Quiz: Carbohydrates, Fats, and Protein
Question 1
What does the glycemic index (GI) measure?
Degree of sweetness. Potential for oxidation as a fuel source.
Level of gastrointestinal distress. Extent of blood glucose elevation
Question 2
What is the intended meaning of the marketing term “low-impact carbs”?
Carbohydrate foods that are burned for energy rather than stored as fat.
Carbohydrate foods with fewer kilocalories than similar products.
Carbohydrate foods that result in a slow rise in blood glucose and insulin.
Carbohydrate foods that contain both simple and complex carbohydrates.
Question 3
A food that has a high glycemic index (GI) produces a ____.
rapid rise in blood glucose and a slow insulin response
rapid rise in both blood glucose and insulin concentrations
slow rise in both blood glucose and insulin concentrations
slow rise in blood glucose and a rapid rise in insulin
Question 4
Which of the following is considered a functional fiber? Cellulose, Glycogen, Glucose, Maltose
Question 5
Fructose does not appear in the blood after absorption because it is ____.
used immediately by the intestinal cells for energy
transported via the lymphatic system and taken up by cells immediately
efficiently captured by the liver and converted to glucose
absorbed by epithelial cells and remains there
Question 6
Which of the following will metabolize glucose exclusively or preferentially via anaerobic glycolysis?
Mitochondria. Fast-twitch muscle fibers. Slow-twitch muscle fibers. Heart muscle cells
Question 7
Polysaccharides are chains of glucose and include starchy foods and muscle glycogen. True False
Question 8
Ultra-endurance athletes may require up to 12 g/kg/day of carbohydrate to fuel their activities. True False
Question 9
Sucrose, lactose, and maltose are disaccharides. True False
Question 10
What is the advantage of consuming a drink with glucose polymers during endurance exercise?
It provides electrolytes as well as carbohydrate. It provides a slow, steady supply of glucose into the blood.
It provides glucose to the blood more rapidly than other carbohydrates.
It provides more kcal/g than other carbohydrates.
Question 11
Which organ controls blood glucose by secreting insulin and glucagon? Pancreas, Liver, Kidney, Adrenal gland
Question 12
In the original carbohydrate loading protocol, why does the athlete reduce carbohydrate intake and engage in
exhaustive exercise?
To deplete muscle glycogen stores as much as possible. To be mentally challenged before the race.
To force the body to use more fat during the race. To reduce body fat prior to competition.
Question 13
Sucrose is also known as ____.
table sugar, milk sugar, blood sugar, honey
Question 14
All starches are eventually broken down to their basic component—glucose. True False
Question 15
Why are many people unable to digest milk sugar?
They lack pancreatic amylase. They lack the proper intestinal bacteria.
They were not breast-fed. They have a lactase deficiency.
Question 16
Exercise is not encouraged for individuals with type 2 diabetes. True False
Question 17
Indispensable refers to amino acids that the body cannot manufacture. True False
Question 18
The amount of protein recommended daily for adults is ____.
0.5 g/kg of body weight, 0.8 g/kg of body weight, 1.2 g/kg of body weight, 1.4 g/kg of body weight
Question 19
Most plant proteins are termed complete proteins because they contain all the indispensable amino acids in the
proper amounts and proportions to each other to prevent amino acid deficiencies and to support growth. True False
Question 20
What is nitrogen balance?
The amount of protein synthesized compared to the amount of glucose synthesized.
The amount and rate of protein turnover. The difference between nitrogen intake and loss.
The difference between the amount of protein absorbed and the amount incorporated into skeletal muscle.
Question 21
One gram of protein yields approximately how many kcal? 1, 4, 7, 9
Question 22
The amino acids in casein are absorbed faster than the amino acids in whey. True False
Question 23
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a metabolite of ____. Alanine, phenylalanine, glutamine, leucine.
Question 24
According to the assigned reading athletes with eating disorders are likely to have low protein intakes. True False
Question 25
An enzyme is a protein that ____.
regulates metabolic processes, speeds up (catalyzes) chemical reactions
helps the body to achieve acid-base balance and optimal pH, helps maintain fluid balance
Question 26
When skeletal muscle is catabolized, the amino acids are returned to the amino acid pool.
True False
Question 27
Polypeptides are synthesized on mitochondria. True False
Question 28
Dispensable amino acids are absorbed more rapidly than indispensable amino acids. True False
Question 29
The _____ system is highly dependent on protein because of rapid cell turnover.
Renal, immune, neurological, cardiovascular
Question 30
Maximum protein synthesis takes place with an intake of _____ of high-quality protein post-exercise.
an unknown quantity,15 grams, 25 grams, 45 grams
Question 31
Absorption of amino acids requires which of the following?
Bile, Energy from ATP, Chylomicrons, Albumin
Question 32
Which of the following statements is true regarding amino acid supplementation?
The supplements appear to be effective at recommended dose.
Amino acid supplementation is not safe.
Supplementation typically raises the concentration of amino acids above the normal level.
Possible contamination is not an issue.
Question 33
Why do athletes who restrict their energy intakes need more protein?
More protein will be burned for energy.
Protein is converted to muscle glycogen when carbohydrate intake is restricted.
Protein maintains fluid balance.
Protein spares muscle glycogen from being used during exercise.
Question 34
Most unsaturated fatty acids occur naturally in the trans form. True False
Question 35
How many kilocalories are in each gram of fat? 2, 4, 7, 9
Question 36
Which food is likely to contain hydrogenated oil? Whole milk. Corn on the cob. Baked potato. Stick margarine
Question 37
A very general guideline for daily fat intake by athletes is approximately how much?
0.5 g/kg,1.0 g/kg, 3.0 g/kg,5.0 g/kg
Question 38
To distinguish eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from alpha-linolenic acid (ALA),
what term is often used? Animal-based omega-3. Fish-based omega-3. Marine omega-3 . Aquatic omega-3
Question 39
Some research suggests that long-term consumption of a diet that is high in fat will result in a metabolic adaptation
to favor fat oxidation at rest and during exercise of certain intensities. True False
Question 40
What is the most common transport protein for fatty acids that have been mobilized from adipose tissue?
Albumin. Branch chained amino acids. Carnitine. Glycerol.
Question 41
What is esterification?
Another term for beta-oxidation. The production of ketones from fat.
The utilization of fat by slow-twitch muscle fibers. The process of triglyceride formation.
Question 42
Fat cannot be stored in muscle. True False
Question 43
According to the reading, what is the BEST answer as to why an endurance athlete might limit the amount of fat in a
pre-competition meal?
To contribute to faster dehydration. To delay gastric emptying.
To slow the metabolism of carbohydrate. To avoid feeling hungry.
Question 44
Medium-chain triglyceride supplements have been shown to be effective for increasing the percentage of energy
obtained from fat and for sparing muscle glycogen. True False
Question 45
Why is a carbohydrate-restricted diet that results in ketosis not recommended for non-diabetic athletes?
The risk of developing ketoacidosis is too great and potentially fatal
Not enough weight would be lost
The ability to train would be diminished due to inadequate replenishment of glycogen stores
Loss of weight as fat would inhibit training at higher intensities
Question 46
When the body needs to utilize triglycerides stored in adipocytes, the enzyme that stimulates the breakdown of
triglycerides and the release of fatty acids from adipocytes is ____.
pancreatic lipase, lipoprotein lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase, carnitine acyl transferase
Question 47
Triglycerides found in food contain ____.
saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, a combination of fatty acids
Question 48
The majority of energy for low- to moderate-intensity exercise will come from triglycerides stored in adipose and
muscle cells. True False
Question 49
What is the most important factor in weight (fat) loss?
Exercise intensity. Total caloric expenditure.
Use of fat as a fuel source during exercise. Elimination of calories derived from alcohol
Question 50
With the onset of moderate-intensity, steady-state exercise, approximately how long does it take for fat oxidation to
reach its maximal rate of activity?
1 to 2 minutes. 10 to 20 minutes. 30 to 45 minutes. At least one hour
