The ability to use language to communicate effectively by using well-organized narratives primarily
depends upon the development of ____________ skill. PRAGMATIC
The measure of social status that combines aspects of education background, income, and occupation is
called socioeconomic status
The measure of social status that combines aspects of education background, income, and occupation
is called SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
Video response. Review the video on, page 135 of your book; from the 3 statements select which
one(s) are correct.
Statement 1: children across all cultures, experience separate anxiety, around 12 months old; this is
consistent because of human genetic factors.
Statement 2: Cultural factors can influence children’s response to strangers, and the existence of
separation anxiety.
Statement 3: Only children who live in orphanages have a lower anxiety response.
Theories of development differ from opinion primarily because: THEY ARE BASED ON SCIENTIFIC
RESEARCH
At 10 months old, Suzie is very active, responds intensely to stimulation, avoids new stimulation, and
tends to be irritable and fussy. Her temperament would be called Difficult
When considering the level of trait in easy and difficult temperaments, as summarized in table 4.3,
which statement is FALSE: Easy temperament styles have a low regularity in their rythmicity
Basic emotions such as _____________ can be observed in young infants, but self-conscious emotions
such as ____________ only emerge in childhood. Surprise and fear/ embarrassment and pride
Contemporary developmentalists focus on which question concerning nature and nurture? How do
we explain the mechanisms by n/n interact to affect development
The adult attachment inventory (AAI) is used to assess the quality of attachment that parent have
established with their own infants. Which statement is INCORRECT regarding the finds of Main and her
colleagues: Parents with a unresolved-disorganized pattern have children with an anxious ambivalent
attachment style
The still-face paradigm has been used primarily to study Emotion regulation in infants
Which statement regarding the understanding of objects, in infancy is FALSE? The development of one
sensory system does not influence the development of others
Which statement about cross-cultural influence on infant attachment is TRUE: In strange situation test
across cultures a secure base is indicated by stress when she is separated and com fort when returns
Counselors must recognize the principle of ___________: Individual pathways of development may
result in a wide range of possible outcomes. MULTIFINALITY
Dawson recently gave birth to twins, a girl and a boy. Which of the following
statements about them must be true? DIZYGOTIC
In lifespan developmental theories, significant developmental changes are thought to be largely
complete by Death
According to Vygotsky, language is one product of shared understanding among members of a social
group and may be considered a ____________ that facilitates learning and thinking. Tool/sign
Which of the following best represents early prenatal brain development? The hindbrain midbrain
and forebrain emerge from the neural tube 25th day
Which of the following is an accurate description of the long-term effects of chronic
stress on the body? The ability for the immune system to fight and ward of disease is compromised
An attempt to forestall the development of problems by promoting health and wellness in the general
population is called Primary Prevention
In one study, young rats exposed to stress vocalized their anxiety. Their mothers, alerted to this
distress, responded with diligent caregiving behavior that altered the development of the hippocampus.
Which of the following processes or principles does this example demonstrate? Epigenisis
Which of the following is a true statement about the stability of infant attachments? Changes in family
stressors that lead to changes in caregiving quality can lead to shifts in attachment quality
Sally, age 28, recently married John, age 45. They would like to have a child, but they are concerned
that they may be at high risk to have a child with a chromosomal abnormality, like Down’s syndrome,
because of John’s age. What is their genetic counselor likely to tell them? They are higher than average
for chromosomal disorder because of John’s age but not down syndrome
Myelinization is the process which involves COATING THE AXON WITH FATTY SHEATH THAT IMPROVES
CONDUCTION OF ELECTRICAL IMPULSES
Stage theories of development typically describe ____________ changes in behavior, cognition, or
social relationships. Qualitative
Developmentalists study what infants and children understand about other people’s intentions,
desires, beliefs, feelings, and so on. This field of study is referred to as Theory of mind
Using Erikson’s developmental theory as a framework, which of the following statements is an
accurate representation of his ideas? Successful resolution of psychosocial crisis at each stage depends
on having more positive than negative
Which of the following statemet is FALSE regarding chronic stress during pregnancy and its impact on
the fetus? Stress during pregnancy has no lasting effect
Guidelines for the application of developmental research in helping professions include Keeping
abreast of issues in the field and taking a multidimensional view influences of individual
Annette is a warm and affectionate mother to her sons, Jason and Keith. When she comes home from
her job, she likes to spend time playing with them, preparing their favorite foods, and watching TV with
them. She describes herself as a “soft touch” when it comes to her children. Lately she has been hearing
complaints about 6-year-old Jason’s behavior in school. Annette thinks the teacher is being too hard on
her son. She does not want anything to affect the good relationship she has with her children. Which
style best describes Annette’s parenting? Permissive
In considering infant mental health, helping professionals who work with young children should take
an active role in Providing support and information for parents
One important lesson that people in helping professional can take from Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s work is
that Understanding how young clients think can help in structuring interventions that build effectively
existing knowledge and meaning
Which of the following statements is true about the effects of teratogens on the developing fetus?
The kind of damage done depends on the stage of development
Video response. Review the video on, page 79 of your book; from the 3 statements select which ones
are correct.
Statement 1: The students demonstrate Piaget’s concreate operational thought, only being able to
understand previous learning and what they observe to be true at this time.
Statement 2: The students demonstrate three processes of understanding: adaption, assimilation and
accommodation related to their knowledge of tadpole development and the new information provided
by the teacher, about their growth.
Statement 3: The students were not able to understand that tadpoles lost their tail and became
shorter. This demonstrates that the at their age, they are incapable of using this new information.
Video response. Review the video on, page 11 of your book; from the 3 statements select which one(s)
are correct.
Statement 1. The children were unable to successfully set the table and the teacher had to help. This
demonstrates that the children mistrust their ability to perform the task.
Statement 2. These children are at the age where they are demonstrating initiative vs. guilt, taking on
grown-up roles.
Statement 3. The children are demonstrating the emergence of autonomy with muscular control and
both cognitive and language skills that help them take initiative.
Video response. Review the video on , page 15 of your book; from the 3 statements select which
one(s) are correct.
Statement 1. The teach illustrates social learning theory by modeling the process she would use to
study the lesson and presents it to the group.
Statement 2. In order for modeling to be effective, there must be a reward attached to motivate a child
to repeat the behavior.
Statement 3. The video suggests that modeling experiences could have been improved if the teacher
would have worked one to one with each student opposed to having them observe this exercise as a
group.
Developmental researchers use the term “goodness of fit” to refer to MATCH BETWEEN CAREGIVER’S
RESPONSE AND CHILD’S TEMPERMENT
For most mental illnesses and behavioral disorders, like alcoholism and clinical depression, the genetic
contribution can best be described as Polygeni
In Bowlby’s attachment theory, which of the following represents a primary outcome of the formation
of attachments in infancy? A working model of self of others and relationships
Which of the following statements is most accurate with regard to Piaget’s theory? Piaget believed in
the dynamic quality of stages and understood that children in the same stage could vary greatly in their
specific understanding of casualty, morality, etc
Harmon, the mother of 18-month-old Bryce, is concerned that Bryce has not learned to speak very well.
He has a limited vocabulary and seems content to point to the things he wants. Mrs. Harmon has read
several child development books which indicate that Bryce should be in the stage of language learning.
Mrs. Harmon fears that Bryce is not keeping up developmentally. Based on your understanding of the
timing of developmental stages, what would be your best advice? Developmental stages can be useful
guides but there is a range of normal development within stages
When considering the age of entry and the amount of time spent in day care, researchers have identified
a dose-response relationship which is associated with what outcome? Aggression and neediness at
school age
Recessive, defective gene alleles can cause hereditary disorders. It is estimated that most people carry
____________ recessive, defective alleles in their genotypes. 3 to 5
Jacinta, the mother of a 10-month-old baby boy, is concerned about her son’s increasing fussiness
when she leaves him with his babysitter each morning. Which explanation of his behavior is most likely
to be accurate? He is showing separation distress because his recognition memory is improving
In considering the major structures of the brain, which of these statements is FALSE. The Limbic
system is constructed of the activities in the midbrain area
Which of the following statements is NOT indicative of intergenerational transmission:
Intergenerational transmission is less likely for mothers with strong dissociative tendencies
Which of the following statements does not reflect contemporary critiques of Piagetian theory that
have experimental support? Infants frequently have the ability to mentally represent objects at birth
High levels of the hormone oxytocin plays an important role in early social bonding by Promoting
physical closeness and maternal stress
Assimilation can be described as ____________ and accommodation can be described as
____________. INCORPORATIING/RESTRUCTING INFORMATION
Bea is the mother of 4-month-old Alex. She has been depressed since Alex’s birth and is frequently
withdrawn. Because of Bea’s depression, we can expect that, in comparison to other 4-month-olds, Alex
experiences will display More fearfulness and turning away
