KEY PRECAUTIONS TO KEEP IN MIND WHEN USING SECONDARY
DATA
Assess reliability by considering the reputation of the source,
collection methods, and any biases. Look for a detailed source note.
Check if the data is suitable - make sure definitions, units, timing,
scope etc. match your needs.
Ensure adequacy - data should cover the required time period,
geographical area, sample size etc.
Scrutinize thoroughly for errors, inconsistencies, omissions before
use.
Ensure data is from normal times, not periods of economic turmoil
or natural disasters.
If from a sample, check it was representative, collected properly,
and estimates are accurate.
Compare objectives and nature of original study to your purpose.
Watch for changes in definitions and units over time.
Data may be unpublished but kept confidential by organizations.
Don't take published statistics at face value. Always critically
examine.
Edit and scrub data thoroughly to avoid inaccuracies in your
analysis.
Using secondary data saves time and cost but requires careful evaluation
of reliability, suitability and adequacy. Scrutinizing and editing data is
imperative before analysis.
POINTS TO KEEP IN MIND WHEN DRAFTING A QUESTIONNAIRE
Keep it concise - 15-25 questions maximum. Divide into sections if
more needed.
Questions should be clear, brief, non-offensive, and in logical order.
Avoid vague, ambiguous, or highly personal questions.
Consider different types of questions:
Closed-ended (dichotomous, multiple choice) - easier for respondent
and analysis.
Open-ended - allow free response but difficult to analyze.
Can combine both types.
Avoid leading questions. Use cross-checks for accuracy.
Pre-test the questionnaire on a small group first and modify as
needed.
Include a polite cover letter explaining the purpose, definitions,
confidentiality, etc.
Make questionnaire visually appealing and consider mode of
analysis while drafting.
A well-designed questionnaire is critical for collecting relevant, accurate
data. Pre-testing and revisions based on feedback can significantly
improve the quality. A balance of closed and open-ended questions along
with a clear, professional layout helps get better response.
