RESEARCH MATRIX 1
Curriculum Change Plan: Part 1 - Research Matrix
Research Matrix
Incorporating more culturally relevant texts in the ELA classroom to increase
cultural awareness and understanding and boost self-esteem among students.
Curriculum Change Plan Proposed Topic: Cultural Relevance Texts
1. Title Growth through crisis: Preservice teachers learning to enact
culturally relevant literacy teaching
Author(s) Melanie M. Acosta; Shaunte’ Duggins
Date of Publication April, 2020
Topic Culturally responsive teaching during preservice training
Theories Cognitive Learning Theory
Problem-solving approaches; Child-Centered instructions,
Assessment of learners
Research Question What is the connection between culture and teaching?
Methodology Mixed
Ethnography research observation/surveys from different
cultures
Results Instruction gives more direction to learning and students have
embraced different problem-solving approaches when
instruction was offered from a cultural perspective (Aceves &
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Orosco, 2014). Through exploration of ways to utilize literacy
methods to work through issues and crises, preservice teachers
were able to acknowledge their personal racial identities and
biases associated with lived experiences and race-related
discomforts.
Explain the application to
your curriculum change
plan.
Culture plays a vital role in education and learning since cultural
values and norms form the base of human reasoning and minds.
These cultural experiences must be considered in curriculum
planning and during preservice education trainings.
2. Title Community mapping as a tool for developing culturally relevant
pedagogy
Author(s) Tambra O. Jackson; Brandy S. Bryson
Date of Publication 2018
Topic Learning to develop culturally relevant pedagogy to increase
academic outcomes for diverse student populations
Theories Transformative or Constructivists
Culturally relevant pedagogy framework; Using familiar
communicative social patterns, connecting teachers’ perceptions
to the student's cultural contexts and backgrounds for greater
understanding.
Research Question Can student’s academic performance be improved by providing
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them with the materials that encourage and use their past
experiences, knowledge, and disposition?
How can educators acquire the necessary tools to teach diverse
populations, and what types of effective pedagogies of teacher
preparation (e.g., coursework assignments, readings, field
experiences) can assist with student learning?
How can teachers integrate multicultural literature into the
lessons while keeping learners interested and still being able to
cover the curriculum?
Methodology Qualitative
Observation which involved a course with 21 preservice teachers
(women, 1 African American, 1 biracial; 19 white). The course
featured the personal engagement of the teachers’ perceptions
through response-oriented discussion formats. The researchers
observed the learners’ cultural memoirs and then used the
teachers’ reflections and reactions in having a more complex and
bonded understanding of their students’ experiences while also
understanding preservice teachers’ stances on culture.
Results From the research, it was necessary to note that teacher
knowledge was vital when designing and implementing
culturally responsive lessons that represented cultural relevant
pedagogy (Jackson, T., & Bryson, B., 2018). From the
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reconceptualization, the teaching and being more inclusive of
diverse cultures broadening the cultural mapping contributes to
the development of effective culturally relevant pedagogy (CRP)
in the classroom.
Explain the application to
your curriculum change
plan.
This understanding creates a more expansive mileage for more
remarkable performance, participation, and tolerance.
Furthermore, it will help to emphasize the de-segregation of
minority communities and this can be applied in the curriculum
by featuring experiences of students of color in previously read
and newly assigned texts.
3. Title Culturally relevant pedagogy: Developing principles of
description and analysis
Author(s) Leonel Lim; Michael Tan; Eisuke Saito
Date of Publication 2018
Topic Responsive teaching design: Modeling culturally responsive
teaching has focused more on imperative and professional
necessity.
Theories Qualitative
Personal experience theory through personal stories; Guided
approaches to teaching, family culture, and ethical convictions
Research Question What is the number and type of learning activities that learners
need to identify and develop in creating simulated lesson plans?
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What are the categories of information to be used and included
in the observation log in learners' cultural diversity?
Methodology Qualitative; Case Study
The authors focused on five teachers’ engagement with and their
students abilities to understand and learn through culturally
relevant pedagogy. Identifying teachers’ engagement with
racially, ethically, and culturally diverse students in helping the
marginalized students. The participants were therefore
questioned about empowering and guiding the improvement of
decision-making, problem-solving and cognitive processes with
unique ways they were able to manage their classes and teach
content (Lim, L., et al, 2018).
The study additionally relied on interviews with small groups of
teachers and students to identify and incorporate the
development of pedagogy.
Results Individuals have different traits and differences within the
cultural and ethnic groups.
Some characters’ signal behaviors, values, and beliefs of an
individual from a particular religion, ethnicity, and race, among
other attributes used in identifications.
Explain the application to
your curriculum change
plan.
It will help show how teachers educate diverse learners and how
they show appreciation of different cultures, respond to one
another, and identify their differences without negative
judgements. Furthermore, helping learners to develop a more
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vital and profound understanding through learning and seek to
improve with a good sense of community learning.
4. Title A CRT-informed model to enhance experiences and outcomes of
racially minoritized students
Author(s) Candice Powell, Cynthia Demetriou, Terrell R. Morton & James
M. Ellis
Date of Publication 2021
Topic Improving student outcomes and experiences through race
conscious identifiers
Theories Cognitive
Research Question How can teachers enhance collegiate experiences and outcomes
for students of color?
Methodology Mixed methods
Working in three areas of validating, reflecting, and discerning
in a critical race theory-informed approach.
Through the three different analyses, it would be possible to
have CRT concepts that would encourage learners to reflect on
practice inequalities to partner with students to enhance their
experiences.
Results Students participating in CRT concepts was necessary for
challenging neutrality and meritocracy challenges. On the other
hand, the students will look for racial biases within the
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foundation perspectives of systems, programs, and practices.
Explain the application to
your curriculum change
plan.
Students participating in high-impact educational practices such
as research opportunities, internships, or studying abroad
critically contributed to their college success, especially for the
marginalized students (Powel et al., 2021). On the other hand,
the pathways to these successes have been merit-based and will
not be able to succeed disparities in accessing resources and
experiences than their majority counterparts. These aspects
could be considered when designing curriculum.
5. Title A Look at the relationship between curriculum and instruction
and the art and science of teaching
Author(s) Lee Hatch Flake
Date of Publication 2017
Topic Forming relationships between curriculum and instruction
Theories Constructivist / Connectivism
Research Question What strategies could help the learners identify and differentiate
teaching as an art and a science?
Methodology Mixed Methods/ Secondary Data Analysis
Different experiments with different class materials to find out
what was irrelevant and effective in learning.
Results Science is the skills and knowledge that are structurally uniform
—experimentation of teaching with different lesson materials to
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find what is adequate or relevant after a lesson. As an art, it is
based on different students having different attitudes towards
education, and though personal interest in education makes adult
students learn.
Explain the application to
your curriculum change
plan.
Education for students being seen as both art and science
promotes the need for quality learning through integration of
both areas in curriculum design.
6. Title Does teaching on the “other” side create a change
Author(s) Wurud Jayusi; Zvi Bekerman
Date of Publication 2018
Topic Forming relationships by altering prejudices to understand
cultural differences
Theories Constructivist
Research Question How do teachers’ teaching practices demonstrate self-
understanding regarding their values, beliefs, and attitudes to
promote positive ethnic relationships among students?
Methodology Qualitative
Observational research
Questioning and Inquiring- Guided Questions
Results Carrying out cultural values and beliefs in education is vital as it
gives teachers better opportunities for growth and support
throughout varied teaching experiences. When schools allow the
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promotion of self-efficacy identification among indigenous
minority teachers who work in societies that are conflicted
environments, and provide support teachers, those teachers are
able to contribute to ethnical and cultural diversity which
positively impacts the overall school culture.
Explain the application to
your curriculum change
plan.
Sheds light on the various strategies minority teachers
(Palestinian-Israeli) experience throughout the induction process
and the challenges they face as minorities in majority schools
that often present conflicts. Having a shared culture through
cumulative deposits of beliefs, knowledge, experiences,
religions, and attitudes has also helped develop culture, school
improvements, and student identities.
7. Title What is a curriculum and how do you make one?
Author(s) Bri Stauffer
Date of Publication January 7, 2020.
Topic Course Confusion
Theories Transformative
Research Question What is a curriculum, and what does it achieve?
Methodology Mixed Methods
The methodology in answering the question involving more
information about a curriculum involves
1. Purpose Statement: What will the curriculum be achieving?
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2. Outcome Statement: What students will be doing with the
learned information.
3. Essential Resources: What will be applied in teaching the
students
4. Strategy Framework: What will be the best teaching methods
for the students?
5. Verification Method: How one receives effective teaching.
6. Standards Alignment: How well the school and learning
institutions will adhere to the set laws.
Results Curriculum change has engineered guidelines, rules, and
regulations reflected within the curriculum. These essential
resources in making students learn more about what the
curriculum dictates.
Explain the application to
your curriculum change
plan.
The teaching fraternity ought to find more about the
trustworthiness and legitimacy of resources used as curriculum
(Flake, 2017).
This information is applicable to a curriculum plan because it
will help to disclose how students live and improve will be a
result of the curriculum change.
8. Title A mixed-methods study of teacher dispositions and culturally
relevant teaching
Author(s) Diane Truscott and Vera L. Stenhouse
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Date of Publication 2022
Topic Use of teacher dispositions to show connections to culture
Theories Constructivist / Information Processing
Research Question How can teacher education programs foster teacher dispositions
and provide opportunities for inquiry and removal of biases to
ensure students receive educational equity?
Methodology Mixed Methods
Critical analysis and exploration of content delivery to students
Results Different culturally responsive approaches and practices have
been used in various teacher education programs to improve race
awareness, teacher characteristics, learning outcomes; especially
in communities of people of color.
Students having a foster or welcoming learning environment
lead to quality education outcomes.
Explain the application to
your curriculum change
plan.
Understanding educator insights and perceptions will aid
students in improving school culture, relationships, and
instructions. Spending time and building relationships improves
learners' results and promotes a positive cultural environment.
9. Title Resistance and culturally relevant education
Author(s) Rebecca Colina Neri, Maritza Lozano, Fullerton Louis M.
Gomez.
Date of Publication 2019
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Topic (Re)framing resistance to culturally relevant education as a
multilevel learning problem
Theories Transformative / Constructivist
Research Question How can teachers find better ways of shunning resistance in
CRE and other related subjects in educations?
Methodology The authors used five stages with awareness being
knowledgeable hence proposed change; persuasion stage of
feeling effective or detrimental; decision stage development of
either positive or negative change; decision change before
finally confirming that requires approval or support.
Results Teachers are resistant to different subjects, which thus makes
them have negativity. This, however, has been linked to
institutional-level support and the quality of the learning
institution (Gomez et al., 2020).
Explain the application to
your curriculum change
plan.
Teachers' resistance to some subjects, units, and curricula can
affect quality education and may negatively affect the learners
due to poor culture. High-quality support and implementation of
non-resistance to these units, courses, and subjects affect
learning
10. Title Students’ emotional and behavioral difficulties: the role of
teachers’ social and emotional learning and teacher-student
relationships
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Author(s) Maria S. Poulou
Date of Publication 2018
Topic Teacher/student relationships to minimize student behavioral
and emotional challenges
Theories Behavior/ Conditioning
Research Question How can teachers’ emotional support towards students help to
address student behavioral and emotional expressions?
Methodology Investigative Research on a group of primary teachers’ personal
perspectives to reveal how teachers’ relationships with students
directly impact students’ learning and emotions, as well as
efficacy in the classroom.
Done thorough observation, investigation, videotaping, and
analysis of data with hermeneutic model of students’ emotional
and behavioral challenges.
Results Most learners bring their internal and external influencers to
class which may create behavioral problems. The findings
suggest that positive teacher/student relationships led most
teachers to find better ways to support equity with educational
experiences for all students (Poulou, 2017).
Explain the application to
your curriculum change
plan.
Having teacher-student interactions that are positively-supported
creates better opportunities for learners to be effective and
successful. Teachers who applied language interaction patterns
were more successful in improving performance.
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11. Title Culturally responsive teacher education: Do we practice what we
preach?
Author(s) Scott A. Morrison, Corliss Brown Thompson; Jocelyn Glazier
Date of Publication 2021
Topic Teachers' preparedness in teaching African-Americans
Theories Constructivism
Research Question What kind of pedagogy do teachers who have completed teacher
education programs endorse cultural diverse practices in their
classrooms?
Methodology Qualitative
Intrinsic case study
Results After interviewing and observing teachers in their classrooms
and assessing classroom activities and practices, more culturally
responsive approaches to lessen the educational divide among
minority students and teachers are needed to effectively enhance
the teaching and learning processes (Morrison et. Al, 2021).
Explain the application to
your curriculum change
plan.
African-Americans have faced several challenges in the
education system as their needs have not been met. The quest for
education quality has been an ongoing struggle, and education
program designs that suit the needs of African-Americans have
been neglected.
The school systems need to reassess the administration
procedures, reexamine coursework, and recruit and train more
African Americans as well as teachers who are willing to find
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responsive approaches that will help increase teachers’ cultural
awareness and diversify classroom practices.
12. Title Racial identity and liberation literacies in the classroom
Author(s) Jamila Lyiscott
Date of Publication 2017
Topic Racial identity and liberation literacies in the classroom.
Theories Humanism
Research Question Do black lives matter in the classroom?
Methodology Mixed Methods
General Research on Black English and making black text
matter. The author uses comparison texts to showcase the
difference between Black people and whites.
Results There has been a different meaning of Blackness in America
since Blackness does not only connect to Color but has
infiltrated classrooms. Literacy, language, and the broader black
textual expression. The results of different Research done in
schools and learning institutions indicate that African-Americans
and the Blacks, in general, have been affected not only on the
streets but in education (Ladon, 2000).
Explain the application to
your curriculum change
plan.
The expression of Blackness can be seen through black literacy,
language, and expression in class. Whites have been considered
to have a different English compared to Blacks, whose English is
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seen as just a grasp of formal literacy practices. Creating one
classroom where everybody will interact and will not show the
difference between African English and the white English will
be the best move towards bridging the gap.
13. Title World Englishes, translingualism, and racialization in the US
college composition classroom
Author(s) Eunjeong Lee; Sara P. Alvarez
Date of Publication 2020
Topic Bridging classroom lingustic culture that did not exist is the key
to learning English.
Theories Ideological and Cultural theories
Research Question Can cultural backgrounds and varied languages shape our
ideological and logical identities?
Methodology Qualitative
Comparison of ideological and cultural English language.
Epistemological and ontological
Results There is a difference in communication in the English language
and world language (WE) that has been affected by both human
ideas and logical reasoning with ideological reasoning mainly
from social and cultural backgrounds. The process leads to a
difference in the English language within the United States.
Explain the application to Having different norms, values and beliefs make basic language
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your curriculum change
plan.
concepts and values about self and the community due to them
being imprinted and reinforced into our minds. They will change
from time to time depending on where one comes from and the
association with the environment. Supporting diversity and
inclusion thus bridge the gap.
14. Title Mindfulness theory: feeling tones (Ventanas) as a valuable
framework for Research
Author(s) Martine Batchelor
Date of Publication 2019
Topic Mindful Theory and Research
Theories Qualitative
Research Question What is the relevance of the practice of mindfulness theory and
practice and feeling of tone in developing research framework?
Methodology Qualitative
Results Mindfulness theory or state of the body can be used in accepting
things as they arise, do something to transform them inwardly or
outwardly, and include either pleasant feeling tone, unpleasant
and neutral feelings. This can guide the research process.
Explain the application to
your curriculum change
plan.
The three sets of feeling tones have been considered in research
as they create intention, attention, perception, contact, tone, and
feeling, meaning they revolve around human feelings, thoughts,
and behaviors, which explains the feeling tones construction.
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They tones are the bedrock of mindfulness and this can guide
curriculum design.
15. Title Understanding mindfulness, one moment at a time: an
introduction to the special issue.
Author(s) Amit Bernstein, David R Vago and Thorsten Barnhofer
Date of Publication 2019
Topic The Arc of Mindfulness
Theories Transformative
Mindfulness Theory, intercultural adaptation
Research Question What are the expectation and empirical justification for the
wide- ranging mindfulness?
Methodology Mixed Methods
Laboratory Research; investigating mindfulness through cultural
specks.
Results There is a tension between traditional meditation and modern
meditation practices as mindfulness has been seen to focus on
traditional Asian origin which has brought lots of growing
skepticism. Mindfulness is a developing science; and that, in
turn, it has made researchers as well as consumers of
mindfulness science and practice “to be optimistic yet to temper
excitement and growth with scientific skepticism and caution”
(Bernstein, Vago & Barnhofer, 2019).
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Explain the application to
your curriculum change
plan.
Relying on mindfulness in mediation has been used in
cultivating insight of overcoming suffering has been applied
over the years as a way of meditation. The practice that has been
practiced over 25 centuries in most parts of Asia has grown in
interconnectedness to facilitate a contemplated mediated body
mind and soul relaxation in reducing stress which could be
useful in curriculum engineering.
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