COMS 101 FINAL ALBAN
Know the different methods of delivery and the one that is the most appropriate for
students of public speaking.
1.Memorization
2. Using a manuscript
3. Extemporaneous speaking most appropriate
4. Impromptu speaking
Know the various aspects of vocal delivery (articulation, etc) and of physical delivery
(gestures, etc) as the chapter defines these.
Vocal:
articulation, pronunciation, volume, rate, pitch, pauses, and emphasis.
Physical:
gestures, using note cards or a legal pad, physical movement, eye contact, appearance.
Know the actions that inhibit gesturing.
-Clasping your hands together
-Hugging your body
-Clasping your hands in the "fig-leaf" stance
-Locking your hands behind your back
-Putting your hands in your pocket
-Grasping and leaning into your lectern
Know the considerations for using note cards.
-View your notecards as an extension of your arm
-Cards should fit into your hand comfortably
-4"x6" are easier to read than 3"x5"
-Number notecards in order
-Check to see that they are in sequence before speaking
-Never staple your notecards
Know the average rate of speech for Americans.
Between 120-160 words per minute
In the persuasive speaking chapter, know the difference between logos, pathos, and
ethos.
Logos-Power of Logical Appeals and Arguments (reasoning or logic)
Pathos- Power of Emotion
Ethos-Power of the Speaker's Credibility
Know the difference between Richard Johannesen's distinction between dialogue and
monologue.
"A dialogue considers the welfare of the audience; a monologue focuses only on the
speaker's self-interest"
Know and be able to define the various levels of Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs.
**Self-actualization
(highest & final level- need for fulfilling highest potential through personal growth,
creativity, self-awareness, and knowledge)
**Esteem Needs
(need to be seen as worthy, competent, & respected)
**Belongingness and Love
(needs for affiliation, friendship, and love)
**Safety Needs
(needs for security & means of earning a living)
**Physiological Needs
(most basic biological needs- food, shelter, water, etc)
Know the five steps of Monroe's Motivated Sequence, in order.
1.Attention (In the introduction)
II. Need (In the body)
III. Satisfaction (In the body)
IV. Visualization (In the conclusion)
V.Action (In the conclusion)
Know the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning.
Inductive- Moves from the specific to the general in an orderly, logical fashion
Deductive- Conclusions drawn from connections between statements that serve as a
premise.
Know the four aims of persuasion.
-Adoption
getting audience to start doing something
-Continuance
getting audience to continue doing something
-Discontinuance
getting audience to stop doing something
-Deterrence
convincing audience NOT to start doing something
Know how many members a group must have to be considered a small group.
3
Know what one communication scholar, mentioned in the chapter, considers to be the
ideal group size.
Vincent DiSalvo considers 5-7 members to be the ideal amount for a group.
Know and be able to distinguish the various small group formats presented in the
chapter.
Panel Discussion-- group members have an informal interchange on the issues in front
of an audience.
Symposium-- focus is on the speeches given by members who have expertise on a
certain subject. The topic and speaker are introduced by a moderator.
Forum-- members answer questions asked by the audience.
Know the meaning of the words "contextual" and culture as they are used in chapter 19.
Contextual-- These relationships depend on where we met the other person, who they
are in relation to us, and in what environment we interact.
Culture--Learned ways of behaving that are shaped by geographical, regional, social,
ethnic, religious, or other group influences.
Know and be able to distinguish Social Exchange Theory.
Perceived relational costs and rewards.
ESSAY: know in proper order the 7 steps of John Dewey's Reflective Thinking Process.
1. Identify and define the problem.
2. Analyze the problem.
3. Determine criteria for an acceptable solution.
4. Generate possible solutions.
5. Choose the solution that best fits the criteria.
6. Implement the solution.
7. Reassess.
ESSAY: Know Dale Carnegie's "How to Change People without Giving Offense or
Arousing Resentment" content from our most recent master session.
1. Begin with praise and honest appreciation.
2. Call attention to other people's mistakes indirectly.
3. Talk about your own mistakes first.
4. Ask questions instead of directly giving orders.
5. Let the other person save face.
6. Praise every improvement.
7. Give them a fine reputation to live up to.
8. Encourage them by making their faults seem easy to correct.
9. Make the other person happy about doing what you suggest.
Know and be able to distinguish the Johari Window.
Created by Joe Luft and Harry Ingham. The four windows consist of:
-The open self
-The hidden self
-The blind self
-The unknown self
Memorization
This method of delivery is preferable when you know that you will be receiving an award
or recognition. Also during special occasions such as a wedding toast or a brief
commencement address.
Using a manuscript
This method of delivery involves writing your speech word for word and then reading it.
This is used in formal occasions when the speech is distributed beforehand or if it is
archived.
Extemporaneous speaking
This method of delivery involves using carefully prepared notes to guide the
presentation. This is the most appropriate mode of delivery for students.
Impromptu speaking
This method of delivery involves little to no preparation time. This is only used when you
are asked to speak briefly without any advanced notice.
Articulation
The production of sound and how precisely we form our words.
Pronunciation
The knowledge of how to say a word correctly.
Volume
The loudness of your voice.
Pitch
Your vocal range or key.
Rate
The speed at which one speaks.
Pauses
Stops made during one's speech for emphasis or reflection.
Emphasis
Stressing certain words or phrases.
non-fluencies
Meaningless words that interrupt the flow of your speech.
