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Title
Abstract
The book, Embodying Integration: A Fresh Look at Christianity in the Therapy Room,
serves as a guide for integrating
Facing difficulty - pondering god (first two sections)
Introduction
In the book, Embodying Integration: A First Look at Christianity in the Therapy Room, it
is important to note that the first three chapters are ultimately broken up into two sections (e.g.,
facing difficulty and pondering God) and work together in approaching the concepts of lament
(chapter one), uncertainty, meaning, and enjoyment (chapter two), and imaging God (chapter
three) from an integrative Christian perspective that aims to serve struggling individuals by way
of implementing both psychological and biblical components into the therapeutic process (Neff
& McMinn, 2020).
Summary
The first chapter of Embodying Integration is quick to introduce a reminder that feeds
into proceeding pages of the text and often begins many counseling and psychotherapy
relationships: that is, the notion that “life is difficult” (Neff & McMinn, 2020, p.25). Simple as it
may seem to approach this idea for those who have chosen to pursue a career in the counseling
profession, the truth remains that no amount of training could ever prepare anyone to fully
understand the deepest aches of living and dying, how to make sense of time spent on earth, or
how to approach matters of revealing the ultimate meaning of life (Neff & McMinn, 2020).
Even so, on some level, having a solid understanding of lament and its role within the
counseling environment can prove incredibly beneficial for the success of both the professional
and the client. Chapter one posits that lament, often mistaken for grief, is actually relational; it is
ultimately taking one’s grief and pain and expressing it to someone who will listen (Neff &
McMinn, 2020). It involves suffering, giving voice to the ache deep inside by crying out for help,
and experiencing some confidence and trust that there is someone who is receiving of the words
being spoken (Neff & McMinn, 2020). Lament can be individual or collective as one may bring
their own pain into a counseling session but may also bring ways of being wounded by an unjust
and difficult world (Neff & McMinn, 2020). Because the absence of lament is especially prominent
in western culture and has given way to expressions of anger expressed through disembodied
forms (i.e., network media, social media, etc.), counseling professionals have recognized that
many of their clients will often allow mourning to wander into destructive places due to the
neglect or avoidance of lament (Neff & McMinn, 2020). Alas, to best help clients who are
struggling, Neff and McMinn (2020) suggest taking an integrative approach which aims to help
individuals embrace lament. In order to do this successfully, professionals are tasked with
creating a space capable of interacting with both lament and hope and where clients may be
encouraged to embrace a more holistic perspective of self (Neff & McMinn, 2020). In moving
through this process, professionals will ultimately remain mindful of attachment theory and how
it plays into the human experience as they walk clients through their own grief, depression, and
disembodied healing.
Chapter two of the text carries with it a similar theme of facing difficulties but, instead,
from a perspective of being moved to discuss uncertainty, meaning, and enjoyment in one’s life.
Upon introduction of these ideas, Neff and McMinn present the story of Ecclesiastes with special
emphasis Quoheleth and the translation of hebel Ecclesiastes ultimately paints a familiar portrait
of a world driven by obsessive and compulsive habits of work, comparison, and control,
suggesting that everything is hebel or “meaningless” (Neff & McMinn, 2020). This sense of
meaningless, however, has proven to be an incredibly unfortunate general translation of the word
as the literal translation of this Hebrew word represents breath, vapor, or a breeze; alas, Neff and
McMinn (2020) posit that everything is not meaningless, but transient. With this in mind, the
authors move to suggest that counselors adopt the latter approach to hebel as its more common
translation of meaningless will often present itself in the therapy room. To best foster an uplifting
and helpful environment for clients, it is suggested that counselors not only embrace the concept
of deep empathy, but also help their clients understand and correct existential disillusionment by
way of taking a radical acceptance approach. That is, giving up one’s ways of avoiding life’s pain
and allowing themselves to accept whatever is happening in the moment (Neff & McMinn,
2020). With the healthier approach to hebel at the forefront of one’s motivation, Neff and
McMinn (2020) continue to posit that counselors should strive to assist clients with learning to
slow down, deal with, and value the present moment (especially if they have learned to be fearful
or avoidant of it). By teaching clients how to identify cracks in their meaning-making
foundation, counselors will ultimately be able to walk alongside their clients in the journey to
embrace life as a gift and develop a sense of gratitude through the implementation of positive
psychology and, where appropriate, faith.
Taking the idea of facing life’s difficulties and shifting into an even more biblical
perspective, chapter three begins to explore the pondering of God amidst navigating seasons of
pain and change (which is considered both theological and psychological work) (Neff
&McMinn, 2020). The concept of imago Dei (i.e., the image of God) is presented, suggesting
that humans ultimately share essential or ontological characteristics with God as His likeness
exists within us by way of human reason, ethical nature, or the ability to be relational (Neff &
McMinn, 2020). Neff and McMinn (2020) posit that one of the basic assumptions they made
while writing Embodying Integration is that theology and psychology both matter for how
professionals sit with clients in counseling. Because humans perceive and experience God
differently, it is important to consider how this role might impact a counselors work in a
therapeutic setting; to begin, Neff and McMinn (2020) suggest that maintaining a theological and
psychological anthropology of goodness which embraces the idea that our personal beliefs and
values guide every interaction we have within our work. Next, professionals are encouraged to
embrace trauma as a bridge between implicit and explicit beliefs. This process ultimately serves
to reveal varying levels of growth and positive change which can occur in the wake of otherwise
horrific experiences, thus teaching clients to recognize and ignite their own inner strengths (Neff
& McMinn, 2020). The self-offering nature of the imago Dei and an understanding of relational
selves also serve as important factors to consider when sitting with clients; because it can be easy
to get caught up in recognizing others’ needs and desires for us professionally, it is important to
remain aware of underlying motivations and what we gain from the therapeutic relationship
(Neff & McMinn, 2020). Similarly, counselors should also remain mindful of how the “self” is
being translated (e.g., is the language of cocreated space being utilized? Or is the counselor
identifying as the “expert in the room” who is passing along knowledge to another self-contained
individual in the room?) and how nervous systems are linked, so as to ensure safety is
established within the therapeutic environment (Neff & McMinn, 2020). Finally, chapter three
also suggests adopting a solid understanding of both grasping (i.e., the busyness of life that
results in heightened internal noise that is difficult to escape) and sabbath (i.e., a type of rest
devoted to heightened awareness) in an attempt to best promote connection with others, God,
and nature (Neff & McMinn, 2020).
Reflection
Ethical Issues
Section A.4.b. of the American Counseling Association’s (ACA) code of ethics (2014)
states that counselors are expected to remain aware of—and to avoid the risk of imposing—their
own values, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors upon clients. Neff and McMinn (2020) support this
claim by suggesting that we are not to impose our beliefs onto others and need to remain
exceptionally cautious not to take advantage of others for our own sake. On the other hand,
however, they add to this idea stating that, if we honestly look at our work as professional
counselors, our beliefs inevitably guide every interaction we have thus transmitting our values to
others despite our best efforts to respect them as autonomous agents (Neff and McMinn, 2020).
Upon first reading through this passage of the text, I found myself feeling rather conflicted.
Since the beginning of my time as a graduate student in clinical mental health counseling, I have
abided by the notion that we are never to impose our own beliefs upon our clients. Upon reading
this statement from Neff and McMinn, however, I am baffled by the truth that rests in
recognizing how my own values are, in fact, embedded into the very core of my theological
anthropology. Though it pains me to admit (because I tend to identify as a die-hard “follower-of-
the-rules”), I do find myself in agreement with this statement.
My Christian faith is something that greatly impacts me in everyday life. The very fact
that I am enrolled in this program serves as an example of God’s grace as it was ultimately His
presence and encouragement that led me to recognize my calling to serve others. Though I do not
believe it would ever be permissible for me to impose my personal beliefs onto my clients (i.e., it
would be inappropriate to tell a practicing Buddhist to study various passages of the Holy Bible
as part of their homework for a future session), I do agree that my way of looking at humanity
(i.e., believing in the Truth that is our Creator and the connection that exists between myself and
all other lifeforms surrounding me) inevitably feeds into my approach with serving others. My
love for God, coupled with the desire He instills within me to love others regardless of
differences or condition, inspires my work and motivation to serve as an effective counselor. I
am appreciative of Neff and McMinn for bringing this into perspective for me.
Integration Thoughts
Upon embracing the ethical guidelines presented in the preceding section, however, it
would be amiss to say that I do not feel encumbered by the task that is knowing how to
respectfully embrace an integrated approach within the therapeutic environment. According to
Hawkins and Clinton (2015), the Christian counselor is always framing their efforts within a
larger context in which they are intent on modeling the Christ and drawing the care seeker into a
desire to imitate Christ. Though I identify as a Christian and would not deny my faith if asked
outside of the therapy room, I ponder how my identity in Christ would impact someone with
differing values. This has been a repeat topic of consideration amidst numerous discussions
throughout my education and, I predict, will continue to serve as such as it it remains of the
utmost importance that I fully understand how my own thoughts and values could serve to either
help or harm my future clients. Though I would love to be able to freely talk of Christ’s love with
anyone who seeks my services, I acknowledge that my calling extends beyond the realm of
working within the church. I feel as though God has called me to serve all individuals and,
because of this, I recognize that some clients may come to me struggling with trauma directly
related to their own spiritual backgrounds. For example, despite my own religious underpinnings
in Catholicism, I recognize that there are numerous crimes being committed within the walls of
the church. The very place that is said to protect those who come to worship, may also represent
a sadistic place of trauma for those who have been victim to abhorrent crimes of violence,
molestation, and even rape. This only serves to remind me of the importance of prioritizing
empathy amidst implementing an integrated perspective with clients. If, for example, a woman
came to me sharing a desire to rediscover her own faith in God but struggles to do so because of
an incident involving sexual abuse that occurred with a youth leader during her teenage years, it
would be my duty and responsibility to ensure that her healing is prioritized above my own
desire to wipe away the pain of her past. Given her permission, I may choose to share certain
passages of scripture in an attempt to reintroduce God’s love, but it would need to be done in a
way that supports her own personal journey and does not inspire the senseless cause of additional
harm or guilt.
Lament
In consideration of the scenario presented in the previous section, reflecting on the
concept of lament as presented by Neff and McMinn (2020) reminds me that one way a
professional can successfully integrate theology and psychology into a therapeutic session is to
make space for lament. The very act of allowing someone to share their pain while crying out to
a listening ear could, in fact, serve as a symbol of spirituality as they believe their words will fall
upon the ears of someone (be it the therapist or a celestial being) who will not only hear them,
but also help alleviate their pain by providing a needed sense of hope. Providing this space to
embrace lament is, in my opinion, an expression of love for God’s creation, thus making it an
effective way to respect one’s own spiritual underpinnings without imposing any specific beliefs
onto the client.
In the case of the client who experienced abuse within the Catholic church, providing a
space for her to not only lament her own traumatic experiences but also using those emotions to
reinstate a sense of hope could be an effective way to begin paving the path toward a new
relationship with God. The last thing I would want to do in working with this would be to cause
her additional harm. That said, it would remain imperative that I refrain from using common
Christian responses such as “pray it away” or “let go and let God”. Though there is certainly
positive intent behind these phrases, the language often suggests that an individual is not trying
hard enough or does not have enough faith in God. Rather than taking this approach, I would
hope to incorporate Neff and McMinn’s (2020) suggestion to avoid suggesting my client distance
herself from God but, instead, gently encourage her to give voice to the anguish and emotions
she’s experiencing as she voices them to God. By shying away from lament, therapists are may
inadvertently be reinforcing the idea that God is not willing to hear and hold their anguish
without fleeing or retaliating (Neff & McMinn, 2020). Reflecting upon this reminds me of the
importance of making space for my clients’ lament as it could serve as a needed foundation of
trust, higher understanding of purpose, and a newfound relationship with God. As I think of
myself approaching therapy in this light, I am reminded of an idea that was presented by
Goldenberg et al. (2017) which describes therapists as those who may look at serving their
clients as though they are a distant relative (in this case, related as equal creations of God); that
is, a therapist can be someone who understands the system from which the individual derives and
respectfully accommodates to its style from an integrative approach that will serve both parties
as they move to make sense of personal themes, pain, and boundaries.
Spiritual Formation
How have you become more like Jesus by reading these chapters?
Neff and McMinn
Goldenberg et al.
Hawkins
Bible
ACA
as it serves as an example of following John 1:4. This particular verse suggests that we
should “love one another for love comes from God” (THE HOLY BIBLE)
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