EXSC-510 Advanced Exercise Physiology TQA #2
1. Describe the three types of muscle and which part(s) of the nervous system control and/or
have influence over them.
2. What are the different components of a motor unit? How does its anatomy affect nerve
impulse transmission?
3. Describe in detail the anatomy/structure of skeletal muscle along with its tendinous
attachment to the bone.
4. What is the structure of a sarcomere, and how is it affected by a concentric muscle
contraction?
5. What components make up the triad within a muscle fiber, and how are they related?
6. What are the 5 phases of a muscle contraction, and what occurs during each phase?
7. Describe what a neuromuscular junction is, what occurs at it, and what results from the
action potential initiated by it?
8. Explain the steps involved in the sliding filament theory. How does this change during an
eccentric muscle contraction?
9. What factors determine the categorization of muscle fiber types?
10. Compare and contrast slow twitch vs fast twitch muscle fiber types. Which type would be
better for lifting a heavy couch with Cody sitting on it and why?
11. What determines muscle fiber type? And how can it change with aging?
12. What activity types are ST and FT muscles suited for? Give an example for each.
13. What factors determine the amount of peak power able to be generated by muscle fibers?
14. Describe the relationship between the all-or-none principle, orderly of recruitment of
motor units, and Heneman’s size principle.
15. What is/are the difference(s) between synapses between neurons and the neuromuscular
junction?
16. Describe the functional classification of muscles and provide multiple examples of each.
17. List and describe several factors that influence force generation.
18. Compare strength, power, and muscular endurance and which fiber types are best suited
for each?
19. If an athlete that is being assessed completes a 1 RM squat but after adequate recovery is
unable to complete the equivalent 10 RM, what is likely to be occurring physiologically?
Which muscle fiber type is more proficient for each lift?
20. How does strength/power training differ from muscular endurance training in regard to
sets, reps, and intensities?
21. List and describe the mechanisms of gains in muscle strength after a resistance training
program. Which mechanism is most associated with early strength gains?
22. Athlete A has a bicep circumference of 32’ while athlete B has a 45’ bicep, which athlete
would have a stronger bicep curl? Would you be able to tell? Why or why not?
23. What type of resistance training (i.e. high vs low intensity, long vs short rest periods) is
best suited for muscle hypertrophy training, and what occurs as a result?
24. Describe the satellite cell response to injury and how it influences hypertrophy and/or
hyperplasia.
25. If an athlete were to undergo an extended period of de-training, what potential effects
may occur within the muscle?
26. An individual completed a 6 month training program and was able to achieve their
strength and hypertrophy goals. Shortly after, their boss promotes them to a new position
that requires them to travel across the country for the next 6 months. The individual is
worried about losing their gains from the program they just completed. Is it possible for
the individual to maintain their strength despite not being able to exercise as much as
they did previously? If so, how?
27. Describe how muscle fibers can change characteristics and even possibly change fiber
type with different modes of training.
28. What is the difference between acute muscle soreness and delayed-onset muscle soreness
(DOMS)? What effects do DOMS have on muscle, and how may it affect performance?
29. What steps can an individual take to decrease muscle soreness and DOMS?
30. What factors contribute to the onset of exercise-associated muscle cramps? What are
effective treatment and preventative strategies?
31. Describe the process of performing a needs analysis when designing a resistance training
program for a collegiate soccer midfielder. More specifically, what questions/issues need
to be addressed both in the context of the sport and of the individual?
32. Describe the appropriate resistance (i.e. reps, sets, intensity, rest periods) generally
recommended for the training goals of strength, power, muscular endurance, and
hypertrophy, respectively.
33. What is the process of periodization? How does it affect training foci throughout a sport
macrocycle?
34. Describe the organization of the nervous system and how the divisions are related and
communicate with one another.
35. Explain what a nerve impulse is and how it travels between neurons and to target tissues
(i.e. a group of muscle fibers)?
36. What is resting membrane potential, and what factors affect the charge of a cell?
37. Explain the various changes that may occur to a cell’s membrane potential.
38. Describe the relationship between action potentials, minimum threshold, and the all-or-
none principle.
39. Describe the events that occur during an action potential and what factors influence the
velocity and firing frequency of an action potential.
40. Describe the structure and function of a neural synapse and how it controls nerve impulse
transmission.
41. What is the neuromuscular junction? How does an action potential occur and where does
it travel from the junction?
42. Describe the 5 different types of sensory receptors. Additionally, describe the nerve
endings that are found within muscles and joints.
43. What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system, and how are they related?
44. List and describe the steps involved in sensory-motor integration.
45. What are the different potential integration centers involved in sensory-motor integration,
and what does each center control?
46. Describe how movement is consciously controlled by the nervous system.
47. Explain the process by which muscle spindles affect muscular activity.
48. What are GTOs, where are they located, and how do they protect the muscle from injury?
49. How does the complexity of a motor reaction affect where sensory impulses are
integrated within the CNS? Describe what both a motor reflex and engram are and how
they are related to motor control.
50. Explain the relationship between fine/general muscle movement and the ratio of muscle
fibers to motor neurons.
Signatures:
Rachel Baldwin: __________________________________________
Makenzy Mizera: _________________________________________
Jonathan Jia Yiek Tan: _____________________________________
Cody Gross: _____________________________________________
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