Question 1
1.5 / 1.5 pts
1,000 people are enrolled in a 10-year cohort study. At the start of the study, 100 have diagnosed
CVD. Over the course of the study, 80 people who were free of CVD at baseline develop CVD.
What is the cumulative incidence at 10 years?
0.50
0.10
1
0.089
Question 2
1.5 / 1.5 pts
The most appropriate study design depends, among other things, on the distribution of
The participants
The outcome in the population of interest
The risk factor in the population of interest & The outcome in the population of interest
The risk factor in the population of interest
Question 3
1.5 / 1.5 pts
Odds ratio can be used to approximate the relative risk when the disease under study is rare.
True
False
Question 4
1.5 / 1.5 pts
The measure of uncertainty in a biostatistician’s calculation of a particular outcome that may
result from using a subset of the population to estimate the actual likelihood of the event
occurring in the population as a whole is referred to by what statistical term?
A margin of error
A chance error
A systematic error
A standard error
Question 5
1.5 / 1.5 pts
Clinical trials are regulated in the United States by the Environmental Protection Agency.
True
False
I Question 6
0 / 1.5 pts
Assume a new measure of Intelligence Quotient (or IQ) has been developed. The mean IQ for
the population is 100 and the standard deviation is 15. The standard deviation indicates the
average distance an individual data value is from the mean is about 15 IQ points.
True
False
Question 7
1.5 / 1.5 pts
Which study type is usually conducted at a point in time?
A clinical trial
A cross-sectional survey
A cohort study
A case control study
I Question 8
0 / 1.5 pts
Incidence of disease is the proportion of individuals with the condition (disease) at a single point
in time
True
False
Question 9
1.5 / 1.5 pts
Calculate the mean blood glucose level for a study measuring the blood glucose levels of 10
individuals whose blood glucose readings were as follows: 88, 97, 101, 104, 104, 107, 109, 117,
121, and 147.
104.0
105.5
109.5
117.0
Question 10
1.5 / 1.5 pts
An investigator wants to assess whether hypertension is a risk factor for coronary heart disease.
Electronic medical records at a local hospital will be used to identify 100 patients with coronary
heart disease. Fifty patients who are similar but free of coronary heart disease will also be
selected. Each participant’s medical record will be analyzed for smoking history. The type of
study proposed is a Cohort Study.
True
False
Question 11
1.5 / 1.5 pts
In a study, some patients were not followed for a total of 10 years. Some suffered events (i.e.,
developed coronary artery disease during follow-up), whereas others dropped out of the study.
The following table displays the total number of person-years of follow-up in each group.
Number with Coronary
Artery Disease
Total Follow-Up (years)
High Blood Pressure
medication
16
3200
Placebo
28
2750
The incidence rate of coronary artery disease in patients receiving placebo is approximately:
16 per 1000 person-years
None of the above
10 per 1000 person-years
5 per 1000 person-years
Question 12
1.5 / 1.5 pts
The term clinical means that the study involves people.
True
False
Question 13
1.5 / 1.5 pts
Confounding is usually a major issue in cohort studies.
True
False
Question 14
1.5 / 1.5 pts
Two types of medical devices used for knee replacement are being studied to see if the type of
knee replacement used affects the rate of infection for a specific bacterial infection. The infection
rate for a specific bacterial infection after surgery for device A is 0.0043. The rate for the same
bacterial infection is 0.0121 for device B. How does the risk of developing the bacterial infection
in individuals using device B compare to the risk of developing the bacterial infection in
individuals using device A?
Individuals using device B are 2.814 times more likely to develop the bacterial infection of
interest than individuals using device A.
Individual using device B are 1.35 times more likely to develop the bacterial infection of interest
that individuals using device B.
Individuals using device A are 2.814 times more likely to develop the bacterial infection of
interest than individuals using device B.
Individuals using device A are 1.35 times more likely to develop the bacterial infection of
interest than individuals using device B.
Question 15
1.5 / 1.5 pts
Calculate the point prevalence for Alzheimer’s disease among individuals 65 years of age or
older in a county that has 200,000 individuals who are 65 years of age or older, if 22,223
individuals who are 65 years of age or older have the disease.
0.8889
0.9889
0.1111
0.0111
Question 16
1.5 / 1.5 pts
The following data were collected as part of a study of tea consumption among undergraduate
students in England. The following reflect cups per day consumed:
5 7 6 9 4 1 2 2
According to the data they are no outliers.
True
False
Question 17
1.5 / 1.5 pts
What is the ideal study design from a statistical point of view?
Clinical trial
A&B
None of the above
Observational studies
Question 18
1.5 / 1.5 pts
Biostatistics is integral to the field of epidemiology, which is defined as study of health and
illness in human populations, patterns of health or disease, and the factors that influence these
patterns.
True
False
Question 19
1.5 / 1.5 pts
The following data were collected as part of a study of coffee consumption among graduate
students. The following reflect cups per day consumed: 3, 4, 6, 8 ,2, 1, 0, and 2. The standard
deviation is approximately 4.
True
False
Question 20
1.5 / 1.5 pts
Which type of study design can assess temporal relationship?
A clinical trial
A cross over trial
A case control study
A cohort study
Question 21
1.5 / 1.5 pts
Calculate the lower quartile of the data set for the blood glucose levels of 10 individuals whose
blood glucose readings were as follows: 88, 97, 101, 104, 104, 107, 109, 117, 121, and 147.
109.5
88.0
101.0
104.0
I Question 22
0 / 1.5 pts
The Cumulative incidence is computed as the number of persons who develop a disease during a
specified period over the number of persons examined at baseline
True
False
Question 23
1.5 / 1.5 pts
Five hundred people are enrolled in a 10-year cohort study. At the start of the study, 50 have
diagnosed CVD. Over the course of the study, 40 people who were free of CVD at baseline
develop CVD. The prevalence of CVD at 10 years is 10%
True
False
Question 24
1.5 / 1.5 pts
The following data were collected as part of a study of tea consumption among undergraduate
students in England. The following reflect cups per day consumed:
5 7 6 9 4 1 2 2
According to the data the median is:
7
4.5
2
6
Question 25
1.5 / 1.5 pts
Race is an example of which type of variable?
Continuous variable
Categorical variable
Ordinal variable
Dichotomous variable
Question 26
1.5 / 1.5 pts
An investigator reviewed the medical records of 200 children seen for care at Boston Medical
Center in the past year who were between the ages 8 and 12 and identified 40 children with
asthma. He also identified 40 children of the same ages who were free of asthma. Each child and
their family were interviewed to assess whether there might be an association between certain
environmental factors such as exposure to second-hand smoke. This study is an example of a:
Cohort Study
Crossover Trial
Case-Control Study
Randomized Control Trial
Question 27
1.5 / 1.5 pts
The following data were collected as part of a study of tea consumption among undergraduate
students in England. The following reflect cups per day consumed:
5 7 6 9 4 1 2 2
According to the data, which measure, is a better measure of dispersion?
Median
Interquartile Range
Mode
Standard Deviation
Question 28
1.5 / 1.5 pts
Which of the following types of graphics would be most useful in demonstrating the frequency
of a given outcome as it relates to an ordinal variable?
Histogram
Box plot
Pie chart
Bar chart
Question 29
1.5 / 1.5 pts
Understanding biostatistical principles is critical to public health education.
True
False
Question 30
1.5 / 1.5 pts
A fungal meningitis outbreak has been traced back to a particular compound pharmacy selling a
specific injectable drug that is suspected to have been contaminated. In the past 4 weeks 15,051
patients were given the medication, and of those patients 72 individuals contracted fungal
meningitis. What is the cumulative incidence for meningitis among those individuals who the
medication was administered to?
0.1478
0.0048
0.4783
0.0478
Question 31
1.5 / 1.5 pts
Risk difference may sometimes be referred to as excess risk.
True
False
Question 32
1.5 / 1.5 pts
Two thousand are enrolled in a 20-year cohort study. At the start of the study, No one was
diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. Over the course of the study, 100 people who were free
of cardiovascular disease at baseline develop cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of
cardiovascular disease at baseline is 0.
True
False
Question 33
1.5 / 1.5 pts
A subset of the population of interest is often referred to by what statistical term?
A class of individuals
A subculture of individuals
A sample of individuals
A minority group
Question 34
1.5 / 1.5 pts
In a study, some patients were not followed for a total of 10 years. Some suffered events (i.e.,
developed coronary artery disease during follow-up), whereas others dropped out of the study.
The following table displays the total number of person-years of follow-up in each group.
Number with Coronary
Artery Disease
Total Follow-Up (years)
High Blood Pressure
medication
16
3200
Placebo
28
2750
The incidence rate of coronary artery disease in patients receiving the new medication (High
Blood Pressure medication) is approximately:
16 per 1000 person-years
5 per 1000 person-years
8 per 1000 person-years
None of the above
Question 35
1.5 / 1.5 pts
A study that is conducted at a single point in time is known as:
A cross-sectional study
A clinical trial
A randomized-controlled Trial
A cohort study
Question 36
1.5 / 1.5 pts
The mean is the best measure of typical value (central tendency) when they are outliers present
in the data.
True
False
I Question 37
0 / 1.5 pts
The applicability of the research results to a specific population obtained from a biostatistics
study is best determined by which of the following?
The specifics of the study’s treatment protocol
Whether or not the study was randomized
How the data obtained in the study is managed
The inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study
I Question 38
0 / 1.5 pts
Confounding is the major issue in clinical trials.
True
False
Question 39
1.5 / 1.5 pts
The best measure of central tendency for systolic blood pressure readings obtained from a
population of 7 individuals whose systolic blood pressure readings were 101, 104, 108, 109, 111,
112, and 160 is the mean.
True
False
Question 40
1.5 / 1.5 pts
The proportion of the sample with disease is computed by taking the ratio of the number with
disease to the total sample size.
True
False
Question 41
1.5 / 1.5 pts
An active-control trial is the best option for researchers hoping to test a newly devised therapy
for a life-threatening illness among individuals with the illness, when a previously devised
treatment is available for the illness.
True
False
I Question 42
0 / 1.5 pts
In a study measuring the frequency of pain scores of patients on a scale from 1 to 10 for a
specific type of pain relief therapy, the pain score variable would best be described as which type
of variable?
Dichotomous variable
Categorical variable
Continuous variable
Ordinal variable
Question 43
1.5 / 1.5 pts
A nested case-control study is a specific type of case-control study that is usually designed from
a cohort study.
True
False
Question 44
1.5 / 1.5 pts
Misclassification bias often occurs in case-control studies.
True
False
Question 45
1.5 / 1.5 pts
The median of a group of individuals’ BMIs whose BMIs are 20.47, 21.92, 23.32, 23.41, 25.7,
and 30.1 is approximately 24.15.
True
False
Question 46
1.5 / 1.5 pts
The population attributable risk is usually expressed as a percentage and ranges from 0% to
100%.
True
False
Question 47
1.5 / 1.5 pts
The best numerical summaries for dichotomous, ordinal, and categorical variables are relative
frequencies.
True
False
Question 48
1.5 / 1.5 pts
Among individuals who eat a healthy diet and exercise frequently the point prevalence of
hypertension is 0.09. Individuals subject to poverty, making it more difficult for them to eat a
healthy diet and exercise frequently, have a 0.31 point prevalence for hypertension. What is the
risk difference between the two groups?
0.29
0.78
0.76
0.22
Question 49
1.5 / 1.5 pts
A design that is a very detailed report of the specific features of a particular participant or case is
known as?
Per protocol design
Quasi-experimental design
Case report
Cross-sectional design
Question 50
1.5 / 1.5 pts
A clinical trial is an observational study design.
True
False
Quiz Score: 66 out of 75
