Research Paper: Annotated Bibliography 1
Research Paper: Annotated Bibliography
School of Behavioral Sciences, Liberty University
Author Note
I have no known conflict of interest to disclose.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Research Paper:
Annotated Bibliography
Agudelo Cifuentes, M. C., Cardona Arango, D., Segura Cardona, A., & Restrepo Ochoa, D.
A. (2020). Elder abuse, a silent problem. Revista Facultad Nacional De Salud
Research Paper: Annotated Bibliography 2
Pública , 38 (2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfnsp.e331289
According to the study carried out by Agudelo Cifuentes et al., (2020), the abuse of
the elderly has roots in the culture and environment raised in relation to old age.
This type of abuse is not given much 'propaganda' compared to cases where victims
are women and children. Creating awareness strategies can improve the well-being
of older adults. This includes identifying potential victims and aggressors, as well as
supporting caregivers. The mistreatment of elderly people is increasing as the global
population ages, and we must address this issue.
Balea Fernández, F. J., González Medina, S., & Alonso Ramírez, J. (2020). Negligencia y
maltrato en mayores. Revista INFAD De Psicología. International Journal of
Developmental and Educational Psychology., 1(1), 235–246.
https://doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2020.n1.v1.1780
Balea et al., (2020) pointed out in their research that "one of the most common
factors in the abuse of the elderly is that they are fragile and depend, in most cases,
on a caregiver in the absence of a family member". Many times, the elderly are seen
as a burden and may generate negative behavior from their relatives. The
researchers referred to a study carried out in 2019 in which the prevalence of abuse
in older people was 52.6% where it was shown that abuse was a complex social
problem and that in many cases it is difficult to detect abuse.
Burnes, D., Connolly, M.T., Salvo, E., Kimball, P. F., Rogers, G., Lewis, S., & Meeks, S. (2023).
RISE: A conceptual model of integrated and restorative elder abuse intervention. The
Gerontologist., 63(6), 966–973.
https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnac083
In the research by Burnes et al. (2023), the objective of analyzing the consequences
of elder abuse and the available services to protect them was emphasized. They
sought to implement an integrated and restorative intervention model against elder
Research Paper: Annotated Bibliography 3
abuse. The purpose of this intervention model is the reintegration into the
community of the victim as well as the aggressor. The intervention model is based
on different levels, if the victim has the cognitive capacity and can express their
preferences in the service plan, if the client lacks the cognitive ability, a trusted
person must be identified who can make decisions for them, usually tutors and if
the clients are unable to participate and do not have a substitute to help them make
decisions, refers to the State for the appointment of a public guardian. .
Forero-Borda, L. M., Hoyos-Porto, S., Buitrago-Martínez, V., y Heredia-Ramírez, R. A.
(2019). Maltrato a las personas mayores: una revisión narrativa. Universitas Médicas,
60(4). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.umed60-4.malt
Forero-Borda et al. (2019) highlighted that "the elderly are often seen as burdens,
leading to negative attitudes. Family members may choose to rely on professional
caregivers instead of caring for their elderly relatives themselves". The authors
define elder abuse as actions or inactions that harm or distress an older person
within trusted relationships. Elder abuse and neglect usually occur due to a lack of
public services to support them. They are helpless and some of them have low
cognitive ability and cannot take care of themselves.
Fraga Dominguez, S., Ozguler, B., Storey, J. E., & Rogers, M. (2022). Elder abuse
vulnerability and risk factors: Is financial abuse different from other
subtypes? Journal of Applied Gerontology, 41(4), 928-
939. https://doi.org/10.1177/07334648211036402
Fraga-Dominguez, et al., (2022) studied the causes of elder abuse and also how
different financial abuse is from other abuses. They pointed out that though financial
abuse has been accorded less attention, it is the second most common abuse of the
elderly. Generally, perpetrators of financial abuse are not the immediate family of
the victim, though family members may be implicated if cases involving physical
Research Paper: Annotated Bibliography 4
abuse and neglect cases are included. The research by Metlife aimed at establishing
the prevalence, characteristics, as well as the nature of the relationship between the
victim and the aggressor whether the perpetrator was a relative. While the study
findings showed that there are relatively fewer risk factors than in other types of
abuses, this does not mean the elderly are less prone to financial exploitation but it
means more studies on this topic should be carried out.
Hakime, A., & Behice, E. (2020). The incidence and influencing factors of elder abuse and
neglect. Journal of Public Health, 28(5), 525-533. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-
019-01071-7
A study conducted by Hakime and Behice, (2020), tried to determine the level of
abuse or neglect done to the elderly population, that is those 65 years and above
and which factors were associated with abuse/neglect in this group. Socio-
demographic details collected on the respondents indicated that from those under
study, a staggering 56.5% were reported to suffer some degree of neglect. The
research indicated that the prevalence rate was higher among females than males
and that the lower the income and educational status, the higher the susceptibility
to abuse.
Marshall, K., Herbst, J., Girod, C., & Annor, F. (2020). Do interventions to prevent or stop
abuse and neglect among older adults work? A systematic review of reviews. Journal
of Elder Abuse & Neglect, 32(5), 409–433.
https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2020.1819926
Marshall et al. (2020) pointed out the necessity for effective approaches to prevent
elder abuse and neglect. Their study aims to showcase evidence of methods to
diminish and prevent elder abuse and neglect within the community. The authors
examined various studies focusing on individuals aged 60 and older, the types of
preventive measures, and their correlation with different forms of abuse and neglect.
Research Paper: Annotated Bibliography 5
Their review led them to conclude that there is a demand for further research in the
future concerning the evaluation of strategies or the exploration of new prevention
methods.
Maxwell, C. D., Almanza, K. R., & Pickering, C. E. Z. (2023). Coordinated community response
to prevent elder abuse, neglect, and financial exploitation: randomized control trial.
Journal of Experimental Criminology, 19(4), 1067-1083.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-022-09521-1
Maxwell et al., (2023), research aimed to test the model Community Complex Care
Response Team (C3RT). This model “aims to reduce the social determinants that
contribute to the victimization of vulnerable older people, to promote their
independence and self-care in a safe way in the community”. Unfortunately, the
implementation of the Community Complex Care Response Team encountered
significant challenges, ultimately leading to its failure. Observations indicate that the
program may not have had the necessary advancements or resources to effectively
engage with community interventions.
Mogaka, E., Rodman, C., Partheeban, M., Mitchell, B., & Gautam, V. (2024). Elder Abuse and
Neglect in Long Term Care Facilities in America : A systematic Review.
University of Toronto Medical Journal, 101(2).
https://doi.org/10.33137/utmj.v101i2.39203
The abuse of the elderly can include physical violence and fatalities. Among the
various forms of abuse are sexual, psychological, neglect, and financial exploitation.
Elder abuse and neglect in long-term care facilities often have their origin in
insufficient staff training, inadequate pay, and caregiver depression. Mogaka et al.,
(2024) conclude in their study that, despite significant efforts by some organizations
to eliminate abuse and neglect, there is a need for more awareness, additional
research, and increased funding to establish a reliable body of knowledge for
Research Paper: Annotated Bibliography 6
relevant policymakers. Also, the aggressors are mostly family members, friends,
nursing home providers, or professional caregivers and physicians.
Yang, Y., Wen, M., & Salari, S. (2024). Elder mistreatment and psychological resilience: the
moderating role of social support. Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect, 36(5), 423–438.
https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2024.2351005
Yang et al., (2024) conducted a study to examine the aftermath of elder abuse and
resilience. Adults between 60 and 79 years of age living in the community
participated. The types of abuse including verbal, physical, or financial exploitation
were investigated. Abused participants who reported having more social support
were more resilient than those without an available support resource.
The researchers' hypothesis was based on the theory of the stress process. A stressful
event or situation is one that adversely impacts health and overall well-being.
Individuals rely on various personal and social resources to enhance their ability to
manage a particular stressor when faced with an unpleasant situation perceived as
draining or overwhelming, employing coping strategies. They choose different
strategies to manage the stress they experience.
