Question 1
2 out of 2 points
The still-face paradigm has been used primarily to study
Selected
Answer:
Emotion regulation in
infants.
Question 2
2 out of 2 points
Mrs. Harmon, the mother of 18-month-old Bryce, is concerned that Bryce has not learned
to speak very well. He has a limited vocabulary and seems content to point to the things
he wants. Mrs. Harmon has read several child development books which indicate that
Bryce should be in the stage of language learning. Mrs. Harmon fears that Bryce is not
keeping up developmentally. Based on your understanding of the timing of developmental
stages, what would be your best advice?
Selected
Answer:
Developmental stages can be useful guidelines, but there is a range of
normal development within stages.
Question 3
2 out of 2 points
In Bronfenbrenner’s model, proximal processes refer to
Selected
Answer:
reciprocal interactions between an organism and its
immediate environment.
Question 4
0 out of 2 points
Video response. Review the video on , page 15 of your book; from the 3 statements select
which one(s) are correct.
Statement 1. The teach illustrates social learning theory by modeling the process she
would use to study the lesson and presents it to the group.
Statement 2. In order for modeling to be effective, there must be a reward attached to
motivate a child to repeat the behavior.
Statement 3. The video suggests that modeling experiences could have been improved if
the teacher would have worked one to one with each student opposed to having them
observe this exercise as a group.
Selected
Answer:
Statement 2 and 3 are
correct
Question 5
2 out of 2 points
Infants form multiple attachments, to both mother and father and perhaps to a sibling,
grandparent, and so on. Which of the following statements is most consistent with
available data on the impact of these attachments?
Selected
Answer:
More than one secure attachment adds value, serving as a
further protective factor.
Question 6
2 out of 2 points
Myelinization is the process which involves
Selected
Answer:
coating the axon with a fatty sheath that improves conduction of
electrical impulses.
Question 7
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following statemet is FALSE regarding chronic stress during pregnancy and its
impact on the fetus?
Selected
Answer:
Stress during pregnancy, has no lasting effects
on the fetus.
Question 8
2 out of 2 points
When considering the level of trait in easy and difficult temperaments, as summarized in
table 4.3, which statement is FALSE:
Selected
Answer:
Easy temperament styles have a low regularity in
their rhythmicity.
Question 9
2 out of 2 points
In considering the major structures of the brain, which of these statements is FALSE.
Selected
Answer:
The limbic system is constructed of the activities located in the midbrain
area, that impact complex thought processes.
Question 10
2 out of 2 points
Contemporary developmentalists focus on which question concerning nature and nurture?
Selected
Answer:
How do we explain the mechanisms by which nature and nurture interact to
affect development?
Question 11
2 out of 2 points
Sally, age 28, recently married John, age 45. They would like to have a child, but they are
concerned that they may be at high risk to have a child with a chromosomal abnormality,
like Down’s syndrome, because of John’s age. What is their genetic counselor likely to tell
them?
Selected
Answer:
They are at higher than average risk for some chromosomal disorders
because of John’s age, but not for Down’s syndrome.
Question 12
2 out of 2 points
Which statement is NOT a contribution from Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory:
Selected
Answer:
Adult scaffolding affects executive fundctiona by minimalizing a child’s ability
to use private speech to solve problems.
Question 13
2 out of 2 points
Which statement about cross-cultural influence on infant attachment is TRUE:
Selected
Answer:
In strange-situation-tests across cultures, a secure base is indicated by
distress when she is separated and comfort when she returns.
Question 14
2 out of 2 points
Ms. Dawson recently gave birth to twins, a girl and a boy. Which of the following
statements about them must be true?
Selected
Answer:
They are
dizygotic.
Question 15
2 out of 2 points
An attempt to forestall the development of problems by promoting health and wellness in
the general population is called
Selected
Answer:
primary
prevention.
Question 16
2 out of 2 points
Recessive, defective gene alleles can cause hereditary disorders. It is estimated that most
people carry ____________ recessive, defective alleles in their genotypes.
Selected
Answer:
three to
five
Question 17
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following statements does not reflect contemporary critiques of Piagetian
theory that have experimental support?
Selected
Answer:
Infants frequently have the ability to mentally represent
objects at birth.
Question 18
2 out of 2 points
Guidelines for the application of developmental research in helping professions include
Selected
Answer:
keeping abreast of issues in the field and taking a multidimensional view of
the influences on an individual.
Question 19
2 out of 2 points
The adult attachment inventory (AAI) is used to assess the quality of attachment that
parent have established with their own infants. Which statement is INCORRECT regarding
the finds of Main and her colleagues:
Selected
Answer:
Parents with an unresolved-disorganized pattern, tend to have infants with an
anxious-ambivalent attachment style in stranger situation tests.
Question 20
2 out of 2 points
Basic emotions such as _____________ can be observed in young infants, but self-conscious
emotions such as ____________ only emerge in childhood.
Selected
Answer:
Surprise and fear / embarrassment
and pride
Question 21
2 out of 2 points
When considering the age of entry and the amount of time spent in day care, researchers
have identified a dose-response relationship which is associated with what outcome?
Selected
Answer:
aggression and neediness at
school age
Question 22
0 out of 2 points
Video response. Review the video on, page 79 of your book; from the 3 statements select
which ones are correct.
Statement 1: The students demonstrate Piaget’s concreate operational thought, only being
able to understand previous learning and what they observe to be true at this time.
Statement 2: The students demonstrate three processes of understanding: adaption,
assimilation and accommodation related to their knowledge of tadpole development and
the new information provided by the teacher, about their growth.
Statement 3: The students were not able to understand that tadpoles lost their tail and
became shorter. This demonstrates that the at their age, they are incapable of using this
new information.
Selected
Answer:
Statement 1,2, and 3 are
correct.
Question 23
2 out of 2 points
Using Erikson’s developmental theory as a framework, which of the following statements is
an accurate representation of his ideas?
Selected
Answer:
Successful resolution of a psychosocial crisis at each stage depends upon
having more positive than negative experiences in the area of major concern.
Question 24
2 out of 2 points
Jacinta, the mother of a 10-month-old baby boy, is concerned about her son’s increasing
fussiness when she leaves him with his babysitter each morning. Which explanation of his
behavior is most likely to be accurate?
Selected
Answer:
He is showing separation distress because his recognition memory is
improving during this period.
Question 25
2 out of 2 points
High levels of the hormone oxytocin plays an important role in early social bonding by
Selected
Answer:
Promoting physical closeness and reducing
maternal stress.
Question 26
2 out of 2 points
Video response. Review the video on, page 135 of your book; from the 3 statements select
which one(s) are correct.
Statement 1: children across all cultures, experience separate anxiety, around 12 months
old; this is consistent because of human genetic factors.
Statement 2: Cultural factors can influence children’s response to strangers, and the
existence of separation anxiety.
Statement 3: Only children who live in orphanages have a lower anxiety response.
Selected Statement 2 is
Answer: correct
Question 27
2 out of 2 points
Which statement regarding the understanding of objects, in infancy is FALSE?
Selected
Answer:
The development of one sensory system does not influence the
development of other systems.
Question 28
2 out of 2 points
In Bowlby’s attachment theory, which of the following represents a primary outcome of the
formation of attachments in infancy?
Selected
Answer:
A working model of self, of others, and of
relationships.
Question 29
0 out of 2 points
Which of the following statements is most accurate with regard to Piaget’s theory?
Selected
Answer:
Piaget firmly believed that children who were at a particular stage of cognitive
development had the same level of understanding in all areas, such as
understanding causality, morality, agency, etc.
Question 30
2 out of 2 points
At 10 months old, Suzie is very active, responds intensely to stimulation, avoids new
stimulation, and tends to be irritable and fussy. Her temperament would be called
Selected
Answer:
Difficul
t.
Question 31
2 out of 2 points
For most mental illnesses and behavioral disorders, like alcoholism and clinical depression,
the genetic contribution can best be described as
Selected
Answer:
polygen
ic.
Question 32
2 out of 2 points
In lifespan developmental theories, significant developmental changes are thought to be
largely complete by
Selected
Answer:
Deat
h.
Question 33
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following best represents early prenatal brain development?
Selected
Answer:
The hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain emerge from the neural tube around
the 25th day of gestation.
Question 34
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following statements is NOT indicative of intergenerational transmission:
Selected
Answer:
Intergenerational transmission is less likely for mothers with strong
dissociative tendencies.
Question 35
2 out of 2 points
Annette is a warm and affectionate mother to her sons, Jason and Keith. When she comes
home from her job, she likes to spend time playing with them, preparing their favorite
foods, and watching TV with them. She describes herself as a “soft touch” when it comes
to her children. Lately she has been hearing complaints about 6-year-old Jason’s behavior
in school. Annette thinks the teacher is being too hard on her son. She does not want
anything to affect the good relationship she has with her children. Which style best
describes Annette’s parenting?
Selected
Answer:
Permissi
ve.
Question 36
2 out of 2 points
Developmental researchers use the term “goodness of fit” to refer to
Selected
Answer:
The match between the caregiver’s responses to a child and the
child’s temperament.
Question 37
0 out of 2 points
Which statement is TRUE regarding the characteristic of attachment style:
Selected
Answer:
Infants who show very little negative reaction to their mother leaving and
smile when she returns are securely attached.
Question 38
2 out of 2 points
Bea is the mother of 4-month-old Alex. She has been depressed since Alex’s birth and is
frequently withdrawn. Because of Bea’s depression, we can expect that, in comparison to
other 4-month-olds, Alex experiences will display
Selected
Answer:
More fearfulness and
turning away.
Question 39
2 out of 2 points
Video response. Review the video on, page 11 of your book; from the 3 statements select
which one(s) are correct.
Statement 1. The children were unable to successfully set the table and the teacher had to
help. This demonstrates that the children mistrust their ability to perform the task.
Statement 2. These children are at the age where they are demonstrating initiative vs.
guilt, taking on grown-up roles.
Statement 3. The children are demonstrating the emergence of autonomy with muscular
control and both cognitive and language skills that help them take initiative.
Selected
Answer:
statement 2 and 3 are
correct
Question 40
2 out of 2 points
Theories of development differ from opinion primarily because:
Selected
Answer:
they are based on scientific
research.
Question 41
2 out of 2 points
Counselors must recognize the principle of ___________: Individual pathways of
development may result in a wide range of possible outcomes.
Selected
Answer:
multifinali
ty
Question 42
2 out of 2 points
Stage theories of development typically describe ____________ changes in behavior,
cognition, or social relationships.
Selected
Answer:
qualitati
ve
Question 43
2 out of 2 points
In one study, young rats exposed to stress vocalized their anxiety. Their mothers, alerted
to this distress, responded with diligent caregiving behavior that altered the development
of the hippocampus. Which of the following processes or principles does this example
demonstrate?
Selected
Answer:
Epigenes
is.
Question 44
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following is an accurate description of the long-term effects of chronic
stress on the body?
Selected
Answer:
The ability of the immune system to fight infection and ward off
disease is compromised.
Question 45
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following is a true statement about the stability of infant attachments?
Selected
Answer:
Changes in family stressors that lead to changes in caregiving quality can
lead to shifts in attachment quality.
Question 46
2 out of 2 points
One important lesson that people in helping professional can take from Piaget’s and
Vygotsky’s work is that
Selected
Answer:
Understanding how young clients think can help in structuring interventions
that build effectively on existing knowledge and meanings.
Question 47
2 out of 2 points
In considering infant mental health, helping professionals who work with young children
should take an active role in
Selected
Answer:
Providing support and information
for parents.
Question 48
2 out of 2 points
The ability to use language to communicate effectively by using well-organized narratives
primarily depends upon the development of ____________ skill.
Selected
Answer:
Pragma
tic
Question 49
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following statements is true about the effects of teratogens on the developing
fetus?
Selected
Answer:
The kind of damage done depends on the stage of development
during exposure.
Question 50
2 out of 2 points
Developmentalists study what infants and children understand about other people’s
intentions, desires, beliefs, feelings, and so on. This field of study is referred to as
Selected
Answer:
Theory of
mind.
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