Question 1
2 out of 2 points
According to Vygotsky, language is one product of shared understanding among
members of a social group and may be considered a ____________ that facilitates
learning and thinking.
Selected
Answer:
Tool or
sign
Question 2
0 out of 2 points
When considering the age of entry and the amount of time spent in day care,
researchers have identified a dose-response relationship which is associated with
what outcome?
Selected
Answer:
sociability with peers at
school age
Question 3
2 out of 2 points
Contemporary developmentalists focus on which question concerning nature and
nurture?
Selected
Answer:
How do we explain the mechanisms by which nature and nurture
interact to affect development?
Question 4
0 out of 2 points
Video response. Review the video on, page 135 of your book; from the 3
statements select which one(s) are correct.
Statement 1: children across all cultures, experience separate anxiety, around 12
months old; this is consistent because of human genetic factors.
Statement 2: Cultural factors can influence children’s response to strangers, and
the existence of separation anxiety.
Statement 3: Only children who live in orphanages have a lower anxiety
response.
Selected
Answer:
Statement 1 & 2 are
correct
Question 5
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following statements is true about the effects of teratogens on the
developing fetus?
Selected
Answer:
The kind of damage done depends on the stage of development
during exposure.
Question 6
2 out of 2 points
The measure of social status that combines aspects of education background,
income, and occupation is called
Selected
Answer:
socioeconomic
status.
Question 7
2 out of 2 points
Mrs. Harmon, the mother of 18-month-old Bryce, is concerned that Bryce has not
learned to speak very well. He has a limited vocabulary and seems content to
point to the things he wants. Mrs. Harmon has read several child development
books which indicate that Bryce should be in the stage of language learning. Mrs.
Harmon fears that Bryce is not keeping up developmentally. Based on your
understanding of the timing of developmental stages, what would be your best
advice?
Selected
Answer:
Developmental stages can be useful guidelines, but there is a
range of normal development within stages.
Question 8
2 out of 2 points
Annette is a warm and affectionate mother to her sons, Jason and Keith. When
she comes home from her job, she likes to spend time playing with them,
preparing their favorite foods, and watching TV with them. She describes herself
as a “soft touch” when it comes to her children. Lately she has been hearing
complaints about 6-year-old Jason’s behavior in school. Annette thinks the
teacher is being too hard on her son. She does not want anything to affect the
good relationship she has with her children. Which style best describes Annette’s
parenting?
Selected
Answer:
Permissiv
e.
Question 9
2 out of 2 points
Which statement regarding the understanding of objects, in infancy is FALSE?
Selected
Answer:
The development of one sensory system does not influence the
development of other systems.
Question 10
2 out of 2 points
An attempt to forestall the development of problems by promoting health and
wellness in the general population is called
Selected
Answer:
primary
prevention.
Question 11
2 out of 2 points
One important lesson that people in helping professional can take from Piaget’s
and Vygotsky’s work is that
Selected
Answer:
Understanding how young clients think can help in structuring
interventions that build effectively on existing knowledge and
meanings.
Question 12
2 out of 2 points
Assimilation can be described as ____________ and accommodation can be
described as ____________.
Selected
Answer:
Incorporating information / restructuring
information.
Question 13
2 out of 2 points
Jacinta, the mother of a 10-month-old baby boy, is concerned about her son’s
increasing fussiness when she leaves him with his babysitter each morning.
Which explanation of his behavior is most likely to be accurate?
Selected
Answer:
He is showing separation distress because his recognition
memory is improving during this period.
Question 14
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following statements is most accurate with regard to Piaget’s
theory?
Selected
Answer:
Piaget believed in the dynamic quality of stages and understood
that children in the same stage could vary greatly in their specific
understanding of causality, morality, and so forth.
Question 15
2 out of 2 points
Which statement is NOT a contribution from Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory:
Selected
Answer:
Adult scaffolding affects executive fundctiona by minimalizing a
child’s ability to use private speech to solve problems.
Question 16
2 out of 2 points
Which statement is TRUE regarding the characteristic of attachment style:
Selected
Answer:
Infants produce contradictory behavior showing both an inclination
to approach the mother when stress and a tendency to avoid her
when she approaches when they have a disorganized-disoriented
attachment style.
Question 17
0 out of 2 points
Video response. Review the video on, page 79 of your book; from the 3
statements select which ones are correct.
Statement 1: The students demonstrate Piaget’s concreate operational thought,
only being able to understand previous learning and what they observe to be
true at this time.
Statement 2: The students demonstrate three processes of understanding:
adaption, assimilation and accommodation related to their knowledge of tadpole
development and the new information provided by the teacher, about their
growth.
Statement 3: The students were not able to understand that tadpoles lost their
tail and became shorter. This demonstrates that the at their age, they are
incapable of using this new information.
Selected
Answer:
Statement 1 is
correct.
Question 18
2 out of 2 points
In considering the major structures of the brain, which of these statements is
FALSE.
Selected
Answer:
The limbic system is constructed of the activities located in the
midbrain area, that impact complex thought processes.
Question 19
2 out of 2 points
Counselors must recognize the principle of ___________: Individual pathways of
development may result in a wide range of possible outcomes.
Selected
Answer:
multifinali
ty
Question 20
0 out of 2 points
Video response. Review the video on , page 15 of your book; from the 3
statements select which one(s) are correct.
Statement 1. The teach illustrates social learning theory by modeling the process
she would use to study the lesson and presents it to the group.
Statement 2. In order for modeling to be effective, there must be a reward
attached to motivate a child to repeat the behavior.
Statement 3. The video suggests that modeling experiences could have been
improved if the teacher would have worked one to one with each student
opposed to having them observe this exercise as a group.
Selected
Answer:
Statement 2 is
correct
Question 21
2 out of 2 points
High levels of the hormone oxytocin plays an important role in early social
bonding by
Selected
Answer:
Promoting physical closeness and reducing
maternal stress.
Question 22
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following statemet is FALSE regarding chronic stress during
pregnancy and its impact on the fetus?
Selected
Answer:
Stress during pregnancy, has no lasting effects
on the fetus.
Question 23
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following best represents early prenatal brain development?
Selected
Answer:
The hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain emerge from the neural
tube around the 25th day of gestation.
Question 24
2 out of 2 points
Video response. Review the video on, page 11 of your book; from the 3
statements select which one(s) are correct.
Statement 1. The children were unable to successfully set the table and the
teacher had to help. This demonstrates that the children mistrust their ability to
perform the task.
Statement 2. These children are at the age where they are demonstrating
initiative vs. guilt, taking on grown-up roles.
Statement 3. The children are demonstrating the emergence of autonomy with
muscular control and both cognitive and language skills that help them take
initiative.
Selected
Answer:
statement 2 and 3 are
correct
Question 25
2 out of 2 points
Using Erikson’s developmental theory as a framework, which of the following
statements is an accurate representation of his ideas?
Selected
Answer:
Successful resolution of a psychosocial crisis at each stage depends
upon having more positive than negative experiences in the area of
major concern.
Question 26
2 out of 2 points
Guidelines for the application of developmental research in helping professions
include
Selected
Answer:
keeping abreast of issues in the field and taking a
multidimensional view of the influences on an individual.
Question 27
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following statements does not reflect contemporary critiques of
Piagetian theory that have experimental support?
Selected
Answer:
Infants frequently have the ability to mentally represent
objects at birth.
Question 28
2 out of 2 points
Theories of development differ from opinion primarily because:
Selected
Answer:
they are based on scientific
research.
Question 29
2 out of 2 points
In considering infant mental health, helping professionals who work with young
children should take an active role in
Selected
Answer:
Providing support and information for
parents.
Question 30
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following is an accurate description of the long-term effects of
chronic
stress on the body?
Selected
Answer:
The ability of the immune system to fight infection and ward off
disease is compromised.
Question 31
2 out of 2 points
Ms. Dawson recently gave birth to twins, a girl and a boy. Which of the following
statements about them must be true?
Selected
Answer:
They are
dizygotic.
Question 32
2 out of 2 points
The adult attachment inventory (AAI) is used to assess the quality of attachment
that parent have established with their own infants. Which statement is
INCORRECT regarding the finds of Main and her colleagues:
Selected
Answer:
Parents with an unresolved-disorganized pattern, tend to have
infants with an anxious-ambivalent attachment style in stranger
situation tests.
Question 33
2 out of 2 points
In Bowlby’s attachment theory, which of the following represents a primary
outcome of the formation of attachments in infancy?
Selected
Answer:
A working model of self, of others, and of
relationships.
Question 34
2 out of 2 points
Infants form multiple attachments, to both mother and father and perhaps to a
sibling, grandparent, and so on. Which of the following statements is most
consistent with available data on the impact of these attachments?
Selected
Answer:
More than one secure attachment adds value, serving as a
further protective factor.
Question 35
2 out of 2 points
Basic emotions such as _____________ can be observed in young infants, but self-
conscious emotions such as ____________ only emerge in childhood.
Selected
Answer:
Surprise and fear / embarrassment
and pride
Question 36
2 out of 2 points
Developmentalists study what infants and children understand about other
people’s intentions, desires, beliefs, feelings, and so on. This field of study is
referred to as
Selected
Answer:
Theory of
mind.
Question 37
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following statements is NOT indicative of intergenerational
transmission:
Selected
Answer:
Intergenerational transmission is less likely for mothers with
strong dissociative tendencies.
Question 38
2 out of 2 points
Bea is the mother of 4-month-old Alex. She has been depressed since Alex’s
birth and is frequently withdrawn. Because of Bea’s depression, we can expect
that, in comparison to other 4-month-olds, Alex experiences will display
Selected
Answer:
More fearfulness and turning
away.
Question 39
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following is a true statement about the stability of infant
attachments?
Selected
Answer:
Changes in family stressors that lead to changes in caregiving
quality can lead to shifts in attachment quality.
Question 40
2 out of 2 points
Myelinization is the process which involves
Selected
Answer:
coating the axon with a fatty sheath that improves conduction of
electrical impulses.
Question 41
2 out of 2 points
At 10 months old, Suzie is very active, responds intensely to stimulation, avoids
new stimulation, and tends to be irritable and fussy. Her temperament would be
called
Selected
Answer:
Difficul
t.
Question 42
2 out of 2 points
Stage theories of development typically describe ____________ changes in
behavior, cognition, or social relationships.
Selected
Answer:
qualitati
ve
Question 43
2 out of 2 points
Which statement about cross-cultural influence on infant attachment is TRUE:
Selected
Answer:
In strange-situation-tests across cultures, a secure base is
indicated by distress when she is separated and comfort when she
returns.
Question 44
2 out of 2 points
Developmental researchers use the term “goodness of fit” to refer to
Selected The match between the caregiver’s responses to a child and the
Answer: child’s temperament.
Question 45
0 out of 2 points
The ability to use language to communicate effectively by using well-organized
narratives primarily depends upon the development of ____________ skill.
Selected
Answer:
Phonologic
al
Question 46
2 out of 2 points
For most mental illnesses and behavioral disorders, like alcoholism and clinical
depression, the genetic contribution can best be described as
Selected
Answer:
polygeni
c.
Question 47
2 out of 2 points
In one study, young rats exposed to stress vocalized their anxiety. Their mothers,
alerted to this distress, responded with diligent caregiving behavior that altered
the development of the hippocampus. Which of the following processes or
principles does this example demonstrate?
Selected
Answer:
Epigenes
is.
Question 48
2 out of 2 points
In Bronfenbrenner’s model, proximal processes refer to
Selected
Answer:
reciprocal interactions between an organism and its immediate
environment.
Question 49
2 out of 2 points
Sally, age 28, recently married John, age 45. They would like to have a child, but
they are concerned that they may be at high risk to have a child with a
chromosomal abnormality, like Down’s syndrome, because of John’s age. What is
their genetic counselor likely to tell them?
Selected
Answer:
They are at higher than average risk for some chromosomal
disorders because of John’s age, but not for Down’s syndrome.
Question 50
2 out of 2 points
Recessive, defective gene alleles can cause hereditary disorders. It is estimated
that most people carry ____________ recessive, defective alleles in their
genotypes.
Selected
Answer:
three to
five
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