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RESEARCH DESIGN PROJECT: QUALITATIVE AND MIXED-METHODS PRE-MATRIX TABLE TEMPLATE
School of Education, Liberty University
Author Note
I have no known conflict of interest to disclose.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to
Qualitative and Mixed Methods Pre-Matric Table
The tables are set up with specific spacing in each block. Please do not change. The reference block is already set up in APA with
double-spacing and hanging indent. You do not need to include your article references in the reference section; only the Bible
reference(s).
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Article Type Basic Research Article: Qualitative Research Design (QUAL-B)
Article Reference Giersch, J. (2022). ‘Desperately afraid of losing white parents’: charter schools and
segregation. Race, Ethnicity and Education, 25(2), 268-289.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2019.1631780
Narrative In-text Citation Giersch (2022)
Parenthetical In-text Citation (Giersch, 2022)
Rationale with support from article
for how you know it is basic or
applied research (include
page/paragraph #)
Giersch (2022) investigates beliefs and perceptions among charter school directors and
district superintendents in paragraph 5. This helps analyze how structural aspects of school
choice affect racial and socioeconomic segregation. They do not provide ways to solve a
specific organizational issue.
Rationale with support from
textbook for how you know it is
basic or applied research (include
page #)
Basic research is described in the textbook as research that focuses on understanding
observable events and processes that attempt to explain why things happen (Kitsantas et
al., 2023, p. [12]). This research takes the numbers of schools that are losing white students
and describes why this is happening.
Specific qualitative research design
(Qualitative-phenomenological, case
study, grounded theory,
Comparative Case Study
narrative, etc.)
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Rationale with support from article
for how you know you have
identified the design correctly
(include page/paragraph #)
Giersch (2022) directly tells us in the first sentence of the “Data sources and methods”
section, that it is a comparative case study.
Rationale with support from
textbook for how you know you
have identified the design correctly
(include page #)
Kitsantas et al., (2023) tells us that a case study involves research on multiple data sources
on specific targets, groups, or communities (p. 224). This article focuses specifically on
using survey data and interviews to address the loss of white families within charter
schools.
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Article Type Applied Research Article: Qualitative Research Design (QUAL-A)
Article Reference Bulkley, K., Lu, A., Meza Fernandez, K., & Gerry, A. (2023). Charter Authorizing, Applications,
and the Needs of Historically Marginalized Students: A Cross State
Analysis. Educational Policy, 38(2), 287-319.
https://doi.org/10.1177/08959048231153596 (Original work published 2024)
Narrative In-text Citation Bulkley et al. (2024)
Parenthetical In-text Citation (Bulkley et al., 2024)
Rationale with support from article
for how you know it is basic or
applied research (include
page/paragraph #)
The study explores how charter authorizers priorities shape the content of application,
aiming to understand and ultimately inform equity-focused charter policymaking. The
analysis links real-world decision making processes when they discuss how principals
should communicate and shape their decision making in the first paragraph in the section
labeled “Signaling Goals to Applicants” (Bulkley et al., 2024).
Rationale with support from
textbook for how you know it is
basic or applied research (include
page #)
Applied research is defined as research that addresses concrete, real-world problems and
guides practice or policy. This study examines how authorizers influence applications to
better serve marginalized students, which fits right into the textbook definition (Kitsantas et
al., 2023, p. [13]).
Specific qualitative research design
(Qualitative-phenomenological, case
study, grounded theory, narrative,
etc.)
Non-Experimental Comparative
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Rationale with support from article
for how you know you have In first paragraph of the “Charter School Applications” section, the researcher interviewed 9
identified the design correctly
(include page/paragraph #) authorizers and yielded 60 applications (Bulkley et al., 2024). This reflects how equity goals
are signaled and reflected in application content.
Rationale with support from
textbook for how you know you
have identified the design correctly
(include page #)
Kitsantas et al., (2023) in the textbook classifies non experimental qualitative comparative
designs as those that examine existing groups or documents to understand differences and
contexts on page 130.
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Article Type Basic Research Article: Mixed Methods Research Design (MM-B)
Article Reference Eisenlohr, A., Kennedy, K., Bulkley, K. E., & Marsh, J. A. (2024). A Tale of Two Systems:
Choice and Equity in the District of Columbia’s Charter Schools. Educational
Policy, 38(6), 1346–1385. https://doi.org/10.1177/08959048231198816
Narrative In-text Citation Eisenlohr et al. (2024)
Parenthetical In-text Citation (Eisenlohr et al. (2024)
Rationale with support from article
for how you know it is basic or
applied research (include
page/paragraph #)
The article is a basic research article because on pages 1357 and 1358 Eisenlohr et al.
(2024) discuss how they used their mixed methods approach to analyze the data collected
to identify findings related to school choice reform. They did not discuss how to apply
these findings to make the changes needed.
Rationale with support from
textbook for how you know it is
basic or applied research (include
page #)
Kitsantas et al., (2023, p. [12]) describes basic research as research that involves developing
theories based on integrated ideas to explain something. This article discusses how school
choice marginalizes students. It does not present a solution to the problem.
Specific mixed-methods research
design (Mixed Methods-identify
what is quantitative and what is
qualitative—triangulation,
concurrent, embedded, etc.)
Sequential Exploratory
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Rationale with support from article
for how you know you have
The article states that the authors used quantitative data to leverage qualitative data that
was
identified the design correctly
(include page/paragraph #) collected, that explained the relationship between school equity and how schools
redistributed students (Eisenlohr et al. 2024, p. [1347]).
Rationale with support from
textbook for how you know you
have identified the design correctly
(include page #)
Kitsantas et al., (2023, p. [284]) reminds the readers that explanatory research designs
have a quantitative phase that follows a qualitative phase to examine an issue identified by
the qualitative data.
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Article Type Applied Research Article: Mixed Methods Research Design (MM-A)
Article Reference Kim, E., Smith, J., Cordes, S., & Wohlstetter, P. (2023). “Positive Discipline Doesn’t
Sound Like Discipline”: Experiences with Restorative Justice Implementation.
Leadership and Policy in Schools, 23(3), 530–549.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2023.2174143
Narrative In-text Citation Kim et al., (2023)
Parenthetical In-text Citation (Kim et al. 2023)
Rationale with support from article
for how you know it is basic or
applied research (include
page/paragraph #)
The article is applied research because the article mentions in the first paragraph of the
“Implementation Experiences” section that schools engaged in book club meetings to
review how they would introduce restorative practices in their school (Kim et al. 2023). This
indicates applied research because they are applying the practices from the study and
finding results to see if it works.
Rationale with support from
textbook for how you know it is
basic or applied research (include
page #)
Applied research is defined as research that provides solutions to a particular
problem(Kitsantas et al., 2023, p. [12]). The research that is covered in this article is the
effects of restorative practices and if they are effective in different charter schools.
Specific mixed methods search
design (Mixed Methods-identify
what is quantitative and what is
qualitative —triangulation,
concurrent, embedded, etc.)
Concurrent
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RDP: QUAL MM PRE-MATRIX TABLE EDUC 750
Rationale with support from article
for how you know you have
identified the design correctly
(include page/paragraph #)
Kim et al., (2023) states specifically in paragraph one of the “Materials and Methods”
section that the qualitative and quantitative research was collected concurrently, then
brough together in the final analysis of the study.
Rationale with support from
textbook for how you know you
have identified the design correctly
(include page #)
Kitsantas et al., (2023) p. [697] provides a definition of concurrent designs being research
where the data was collected at the same time. This justifies that it is a concurrent research
design.
Biblical Integration
For the following questions, you will take a biblical worldview connecting research and the Bible. Each question must be supported
with a different Bible verse. Answer each question with 3-5 sentences. Be sure to cite in-text and reference.
1. In qualitative research it is important to understand people’s feelings about issues and situations. Why would this be
important for a researcher?
In qualitative research, one of the key ideas is to gain insight from the way that people feel about a phenomenon or issue at
hand. The Bible speaks about empathy and understanding. When doing qualitative research, it is important to understand
what people are trying to convey so that the issue can be fixed, if possible. In Proverbs 18:13, we are reminded to listen
before answering to avoid folly and shame (English Standard Bible, 2001/2016). Qualitative research allows us to listen to
issues and help develop answers through research.
2. Qualitative research often investigates lived experiences. Explain why getting to the truth is more important than just looking
at a person or groups perception of a phenomenon.
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John 8:32 tells us that “the truth will set you free” (English Standard Bible, 2001/2016). The truth is very important to being
able to gain understanding. Sometimes people may have an issue that is personal, but not vetted in a practice, or an issue
that can be researched. Without the truth, findings in research could be misleading and produce incorrect results, which
could harm the validity of the study.
3. Research is purposeful and systematic, but it is also a divine directive. Quantitative and qualitative research both provide
valuable information, but individually, they do not give the whole picture like mixed methods research does. Why is it
important to have the whole picture in research and life when trying to find the truth about something?
Looking at only part of a conclusion can lead to impartial or harmful conclusions. When we use mixed methods, we are
drawing together multiple points of information in a numerical and reflective way. The Bible tells us that we should seek God
and his wisdom whenever we lack wisdom, because he gives it to us without finding fault (English Standard Bible, 2001/2016,
James 1:5). When you do not know all of the information, keep in mind that you can possibly find more answers through
different methods of research.
References
English Standard Bible. (2016). Literal Word. https://esv.literalword.com/ (Original work published 2001)
Kitsantas, A., Cleary, T. J., DiBenedetto, M. K., & Hiller, S. E. (2023). Essentials of Research Methods for Educators. SAGE
Publications, Inc. (US). https://libertyonline.vitalsource.com/books/9781071830710
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