CJUS 601 Quiz 5 Liberty University
1. Qualitative methods emphasize
2. Writing survey questions
3. A strategy that increases the reliability of observational data by using explicit rules that
standardize coding practices across observers is
4. In her study of community policing (1999), Susan Miller adopted the role of
1. There are no set standards for evaluating the validity or authenticity of conclusions in a
qualitative study, but Becker (1958) argues that the data can be assessed in terms criteria
such as:
2. The response rate for mailed (self-administered) surveys is generally around
3. Miller (2000) recruited young women from a residential facility to participate in her
research and paid them to refer other girls who were gang members. Although this is
common in snowball samples, one young woman decided to cash in on the deal by
initiating new young women into her gang. The ethical dilemma was
4. Likert-type responses generally ask respondents to
5. Create a hypothetical research question that can be answered by some survey method.
Select which method(s) you would use and explain why. What are the pros and cons of
your selection? How will you deal with the ethical concerns?
6. Which of the following is an advantage to Web-based surveys?
7. Which of the following is not an advantage of a closed-ended question?
8. A complete observer in the field often encounters reactive effects, which are:
9. Reliability measures are used to:
10. Which of the following questions would be preferable for asking about food shopping
habits?
11. Which of the following are steps in computer-assisted qualitative analysis?
12. Felicia has been observing the activities of a pro-life group. She attends group meetings
and interviews members in their homes. After a while, members bring her along on
group outings and encourage her to attend social functions. She finds herself planning
her leisure time around activities with the group and increasingly defends the motives of
group members in conversations with outsiders. She promises members that her research
will help to improve the group’s public image. It would be said that Felicia is:
13. The cover letter for a mailed questionnaire must be:
14. An anthropologist believes that hanging around at malls serves critical social functions
for high school students. In order to test this hypothesis, she finds fifty high school
student volunteers (half boys and half girls). She has the volunteers carry pagers and
beeps them at random intervals. At these times, the students fill out a brief report about
what they are doing. This is an example of:
15. A fence-sitter in a survey is defined as someone who:
16. This question refers to a hypothetical questionnaire handed out to students at a small
rural high school, parts of which are boxed above the questions. The questionnaire was
designed to assess students’ thoughts about and experiences with crime at school. Which
guideline identifies the main problem in the preceding question?
17. What type of research lessens the potential for reactive effects and allows entry to
otherwise inaccessible settings?
18. Voluntary participation in qualitative research is:
19. Compared to other survey designs, which of the following is not an advantage of in-
person interviewing?
20. A researcher is interested in studying illegal drug markets. More precisely, she is
interested in examining the extent to which drug dealers have abandoned legitimate
ways to achieve the American dream. She wants to use a qualitative methodology but is
unsure whether she should use complete observation, participation and observation, or
covert participation. For each strategy, write one paragraph in which you highlight the
advantages and disadvantages of each. Based on your review of each strategy, which
would you recommend to study illegal drug markets? Explain your answer.
Question 7 1.5 out of 1.5 points
Ramon introduces himself at the regular monthly meeting of the Fraternal Order of Police as a
researcher who wishes to learn about how the organization
is structured. He is granted permission to attend meetings and interview
members whenever mutually agreeable arrangements can be made. He
becomes a regular figure at meetings, sitting in a back row and taking notes. His
role as a field researcher is that of:
Selected Answer:
Complete observer
Question 9
1.5 out of 1.5 points
Questionnaire organization should include
Selected
all of the above
: attention to question ordering in order to uncover attitudes about emotionally charged topics
Question 10
1.5 out of 1.5 points
Researchers should make every effort to expunge possible identifying material
Selected answer:
only a and c
alter unimportant aspects of a description when necessary
Question 11
1.5 out of 1.5 points
Creating clear and meaningful questions are important, but the choices you
provide respondents in closed-ended questions are also important and include
Selected Answer:
both a and b are correct
Question 15
9 out of 9 points
Review the pros and cons of using mailed self-administered surveys, group-
administered surveys, telephone surveys, and in-person interviews. What type
of survey would you select to study sensitive information concerning drug and
alcohol abuse? Justify your selection.
In-person interviews can help the person taking the survey to
Selected
create trust which allows the respondent to cooperate. In-person
Answer:
interviews are most costly, including travel cost for both the
interviewee and interviewer. Telephone surveys are less
expensive, but if it entails a large scope with many respondents
that is where it becomes costly. Telephone interviews are a direct
line, which makes it harder to contact respondents and difficult to
establish trust over the phone. Mailed surveys are thought to be
junk mail, but when they get to the right respondents it allows
them to think about their answers and offer detailed feedback.
Group-administered surveys are a form of self-administered and
they are completed within the group. I would use in-person
interviews so that you know can confirm the biographic data,
such as age and gender, of the interviewee and they can be
assured in person them that they will remain anonymous.
Question 1 1.5 out of 1.5 points A researcher may choose to use several related questions in order to
measure a variable, which is known as Selected Answer: an index or scale
Question 2 1.5 out of 1.5 points When no identifying information can be obtained about a
respondent, the responses are Selected Answer: anonymous both confidential and
anonymous
Question 3 1.5 out of 1.5 points if the researcher is interested in utilization of police services by assault
victims, it is helpful to establish victimization with Selected Answer: a filter question
Question 5 1.5 out of 1.5 points Examining relationships is the centerpiece of the analytic process
because it Selected Answer: allows the researcher to move from simple description to explanations of
why things happened as they did
Question 6 1.5 out of 1.5 points Consider the question: "Do you disagree that juveniles should not be
tried as adults if they commit murder?" Which of the following best describes the question? Selected
Answer: it is a double-negative question
Question 7 1.5 out of 1.5 points The best survey method is
Selected Answer: ultimately determine determined by the study's unique features and goals rather than
by any absolute standard of what the best survey is
Question 8 1.5 out of 1.5 points Qualitative data analysis focuses on text rather than on Selected
Answer: numerical data
Question 10 1.5 out of 1.5 points A systematic approach to sampling in participant observational
research is Selected Answer: theoretical sampling
Question 12 1.5 out of 1.5 points The validity of a phone survey may be undermined when Selected
Answer: both a and b are correct
Question 13 1.5 out of 1.5 points Boas and Malinowski were researchers who laid the foundation for
Selected Answer: modern qualitative methods while doing field research in the early 20th
Question 14 1.5 out of 1.5 points An example of an omnibus survey is the Selected Answer: GSS
Question 15 Needs Grading Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of electronic survey formats.
When would they be preferable to other formats? In what instances could they be combined with other
formats in a mixed-mode design to overcome the disadvantages of the individual formats? Selecte d
Answer: The Internet is a vast virtual world that connects all kinds of people from around the globe. For
this reason, a survey that requires a hundred or more respondents can be conducted faster via the
Internet. The survey questionnaire can be rapidly deployed and completed by the respondents,
especially if there’s an incentive that is given after their participation. Online survey provides the highest
level of convenience for the respondents because they can answer the questionnaire according to their
own pace, chosen time, and preferences. An online survey is not suitable for surveys which ask open-
ended questions because there is no trained interviewer to explore the answers of the respondents.
Survey fraud is probably the heaviest disadvantage of an online survey. There are people who answer
online surveys for the sake of getting the incentive after they have completed the survey, not with a
desire to contribute to the advancement of the study. Paper Surveys are notorious for taking a good
amount of time to execute. Whether administration is in-person, mailed, or sent as an email attachment,
speed is always going to be a factor. Time for the respondent to complete the survey and time to mail it
back is going to increase the time needed to complete the survey research process. Data entry will then
be needed to enter data into your database or survey software system. Furthermore, keep in mind,
multipage or complex paper surveys may require scanning to collect and organize data. If time is not an
issue, paper surveys may be a viable option for you. Online Surveys, however, can collect data in very
little time. With many online survey software solutions, creating online surveys is simple and can be
administered to your population via email or social media networks within minutes. Because of this
rapid distribution, your sample population can respond almost immediately, and data is collected
automatically. More sophisticated survey software systems provide real-time analysis tools so you can
track the progress of your survey.
Quiz: Surveys, Qualitative Data, and
Victimization Surveys
Due Apr 23 at 11:59pm
Points 30
Questions 15
Time Limit 60 Minutes
Instructions
The quiz:
Covers the Textbook material from Module 5: Week 5.
Contains 15 multiple-choice and essay questions.
Is limited to 1 hour.
Allows 1 attempt.
Is worth 30 points.
Submit this assignment by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Sunday of Module 5: Week 5.
Attempt History
Attempt Time Score
LATEST Attempt 1 56 minutes 21 out of 30 *
* Some questions not yet graded
Correct answers are hidden.
Score for this quiz: 21 out of 30 *
Submitted Apr 22 at 5:24pm
This attempt took 56 minutes.
Question 1
1.5 / 1.5 pts
Qualitative methods emphasize
categories of information that is predetermined by the researcher to make sure of
getting the best information available
research that begins with preformulated hypotheses
observations about natural behavior and artifacts that captures social life as it is
experienced by the participants
all of the above
Question 2
1.5 / 1.5 pts
Boas and Malinowski were researchers who laid the foundation for
modern quantitative research in the 20th century
research on modern south american natives
participation in research studies in the 19th century
modern qualitative methods while doing field research in the early 20th
Question 3
1.5 / 1.5 pts
In research, when interviews seem to yield little additional new information,
this is referred to as _____________.
internal validity.
the saturation point.
interview conclusions.
all of the above
Question 4
1.5 / 1.5 pts
Creating clear and meaningful questions are important, but the choices you provide
respondents in closed-ended questions are also important and include
making response choices mutually exclusive
making response choices exhaustive
both a and b are correct
none of the above
Question 5
1.5 / 1.5 pts
When no identifying information can be obtained about a respondent, the responses
are
confidential
anonymous
both confidential and anonymous
neither confidential nor anonymous
Question 6
1.5 / 1.5 pts
In her study of community policing (1999), Susan Miller adopted the role of
complete participant
mixed participant-observer
complete observer
none of the above
Question 7
1.5 / 1.5 pts
In order to measure violent victimizations, the NCVS uses
vague questions to get the best possible range of answers
screening questions to get the most relevant respondents to which questions will
apply
filtering questions to ask nonrelated items of respondents
All of the above
Question 8
1.5 / 1.5 pts
Qualitative data analysis focuses on text rather than on
reflexive thought
field notes and jottings about them
numerical data
Both B and C
Question 9
1.5 / 1.5 pts
Survey methods lend themselves to ___________ from large populations.
large samples
probability sampling
increase validity
none of the above
Question 10
1.5 / 1.5 pts
The validity of a phone survey may be undermined when
not enough proper sampling units are reached
not enough complete responses are received to make the survey generalizable
not enough proper answers are given to a survey
both a and b are correct
Question 11
1.5 / 1.5 pts
The response rate for mailed (self-administered) surveys is generally around
20-25%
35-40%
70-80%
over 90%
Question 12
1.5 / 1.5 pts
Writing survey questions
are always easy to make clear and unambiguous
are best if they are written in the open-ended style
can have a great effect on the way they are answered
should allow for ambiguity so that a respondent can respond in many ways
Question 13
1.5 / 1.5 pts
There are no set standards for evaluating the validity or authenticity of conclusions
in a qualitative study, but Becker (1958) argues that the data can be assessed in
terms criteria such as:
the credibility of the informant
questions about the spontaneity of informant's statements
presence or absence of the researcher and how it influences other group members
All of the above
Question 14
1.5 / 1.5 pts
Questionnaire organization should include
a cover letter for a mailed questionnaire, including an introductory statement
attention to question ordering in order to uncover attitudes about emotionally
charged topics
potential use of a split-ballot design in order to include more questions in randomly
selected subsets of respondents
all of the above
Question 15
Not yet graded / 9 pts
A researcher is interested in studying illegal drug markets. More precisely, she is
interested in examining the extent to which drug dealers have abandoned
legitimate ways to achieve the American dream. She wants to use a qualitative
methodology but is unsure whether she should use complete observation,
participation and observation, or covert participation. For each strategy, write one
paragraph in which you highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each. Based
on your review of each strategy, which would you recommend to study illegal drug
markets? Explain your answer.
Your Answer:
Complete observation is where a researcher does their best to observe
participants and watch things as they unfold without disrupting them
(Bachman & Schutt, 2017). This can be as easy as just watching people in
the park from a distance and making some notes. This method can be a
great asset as long as the individuals being observed never notice that they
are in fact being observed (Bachman & Schutt, 2017). Then there is the risk
of what is called a reactive effect which is the individuals change their
behavior because they are aware they are being watched. (Bachman &
Schutt, 2017).
Participation and observation are as it sounds the researcher adopts
a role in the setting that has them actively participate in some way
(Bachman & Schutt, 2017). In this type of observation, the researcher usually
ends up telling some of the group what they are looking for but participates
in enough group activities that they build trust and a good rapport with the
members. The observer gains first-hand knowledge by being with the group
and participating (Bachman & Schutt, 2017). This is usually a very lengthy
type of study taking years to conduct. Disclosing what they are researching
to the small amount of group members allows the researcher to avoid
dangerous activities without exposing themselves to the rest of the
group(Bachman & Schutt, 2017). The other side of the coin is that the group
member can choose to change how they act or keep information from the
researcher. This type of observation may still lead the researcher to have to
prove himself to the group and do acts they wish not to in order to keep their
identity (Bachman & Schutt, 20170.
Covert participation is a role in field research where the researcher
does not disclose his identity as a researcher but instead becomes a
complete participant (Bachman & Schutt, 2017). Some field researchers have
taken on the role of a covert participant to reduce the possibility of reactive
effects and acquire access to otherwise inaccessible locations. By doing so,
they keep their studies hidden and try to act like other people in a social
environment or group (Bachman & Schutt, 2017). Complete involvement is
another term for covert participation. Although the function of the covert
participant mitigates some of the reactive effects seen by the full observer,
covert participants face additional challenges. Some instances are as follows:
Covert participants are not permitted to publicly take notes or use any visible
recording equipment. They must take notes exclusively from memory and do
it when it is normal for them to be apart from group members. Covert
participants are not permitted to ask probing inquiries (Bachman & Schutt,
2017). As a result, they frequently struggle to understand the significance of
other participants' attitudes or behaviors. Covert participants must maintain
the role at all times while in the setting under this study taking a toll on them
mentally and sometimes having them do questionable acts to continue
playing the part (Bachman & Schutt, 2017). This can eventually cause the
researcher to go native and abandon all research.
It is risky to study illegal drug markets, but the best method in this
author’s opinion would be to become a covert participant. Despite the risks,
this is the best way to know all the leads, inside and out.
References
Bachman, R., & Schutt, R. K. (2017). Fundamentals of research in
criminology and criminal justice (4th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Sage
Publications, Inc. ISBN: 9781506359571.
