with lawful
specialists to superior get it the legitimate suggestions of certain nursing hones. This association
can offer assistance create rules that adjust with lawful prerequisites whereas guaranteeing
understanding security.
Supporting for Made strides Pharmaceutical Security: Nursing organizations can advocate for
improved pharmaceutical security conventions and innovation frameworks that minimize the
potential for pharmaceutical mistakes, lessening the hazard of lawful repercussions due to
medication-related occurrences.
Open Mindfulness Campaigns: Raising open mindfulness almost the complexities of healthcare
decision-making and the challenges medical caretakers confront in their day by day hone can
cultivate understanding and compassion. Open bolster can be persuasive in forming recognitions
and supporting for reasonable legitimate treatment of medical attendants.
Collaboration with Other Healthcare Callings: Collaborating with other healthcare callings, such
as doctors and drug specialists, can lead to a comprehensive approach to persistent security,
emphasizing collaboration, and shared duty.
Actualizing Quality Change Activities: Healing centers and healthcare teach ought to prioritize
quality change activities that center on avoiding blunders and making strides quiet results. This
incorporates customary reviews, root cause examination, and execution change ventures.
Locks in in Investigate: Nursing analysts can contribute to the body of information related to
nursing hone, quiet security, and lawful suggestions. Evidence-based hones and investigate
discoveries can advise nursing rules and impact lawful talks.
In conclusion, the nursing calling ought to react to the modern legitimate danger with a
comprehensive and proactive approach. By prioritizing instruction, backing, bolster frameworks,
and collaboration with lawful specialists and other healthcare experts, medical caretakers can
work towards a healthcare environment that prioritizes persistent security whereas shielding the
well-being of healthcare suppliers. This proactive position will offer assistance moderate
legitimate dangers and reinforce the profession's capacity to supply compassionate and high-
quality care to patients.
Here is more in-depth data on how the nursing calling can react to the modern legitimate risk:
Proficient Risk Protections: Nursing organizations can work with protections suppliers to offer
reasonable and comprehensive proficient obligation protections to medical attendants. This scope
can give monetary assurance for medical attendants confronting lawful challenges related to their
hone, lessening the burden of legitimate expenses and potential harms.
CURRENT PUBLIC CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE IN HEALTHCARE
Legitimate Interview Administrations: Building up lawful interview administrations inside
nursing organizations can give medical caretakers with get to to lawful exhortation and direction
when confronted with legitimate issues. These administrations can offer assistance medical
attendants get it their rights, duties, and potential lawful guards.
Obligatory Detailing of Blunders: Healthcare educate ought to embrace a approach of obligatory
detailing of mistakes and close misses. This energizes a culture of straightforwardness and
permits for a intensive examination into the root causes of blunders, driving to more compelling
quality advancement activities.
Collaboration with Lawful Researchers: Nursing schools and organizations can collaborate with
lawful researchers to conduct investigate on the legitimate suggestions of nursing hone and
potential changes in healthcare law. This organization can offer assistance distinguish ranges for
legitimate change that adjust responsibility with reasonable treatment of healthcare experts.
Advance Helpful Equity: Rather than exclusively centering on corrective measures, nursing
organizations can advocate for helpful equity approaches that prioritize learning, compromise,
and enhancement. Helpful equity forms can advantage both the medical attendants and
influenced patients or families by encouraging communication and understanding.
Whistleblower Security: Nursing organizations can advocate for more grounded whistleblower
security laws to energize medical attendants to report security concerns and mistakes without
fear of striking back. Ensuring those who talk up around potential dangers can lead to superior
understanding security results.
Collaboration with Legitimate Defense Organizations: Nursing organizations can accomplice
with legitimate defense organizations that specialize in healthcare law to supply bolster and
representation for medical caretakers confronting legitimate challenges. Such organizations can
ensure that medical caretakers get reasonable lawful representation all through the method.
Proceeding Instruction on Lawful Things: Nursing schools and organizations should incorporate
continuous instruction on lawful things into nurses' proficient advancement programs. This may
incorporate workshops, workshops, and webinars on themes such as misbehavior avoidance,
documentation, and legitimate obligations.
Actualizing Fair Culture Standards: Embracing a fair culture approach inside healthcare teach
can offer assistance recognize between inadvertent blunders and careless behavior. This
approach points to hold people responsible for their activities whereas recognizing the systemic
components that contribute to blunders.
Dynamic Association in Lawful Changes: Nursing organizations can effectively take an interest
in authoritative forms to advocate for changes in healthcare laws that advance decency and
equity in cases including therapeutic blunders. By locks in with officials and policymakers,
medical caretakers can contribute profitable bits of knowledge and points of view to shape
legitimate changes.
By executing these procedures, the nursing calling can react proactively to the lawful risk,
cultivating a culture of security, responsibility, and back for medical caretakers whereas keeping
up a center on understanding well-being. Collaboration, instruction, and promotion will play key
parts in forming the lawful scene to superior adjust with the complexities of nursing home and
advance the generally enhancement of healthcare results.
CURRENT PUBLIC CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE IN HEALTHCARE
Reference
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. (2004). Nurse's legal handbook. Philadelphia: Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins.
CURRENT PUBLIC CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE IN HEALTHCARE
Topic: Community obesity prevention Training Program
Planning Before Teaching:
Name and Credentials of Teacher: Beverly Jensen
Estimated Time Teaching Will Last:
40 to 50 min
Location of Teaching:
Supplies, Material, Equipment Needed:
electronic equipment, catering, public
transport, stationery, lighting, etc.
Estimated Cost: $3,000
Community and Target Aggregate: All individuals from all ages, genders, cultures and
religious backgrounds.
Topic: Community obesity prevention Training Program
The topic or problem chosen for this project is obesity. Given that obesity rates are increasing
among almost all groups of people, this program will target individuals from across all gender, age,
education, national or religious backgrounds.
Epidemiological Rationale for Topic (Statistics Related to Topic):
According to the CDC "the prevalence of obesity was 42.4% in 2017~2018. [Read CDC National
Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) data brief]. From 1999–2000 through 2017–2018, the prevalence of
obesity increased from 30.5% to 42.4%, and the prevalence of severe obesity increased from 4.7% to
9.2%. [Read CDC NCHS data brief" (Hales et al. 2020). In 2019–20120, the age-adjusted prevalence of
obesity in adults in the United States was 42.4 percent. Also, the statistics revealed no significant
differences between men and women among all adults or by age group. Obesity is severest among
individuals aged between 20 and 59 years.
Teaching Plan Criteria
Several teaching methods will be employed in this particular program. These include Lectures,
courses, seminars, workshops, and classes. Also, several teaching methods and styles will be used to
improve the participants' learning. The main Community Language Learning features that must be
integrated into the program include target language/mother-tongue, teacher/learner-centered,
counseling role for the teacher, and in-a-circle seating for learners.
Readiness for Learning:
There are several indicators of the participants' readiness to learn. The first one is participants
showing genuine interest in the subject and program. The second indicator that the participants are
ready to learn questions. For instance, when they ask questions pertaining to obesity or anything
related, it indicates that the participants are ready to learn more about the subject.
CURRENT PUBLIC CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE IN HEALTHCARE
Learning Theory to Be Utilized
The main theory that will be employed in this particular exercise is the Homeostatic theory of
obesity. This theory holds that imbalance in homeostatic processes can explain both obesity and weight
gain. It also proposes that over-consumption of high-calorie, low-nutrient, and low satiating foods,
coupled with a stressful environment, is the primary cause of weight gain (Marks, 2015).
Goal: Healthy People 2020 (HP2020) objective(s) utilized as the goal for the teaching.
Published by Healthy People 2021, proper nutrition, exercise, and suggested bodyweight are
fundamental to prevent the development of severe health conditions. Unfortunately, this is not the case
in the United States. Americans often do the opposite, which results in a remarkable figure of
overweight and obese Americans. The leading health indicators are healthy adult body weight,
adolescent and child obesity, meeting adult exercise and physical activity guidelines, and lack of daily
vegetable intake. Healthy people, The portion of overweight children and young adults in 2020 will be
recorded if there is any improvement in creating healthy communities.
How Does This HP2020 Objective Relate to Alma Ata's Health for All Global Initiatives
The program will enhance all global initiatives for Alma Ata's health by eliminating obesity in all
people. As mentioned earlier, the new program will seek to educate and empower people actors all
backgrounds to avoid obesity and live healthier lives.
Develop Behavioral Objectives (Including Domains), Content, and Strategies/Methods:
Behavioral Objective and Domain
Example – Third-grade students will
name one healthy food choice in
each of the five food groups by the
Content
(be specific)
Example – The Food Pyramid has
five food groups which are….
Strategies/Methods
(label and describe)
Example – Interactive poster
end of the presentation. (Cognitive
Domain)
Healthy foods from each group
are….
Unhealthy foods containing a lot of
sugar or fat are….
presentation of the Food Pyramid.
After an explanation of the poster
and each food category, allow
students to place pictures of foods
on the correct spot on the pyramid.
Also, have the class analyze what a
child had for lunch by putting names
of foods on the poster and
discussing what food group still
needs to be eaten throughout day.
1. Participants will explain
the causes of obesity by the
end of the presentation.
1. Lack of physical activity.
2. Stress and unhealthy
lifestyles
3. Drugs (some drugs for
diabetes and high blood
pressure)
Environment (availability of
fitness centers, type of food, et)
1.Video presentation of causes
and risk factors of obesity. This
is followed by explanations and
demonstrations to allow
participants can better understand
of the problem (obesity).
Lecture-experts will give
the participants short
simple lectures on ways
to overcome obesity. This
will improve the
participants’
understanding of obesity
CURRENT PUBLIC CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE IN HEALTHCARE
and risks posed by their
lifestyles.
PPT demonstration-every detail
of obesity and its prevention can
be summarized and presented in
simple but informative PPT
sessions.
2. Participants will explain at
least five ways of preventing
obesity by the end of the
exercise.
3. i. Healthy eating habits/diet.
ii. Regular physical exercise
(gym, running, jobbing etc)
iii. Limiting children’s
TV/screen time
iv. Reducing daily stress.
2. Lecture-experts will give the
participants short simple
lectures on ways to overcome
obesity. This will improve the
participants’ understanding of
obesity and risks posed by
their lifestyles.
PPT demonstration-every detail
of obesity and its prevention can
be summarized and presented in
simple but informative PPT
sessions.
4. Participants will explain the
consequences of obesity
3. i. Health problems such as such as
cardiovascular disease.
ii. Huge healthcare cost. This is due
to regular costly hospitalizations
3. 1.Video presentation of causes
and risk factors of obesity. This
is followed by explanations and
demonstrations to allow
and medications.
iii. Huge Medicare and Medicaid
costs at the national and state level.
iv. Death
participants can better understand
of the problem (obesity).
Lecture-experts will give
the participants short
simple lectures on ways
to overcome obesity. This
will improve the
participants’
understanding of obesity
and risks posed by their
lifestyles.
PPT demonstration-every detail of
obesity and its prevention can be
summarized and presented in
simple but informative PPT sessions
Creativity: How was creativity applied in the teaching methods/strategies?
Creativity was applied to enhance the effectiveness of the program while also minimizing cost
and time. This was mainly achieved through the use of modern technologies such as PPT and video
playing.
Planned Evaluation of Objectives (Outcome Evaluation): Describe what you will measure for each
objective and how.
CURRENT PUBLIC CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE IN HEALTHCARE
1. Short simple quizzes and oral questions. The participants will answer short questions on
various obesity topics such as causes and prevention methods. For example, will explain at
least five ways of preventing obesity by the end of the exercise.
2. Skills. The participants will demonstrate important obesity prevention skills such as healthy
food choices. For instance, the participants will explain and demonstrate at least five ways of
preventing obesity by the end of the exercise.
3. Interviews-the participants will be interviewed to evaluate their new understanding of obesity
and its prevention strategy. For example, the participants will explain the consequences and
opportunities for preventing obesity.
4. Focus groups-the participants will be divided into smaller focus groups to engage them in
more personalized discussions. This will help to evaluate the effectiveness of the program
Planned Evaluation of Goal:
Describe how and when you could evaluate the overall effectiveness of your teaching
plan. The program will be evaluated at the end of the second week. How well the participants
learn and demonstrate new understanding of obesity will be the main evaluation criteria.
Planned Evaluation of Lesson and Teacher (Process Evaluation):
The lesson and teacher will be evaluated on the basis of cost and time schedule. How well the
implementation of the process meets the set deadline and budget will determine the
effectiveness’ of the process.
Barriers: What are potential barriers that may arise during teaching and how will those be
handled?
The main potential barriers to this program include: lack of adequate budget/resources,
inadequate time, uncooperative participants, cross-cultural differences/culture clashes, logistical
challenges, and vagaries of nature. These challenges could be mitigated through effective
contingency planning and proper training of the implementation team.
Therapeutic Communication
3.2 Communicate therapeutically with patients.
In order to gain the interest and attention of the audience, the program leader should begin with short
storytelling about obesity or showing a short documentary about the causes and consequences of
obesity (Hunt, 2009). Moreover, he or she may also share the recent statistics about obesity in the
country and the world at large. Active listening is essential in any interaction between healthcare
providers and communities. Some of the active listening activities that should be employed in this
particular exercise include: avoiding distractions such as mobile phones, suspending judgment, eye
contact, asking questions, and seeking clarification. Active listening will also be enhanced through
nonverbal communication techniques such as gestures, facial expressions, and nodding.
CURRENT PUBLIC CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE IN HEALTHCARE
References:
Hales, C. M., Carroll, M. D., Fryar, C. D., & Ogden, C. L. (2020). Prevalence of obesity and severe obesity
among adults: United States, 2017–2018.
Marks, D. F. (2015). Homeostatic theory of obesity. Health psychology open, 2(1), 2055102915590692.
Hunt, R. (2009). Introduction to community-based nursing. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer
Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Introduction
The U.S healthcare system has undergone remarkable changes and transformations in recent
years. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) is an organization established to fund
different types of programs meant to build a national Culture of Health. The organization funds a
wide range of programs to achieve three fundamental goals: discovery and exploration, spread
model intervention, and research and evaluation. The organization partners with other
stakeholders to identify the challenge and solutions of nursing care in the U.S. These are
solutions that seek to address the numerous issues facing the nursing profession nationally and in
each state. The RWJF initiative has contributed immensely to the transformation of the way
patients receive health care, in the U.S.
Key Messages
The organization formulated four key messages that should guide the nursing profession for the
realization of nurses' full potential. The first key message formulated by the organization in this
particular report is that nurses should always practice to the full extent of their education and
training. The report recommends that the federal government should assume leadership and put
the necessary efforts to promote reform and wider scope of practice for different practitioners in
the nursing profession. The second recommendation is that nurses must achieve higher levels of
education as well as training. This can be archived through the new and improved education
system that cultivates a culture of seamless academic progression. New dynamics in nursing
such as increasingly complex and technology require nurses to transition into higher degrees. For
these reasons, nurses ought to be educated alongside doctors, physicians, and other healthcare
professionals.
CURRENT PUBLIC CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE IN HEALTHCARE
The third recommendation is that nursing professionals should be full partners alongside doctors
and other professionals, in the process of redesigning health care. RWJF recognizes that nursing
is not fully represented in the healthcare reforms hence the need for the inclusion of nurses in
boards, leadership teams, and advisory teams. The fourth and last recommendation is that
effective workforce planning, as well as policy-making, needs improved data collection and
better information infrastructure (Poghosyan et al. 2018). This is a very vital step in aligning
nursing with the modern dynamics in healthcare practice and industry.
State-Based Action Coalitions
Put simply, State-Based Action Coalitions are collaborations established by RWJF to help
advance the IOM recommendations. The action coalitions in various states work in collaboration
to improve health care in the U.S by strengthening nurse leadership as well as the nursing
workforce. These Action Coalitions form a very vital network for individuals and agencies in
various states who work in collaboration to advance healthcare in the U.S at various levels.
These coalitions usually consist of multidisciplinary teams and individuals leaders and members
to discuss and deliberate the implementation of IOM recommendations. It should be noted that
these coalitions take into consideration the unique needs of each state and they tailor every action
accordingly. Through their collaborative efforts, state-based action coalitions seek to build
proper foundations for effecting long-term sustainable change at all different levels 9 Bleich,
2012).
New York Action Coalition
The Future of Nursing New York State Action Coalition has been very pivotal in the
implementation of IOM recommendations within the state of New York. The coalitions involve
multidisciplinary teams and diverse stakeholders. One of their major roles in leading the rest of
the diverse stakeholders in creating and modeling various innovative solutions mental to build
heathier communities within the state of New York. Furthermore, the coalitions understand that
nurses have always been uniquely woven into the fabric of the society, and for this reason
positions and empowers them to play a more powerful role in the advancement of health and
health equity. The coalitions achieve all these with nursing leading the way.
One of the initiatives currently being implemented by the New York Action Coalition is the
Campaign for Action. Essentially, this is a collaborative effort by the coalition, AARP, and the
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation among other stakeholders. The Campaign for Action seeks to
ensure all American citizens have access to high-quality and reliable healthcare, with nurses
playing the leading role and performing to the full extent of their capabilities (Campaign for
Action, 2019). The other notable initiative pursued by the coalition is the push for more
advanced practice legal reforms in the state of New York. The liberation of NPs has for long
been an issue that adversely affects healthcare in the state. The coalition has increased focus on
removing all the scope-of-practice barriers as part of the strategies to take healthcare within the
state to the next level.
The coalition prioritizes both regulatory and statutory reforms in New York and has been
achieved by collaboration between the coalition, Medicaid, and scope-of-practice subcommittee
and other stakeholders. For instance, they have developed teams that enquire and look into
issues such as insurance payments, nurse reimbursement challenges, and increased coordination
of care. These initiatives have helped to educate legislators about the various fundamental issues
continued in the IOM Future of Nursing report such as the use of advanced practice nurses. The
CURRENT PUBLIC CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE IN HEALTHCARE
other initiatives include the creation of several smaller regional action coalitions that help to
recruit and support champions and organize action teams in different regions within the state.
Barriers to Advancement
One of the barriers to advancement in the state of Texas is state practice and licensure. While
state licensure is developed to regulate the nursing practice, it sometimes directly or indirectly
impedes NPs from practicing to the fullest extent of their professional training and education.
The second barriers are payer policies. Some of the restrictive practice regulations and licensure
policies in New York have made it difficult for some nurses to practice to the full extent of their
professional education and training. Moreover, the restrictive nature of these policies limits
nursing practitioners to practice independently.
These barriers can be addressed through policy initiatives. For instance, ongoing state legislative
reforms are focusing mainly on nurse issues particularly the state scope-of-practice. The other
strategy being used to address these barriers is the elimination of variances in state licensure as
well as the increasingly challenging scope-of-practice barriers (Poghosyan et al. 2018). .
However, the state of New York needs to prioritize independent practice in order to ensure the
provision of superior primary care. Moreover, it is important to rethink how the state healthcare
system can deliver quality, efficient healthiest care in the midst of a projected workforce
shortage.
Conclusion
In nutshell, this paper has discussed the role of RWJF and some of the key recommendations
made in the IOM report. The organization formulated four key messages that should guide the
nursing profession for the realization of nurses' full potential. The Future of Nursing New York
State Action Coalition has been very pivotal in the implementation of IOM recommendations
within the state of New York. The coalitions involve multidisciplinary teams and diverse
stakeholders. As mentioned earlier, is important for the state of New York to prioritize
independent practice in order to ensure the provision of superior primary care. Moreover, it is
important to rethink how the state healthcare system can deliver quality, efficient healthiest care
in the midst of a projected workforce shortage.
CURRENT PUBLIC CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE IN HEALTHCARE
References
Campaign for Action (2019). State Action Coalitions. Retrieved from
https://campaignforaction.org/our-network/state-action-coalitions/
Bleich, M. R. (2012). Leadership responses to the future of nursing: Leading change, advancing
health IOM report. JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration, 42(4), 183-184.
Poghosyan, L., Norful, A. A., & Laugesen, M. J. (2018). Removing restrictions on nurse
practitioners' scope of practice in New York State: Physicians' and nurse practitioners'
perspectives. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 30(6), 354-360.
Cites five or more references, using at least two new scholarly resources that
were not provided in the course materials.
Using the9DSM-59diagnostic criteria and evidence-based scholarly articles, address the
following:
Describe the neurology of anorexia. Does the characterization of anorexia as a
brain disorder surprise you? What are your thoughts on the personal and/or
cultural implications of classifying anorexia (and other mental illnesses) in this
way, as opposed to a lifestyle choice or a matter of willpower? How might you
support a family (or client) who is resistant to this interpretation?
Describe and discuss changes in personality and social behavior that might be
seen with anorexia. How would you assess for these changes?
Provide an overview of the health consequences and medical complications of
anorexia
Create a treatment plan for a client with anorexia using family-based therapy or
other evidence-based therapy.
Criteria for this paper:
Answer these questions succinctly but completely, integrating resources to
provide rationale for all decisions.
Use APA formatting for all components of your paper.
You may use narrative, bullets, or a table format for various sections of this
discussion assignment.
Your paper should be approximately two to three pages long, not including the
reference page.
Use at least one nursing journal reference from CINAHL9 to support your rationale
CURRENT PUBLIC CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE IN HEALTHCARE
Introduction
Anorexia nervosa is a psychological and sometimes potentially life-threatening eating disorder.
Individuals with Anorexia disorder typically suffer from and severely low body weight relative
to their height and body type. The disorder is characterized by an abnormally extreme fear on
gaining weight. The individual suffering the disorder have a distorted perception of weight with
the majority of them placing a higher value on controlling their body weight and shape.
According to the National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders (ANAD)
(2019) "At least 30 million people of all ages and genders suffer from an eating disorder in the
U.S. 1. Every 62 minutes, at least one person dies as a direct result from an eating disorder.
Eating disorders have the highest mortality rate of any mental illness. 13% of women over 50
engage in eating disorder behaviours." It is against this background that this paper looks into
the neurology, personal and social behaviour changes, and health consequences of Anorexia
nervosa.
Neurology of Anorexia nervosa
As mentioned earlier, Anorexia nervosa is a psychological condition caused by the emotional
challenges, distorted and unrealistic body perception/image and extreme fear of becoming
overweight or obese. Research has established that anorexia nervosa often begins during teenage
years and early adulthood. According to ANAD, anorexia nervosa is the third most common
chronic illness among teenagers, and it affects approximately 1 in every 100 women in the
United States. Individuals with anorexia nervosa often adopt potentially life-threatening
measures to retain their body image and shape. For instance, some may intentionally restrict
their food intake while others may resort to excessive physical exercises in the effort as a result
of their extreme fear of becoming fat. Other may adopt drastic measure such as the use of
laxatives or intentional vomiting in order to cut down their weight. Additionally, it was
interesting to learn the majority of the individual with anorexia often don't want treatment
because their obsession with body image overrides g concerns about their well-being.
The characterization anorexia nervosa is quite surprising to me. Firstly, it was surprising to learn
that anorexia nervosa is relatively common in America. At first, I had thought anorexia nervosa
is just one of those rare disorders that probably affects a very insignificant portion of the
population. To my surprise, "0.9% of American women suffer from anorexia in their lifetime,
and 1 in 5 anorexia deaths is by suicide" (ANAD 2019).
In addition, the symptoms of the anorexia were somewhat weird to me. Being a relatively new
disorder to me, I was surprised to learn that the symptoms could sometimes be extreme to the
point of causing injury or even death. Some of the extreme symptoms of the disorder include
hypothermia, constipation, swollen hands and feet and menstruation problems. In the Western
cultures where thinness is often emphasized, many individuals, particularly teens, maybe at a
higher risk of anorexia (Lindstedt et al. 2017).
There are several strategies that families and caregivers can support individuals with anorexia.
Firstly, it is essential to talk to the individual about their perception of their body image to help
them gain a more realistic image. Secondly, it is necessary for the family members to provide
the individual with as much information about the disorder as possible. Reading widely about
anorexia helps to separate facts and myths about body weight, beauty, and nutrition. Moreover,
the family and the society, in general, should remove the potential stigma associated with being
fat or obese in order to help those at the risk of anorexia overcome negative perceptions (Sibeoni
et al. 2017). Lastly, it is important to encourage them to seek professional help, especially when
they adopt life-threatening lifestyles.
CURRENT PUBLIC CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE IN HEALTHCARE
Like the other mental disorders, anorexia affects an individual's thinking pattern, perception of
reality and sometimes, personality. A person with anorexia way at a risk of recurring conditions
such as mood and anxiety disorders, which may ultimately how he or she relates with others.
They are also at the risk of abusing substances such as marijuana, cocaine, and heroin etc. The
individual may develop suicidal thoughts and behaviours.
Research has established that people with anorexia are vulnerable to anxiety, depression, and
perfectionism and self-critical behaviour. These genetic vulnerabilities contribute to distorted
perceptions and unhealthy eating habits. According to Gulf Bend Center (2017), people with
anorexia bulimia tend to be competitive, and they compare their appearances against unrealistic
standards. All these vulnerabilities significantly affect how the individual thinks, perceives
others, and even how they relate with others.
The above-mentioned changes in behaviour and personality can be used to diagnose anorexia.
When the doctor suspects an individual suffers anorexia nervosa, he may carry out physical
exams lab tests, psychological evaluation and other studies to rule out other mental problems.
The mental health professional can employ the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa in the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), developed and published by the
American Psychiatric Association (Sibeoni et al. 2017).
Health consequences and medical complications of anorexia
Anorexia nervosa has several complications that should be closely monitored because as
mentioned earlier, they could be life-threatening. According to Mayo Clinic (2019), anorexia can
be fatal, and death may occur suddenly even when the individual is not severely underweight.
For instance, the adverse health effects of anorexia on the body can cause abnormal heart
rhythms as well as arrhythmias) or an imbalance of electrolytes. Some important minerals,
including sodium, calcium and potassium, are important in maintaining the balance of body
fluids.
Moreover, an individual with anorexia becomes severely malnourished, and this eventually
damages some internal organs. In extreme cases, the damage to internal body organs may not be
fully reversible. Anorexia is associated with other complications such as anaemia, kidney
disease, loss of muscle, osteoporosis, decreased testosterone in men and absence of a period in
women, gastrointestinal problems, and electrolyte abnormalities. It is also important to note that
anorexia can also cause mental health problems. These include depression and mood disorders,
obsessive-compulsive disorders, alcohol and substance abuse, and suicidal thoughts. As such, it
is important for anyone who exhibits symptoms of anorexia to seek professional medical help
before the compilations of the disorder put him or her at risk.
Treatment plan
According to Mayo Clinic (2019), the treatment of anorexia generally involves teamwork
approach. Essentially, teamwork treatment involves vastly-experienced physicians, doctors,
mental health professionals and dieticians. Psychotherapy has been found to be an effective
treatment approach for anorexia. Family-based therapy is an evidence-based treatment method
for young individuals with anorexia. Given that the individuals with anorexia are unable to make
good eating and nutrition choices due to their distorted perceptions, family-based therapy
mobilizes parents or guardians to help them with re-feeding as well as body weight restoration.
Moreover, family-therapy can be coupled with individual therapy to help improve the
individual's condition effectively. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has shown to help
CURRENT PUBLIC CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE IN HEALTHCARE
improve anorexia symptoms hence the need for healthcare providers to adopt in the treatment of
the condition. The main goal of CBT is to normalize the individual's eating patterns. In addition,
it helps to normalize behaviours to support the individual's weight gain and healthy lifestyle.
CBT also aims to positively transform the individual's distorted thoughts and beliefs by helping
him, or she sees things in a different and more realistic perspective. With improve the perception
of self and the world in general, the individual is able to maintain healthy eating habits.
Conclusion
In a nutshell, this paper has looked into the neurology, personal and social behaviour changes,
and health consequences of Anorexia nervosa. As mentioned earlier, Anorexia nervosa is a
psychological and sometimes potentially life-threatening eating disorder. Individuals with
Anorexia disorder typically suffer from and severely low body weight relative to their height and
body type. The disorder is characterized by an abnormally extreme fear of gaining weight. There
are several strategies that families and caregivers can support individuals with anorexia. Firstly,
it is important to talk to the individual about their perception of their body image in order to help
them gain a more realistic image. Secondly, it is necessary for the family members to provide
the individual with as much information about the disorder as possible. Reading widely about
anorexia helps to separate facts and myths about body weight, beauty, and nutrition. Family-
based therapy is an evidence-based treatment method for young individuals with anorexia.
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has shown to help improve anorexia symptoms hence the
need for healthcare providers to adopt in the treatment of the condition.
References
Gulf Bend Center (2017). Causes of Eating Disorders - Personality Traits and Missing Skills.
Retrieved from https://www.gulfbend.org/poc/view_doc.php?
type=doc&id=11750&cn=46
Lindstedt, K., Kjellin, L., & Gustafsson, S. A. (2017). Adolescents with full or subthreshold
anorexia nervosa in a naturalistic sample–characteristics and treatment outcome. Journal
of eating disorders, 5(1), 4.
Mayo Clinic (2019). Anorexia nervosa. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/anorexia-nervosa/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353597
National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders (ANAD) (2019). Eating
Disorder Statistics. Retrieved from https://anad.org/education-and-awareness/about-
eating-disorders/eating-disorders-statistics/
Sibeoni, J., Orri, M., Valentin, M., Podlipski, M. A., Colin, S., Pradere, J., & Revah-Levy, A.
(2017). Meta-synthesis of the views about the treatment of anorexia nervosa in
adolescents: Perspectives of adolescents, parents, and professionals. PloS one, 12(1).
CURRENT PUBLIC CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE IN HEALTHCARE
Question 1
The term health inequity refers to health differences that exist between population groups
such as economic, social geographic or demographic terms which are unfair. People who are
disadvantages in the above factors have less healthy and have a short life expectancy. For
example, communities where there is good education, high incomes, and favorable living
conditions have high life expectance and good health as compare to the disadvantaged ones
(McPherson et al., 2016). My community of assessment is Hamilton ward 5. According to the
results of my assessment, in Hamilton ward 5, there is a prevalence of low income. Ward five
has the highest number of households in the bracket of low income in the whole of Hamilton. In
terms of time, Hamilton ward five has been leading in rates of low income for the past six years.
Therefore, due to low incomes in most of the households, the people of ward five do not have
access to good and quality healthcare.
Question 2
Health equity refers to a situation whereby every person can reach their health needs
without being disadvantaged by factors like race, socioeconomic status, income, religion, age,
education levels, and so forth. Some of the health promotion interventions to ensure health equity
include; equal and fair distribution of resources, partner with other governmental and non
governmental organizations so find out ways of mitigating health inequities, and also understand
the unique needs of a certain population and modify the services and interventions to address
those needs in order to reduce health inequities (Davison, 2013). Therefore, these interventions
address the determinants of health and health equity by ensuring that people receive resources
equally, more employment opportunities to low income populations, provision of quality health
services to everyone regardless of their race, religion, age, or social status.
Question 3
Social policy reform advocacy addresses the issue of health inequities by looking at the
social structure of the community and by influencing policy making. Activities in this advocacy
focus on making reforms on the legislature to make advancements on policy change to bring
transformation on social lives of the community. In this case, Hamilton is faced with low income
as a health inequity. Therefore, I would contribute the following to the above advocacy efforts;
I would work with policy makers like local leaders and present them with the needs of
Hamilton ward five people so that they can amend health policies to suit them. For
example, there could be a policy that allows people of Hamilton ward five to receive
health services at a reduced rate of payments, or provide the community with health
institutions that offer free services to the people.
I would collaborate with other organizations that can help to create more employment
opportunities in the community to increase the income of the households in Hamilton
ward five
Question 4
The following skills are very important in order to successfully engage in advocacy on
the social determinants of health; excellent communication skills, persuasion skills, observation
skills, leadership skills, creativity skills, innovation skills, and many more. be able to
communicate well and give clear details on the situation. Persuasive, leadership, and creativity
skills will also enable me to convince local leaders and other community groups on the
importance of making some changes in the community to accommodate health needs of every
individual.
CURRENT PUBLIC CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE IN HEALTHCARE
References
Davison, C. M. National Collaborating Centre for Determinants of Health. 2013.PCritical
examination of knowledge to action models and implications for promoting health equity.
Antigonish, NS: National Collaborating Centre for Determinants of Health, St. Francis
Xavier University.
McPherson, C., Ndumbe-Eyoh, S., Betker, C., Oickle, D., & Peroff-Johnston, N. (2016).
Swimming against the tide: A Canadian qualitative study examining the implementation
of a province-wide public health initiative to address health equity.International journal
for equity in health,P15(1), 129.
Peer Response:
Reply 1 Otton Braucher
Of course, it is true that addiction is an alarming as well as dangerous thing for any nation
specially for kids and young generation and worldwide issue affecting a huge number of
Americans. If we see Research shows that close to 19.7 million American adults battle a
substance use disorder. That is, 74% of the 19.7 million American adults are alcohol addicts. But
wait, the increased and repeated use of the drugs by individuals give an irresistible urge to use
the substance again. According to Shaddock and Ruiz, the constant abuse of drugs results into
negative behaviors. Drug abusers often lose control leading to compulsive behaviors. And yes,
one of the major pathways involved with addiction is the Thalamus.
I acknowledge that objectives findings for an individual with substance disorder mainly
depends on substance used. Individuals who abuse alcohol may show inappropriate behavior,
slurred speech, impaired judgment, fatal seizures, and impaired coordination. Apparently,
alcohol use disorder is treatable and the two main pharmacological agents used for treatment is
acamprosate and naltrexone. And, Benzodiazepines are often used to reduce the risk of alcohol
withdrawal.
The healthcare sector in America spends over 740billion annually in matters of substance
abuse and addiction. Statistics behind substance use shows that the absolute therapy for alcohol
use disorder is an inclusion of cognitive behavioral therapy and the use of support groups such as
alcoholic anonymous.
Reference
References
Bryden, M. P., Munhall, K., & Allard, F. (1983). Attentional biases and the right-ear effect in
dichotic listening. Brain and language, 18(2), 236-248.
Bonanno, G. A., Davis, P. J., Singer, J. L., & Shwartz, G. E. (1991). The repressor personality
and avoidant information processing: A dichotic listening study. Journal of Research in
Personality, 25(4), 386-401.
CURRENT PUBLIC CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE IN HEALTHCARE
Hugdahl, K. (1995). Dichotic Listening: Probing temporal lobe functional integrity: Brain
asymmetry, 1, 123-156.
