Quiz: Water, Vitamins, Minerals, Diet Planning and Supplements
1. What is the primary source of sodium in the average American diet?
Using a saltshaker to add sodium to food
Consuming food and fluid that naturally contain sodium
Consuming processed food
Consuming foods such as milk, vegetables, and grains
2. Which accounts for the largest amount of water loss in a sedentary individual?
Feces Lungs Perspiration Urine
3. When body fluid levels are below normal this is called ____.
hypohydration euhydration hyperhydration dehydration
4. On average, an adult’s body contains approximately ____ percent water (by
weight): 20 40 60 80
5. According to the assigned reading, hyponatremia is defined as a plasma sodium
concentration below 135 mmol/L. True False
6. Two factors that may be associated with hyponatremia are ____.
large losses of sodium in sweat and low water intake
large losses of sodium in sweat and excessive water intake
intake of salt tablets and low water intake
intake of excess bananas and excessive water intake
7. Athletes who train and perform in the water, such as swimmers and water polo
players, rarely sweat while in the water. True False
8. It would be inappropriate to use scale weight to monitor exercise-related fluid
loss and subsequent rehydration with which of the following athletes?
Endurance athlete exercising in the heat
Endurance athlete exercising in humid conditions
Strength athlete
Athlete struggling with body image
9. Glycerol is an osmotically active, water-retaining molecule. True False
10. Which of the following is a true statement regarding sodium excretion?
Urinary sodium excretion is precisely controlled by the kidneys.
If sodium intake is high, most of the excess sodium is excreted via sweat.
If sodium intake is high, most of the excess sodium is excreted via the feces.
Excess sodium intake is difficult to excrete and any excess is stored in the liver.
11. Approximately how much sweat can an athlete lose each hour when exercising
in a hot and humid environment? 1 milliliter per hour 1 liter per hour
1 gallon per hour 25 cups per hour
12. It could be unsafe to make a blanket recommendation for fluid intake during
exercise for all members of the same team. True False
13. When an athlete is hypohydrated, ____.
core temperature during exercise is lower than when euhydrated
heat dissipation is impaired and body temperature rises
endurance exercise performance is higher than when euhydrated
the amount of water present easily meets the amount required for physiological
functions
14. Sweat works to cool the body through ___.
evaporation reabsorption condensation rehydration
15. Which athlete is most likely to suffer from hyponatremia?
A team athlete such as a football player
A strength athlete such as a body builder
A slow marathon runner
A soccer player
16. What vitamin(s) is/are only found in foods of animal origin?
Vitamin B1 Vitamin B6 Vitamin B12 All of these are correct
17. The vitamin contained in coenzymes necessary for oxidation-reduction
reactions in the production of ATP is ____.
thiamin riboflavin vitamin B6 vitamin B12
18. According to the assigned reading, in general, how long does it take vitamin
toxicities to develop? Several days to a few weeks Several weeks to a few months
Several months to a few years Many decades
19. According to the current body of scientific research, what effect does exercise
have on an athlete’s vitamin requirements?
Increases the need substantially, making vitamin supplementation necessary
Increases the need substantially, but supplementation not necessary
Increases the need slightly, but supplementation not necessary
Has no effect on the amount needed
20. If a Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) has been established, it must appear on
the label of a vitamin supplement. True False
21. How are vitamin C and vitamin E related?
Vitamin C regenerates vitamin E after it has been oxidized.
Vitamin E regenerates vitamin C after it has been oxidized.
Both are antioxidants involved in reactions in extracellular tissue.
Both are antioxidants involved in intracellular reactions.
22. The vitamin that is part of NAD and NADP is ____.
pantothenic acid vitamin B1 (thiamin)
vitamin B2 (riboflavin) vitamin B3 (niacin)
23. When supplemented at high doses, the vitamin that may be toxic to nervous
tissue is ____. thiamin riboflavin niacin vitamin B6
24. The main function of vitamin E is to act as a(n) ____. coenzyme free radical
fat antioxidant
25. There is strong evidence that exercise substantially increases the need for most
vitamins. True False
26. Milk and milk products are excellent sources of ____.
vitamin B1 (thiamin) vitamin B2 (riboflavin) vitamin B3 (niacin) vitamin C
27. The need for which vitamin increases with age?
Vitamin B1 Vitamin B2 Vitamin C Vitamin D
28. Which vitamin forms a part of coenzyme A?
Thiamin Riboflavin Folic acid (folate) Pantothenic acid
29. When iron-deficiency anemia is present, aerobic capacity declines and
subsequently increases with iron supplementation. True False
30. According to the text, excretion of minerals is generally ____.
zero low moderate high
31. Which of the following is classified as a trace mineral?
Phosphorus Magnesium Calcium Iron
32. Prime examples of minerals that act as electrolytes and help to maintain body
fluid balance are ____.
calcium, iron, and phosphorus sodium, potassium, and chloride
iodine, manganese, and selenium copper, zinc, and fluorine
33. What is the potential problem with consuming excess supplemental zinc?
Anorexic (appetite suppressing) effect Increase in urinary tract infections
Interference with iron absorption Excessive bruising
34. What is myoglobin? Storage form of hemoglobin
Transport form of hemoglobin Iron-containing protein found in the liver
Iron-containing protein found in muscle fibers
35. Calcium metabolism is under substantial hormonal control. True False
36. How many minerals have been identified as essential?
9 15 Incorrect Answer 21 27
37. A dietary source of magnesium is ____. leafy green vegetables milk meat beer
38. Osteopenia is known as a subclinical calcium deficiency. True False
39. A good source of zinc is ____. table salt mushrooms
meat green leafy vegetables
40. According to the text, a mineral that is under substantial hormonal control is
____. zinc iron calcium selenium
41. According to the assigned reading, daily caffeine intake of up to ____ mg does
not seem to affect an athlete’s hydration or electrolyte status. 200 300 450 550
42. What is the relationship between multivitamin and mineral supplements and
athletic performance?
A multivitamin and mineral supplement taken together improves performance.
A multivitamin and mineral supplement will improve performance in all athletes.
A multivitamin and mineral supplement has been shown to decrease performance.
A multivitamin and mineral supplement is not likely to improve performance in
those without nutrient deficiencies.
43. Nutrient density is a concept based on the relationship between ____.
protein and vitamins/minerals essential and nonessential nutrients
nutrients and kilocalories fat and sugar
44. It is recommended that athletes consume no less than ____ kcal/kg daily,
because it is difficult to consume an adequate amount of nutrients. 20 25 30
35 Incorrect Answer
45. One drink of an alcoholic beverage contains approximately how many kcal?
50 to 100 100 to 150 150 to 200 200 to 300
46. What dietary supplement may result in an increase in nitric oxide, which
influences blood flow and may reduce the oxygen cost of submaximal aerobic
exercise? Chromium Antioxidant vitamins
Beet juice Branched chained amino acids
47. Endogenous carbohydrates are limited to muscle glycogen, liver glycogen, and
blood glucose and together provide approximately ____ kcal of carbohydrates.
500 1,000 1,500 2,000
48. What micronutrient is of concern for someone following the “Paleo” diet?
Calcium Vitamin A Vitamin E Potassium
49. Postexercise protein intake, properly timed, is beneficial to muscle protein
anabolism. True False
50. Too large a volume of food or fluid consumed too close to exercise can result in
gastrointestinal distress because ____.
hormones related to nausea and vomiting are released
the autonomic nervous system is negatively affected
heart rate is reduced when the stomach is full
the onset of exercise increases the blood flow to muscles and decreases the blood
flow to the gastrointestinal tract
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