The mission of policing was described by the author as covering 6 key areas: enforcing the law,
apprehending offenders, preventing crime, predicting crime, preserving the peace, and providing services.
With the advent of various forms of terrorism and transnational crime, the police mission has expanded
beyond the traditional borders of burglaries and domestic disputes.
Beginning with the material conveyed in the assigned reading and presentation, select 2 scholarly articles
from the university criminal justice databases, and integrate those resources to discuss the use of
intelligence-led policing (ILP) and the development of fusion centers to equip law enforcement for their
expanded mission. Finally, integrate within your discussion the impact of a Judeo-Christian viewpoint on
ILP and the development of fusion centers.
There is allot of different ways to approach the mission of policing and crime prevention.
This article proposes a military style of policing. It wants to be radicle, strict and firm, by taking
crime out of the picture completely. The argument is that change must be made in the condition
of the discussion and the end goals in order to deal with any problems that arise. For example.
They want to focus on hot spots in order to eliminate crime. In other words, if someone has
cancer their want to eliminate the section so that the cancer would not spread to the rest of the
body, this is basically how they see it if they eliminate the hot spots of crime then it will not
spread by using tough policing. Their theory is to start with the serious felony crimes and then
work their way down from there; opposed from the broken-windows model they had of
eliminating less serious crimes and cleaning up the neighborhoods will help to eliminate the
serious felony crimes. I am not sure if this is even possible but that is the idea (Davis, R. P.
2015).
The second article has a similar point but this focuses on strict punishment and liability.
It makes its point clear that only real criminals should go to jail (Larkin, J., P., 2014). In other
words, the criminals that commit serious felony crimes should be the target and not waste time
on the small misdemeanor type crimes. There is controversy as well because they believe that
strict liability offenses will not provide adequate records of criminal activity or conduct. No
matter what happens on this earth God sees and knows it all. He also sees the reason why we do
what we do, he sees our thoughts, intentions, desires and behavior. We will not get away with
anything, God will be our Judge (Genesis 18:25, Revelation 16:7).
They say that it is controversial but that in order for it to wok they must use these
controversial tactics and policing that is tough or extreme in order to obtain the results desired.
(Davis, R, P, 2015). Me personally believe that there has to be a stern and military style of
policing. Everyone is so quick to judge that the police is violating someone’s rights and they
want an officer of the law to say can you please put your hands behind your back, and if they do
not want to listen then they say again pretty please with sugar on top. No, many times people try
to get away with something and they do not listen to the police orders or instructions and then
they are crying police brutality. When an officer says be quiet and do as I say just do it. When
you get to the station you will have all the time you want or need to file a report and state exactly
what happened etc. In this world, we could minimize crime by being on top of it having a
watchful and stern eye out twenty-four hours a day seven days a week. I do not believe that it
will be eliminated completely. God made a world for us like that when he created Adam and Eve
but when they sinned that is where the downfall started and evil and disrespect for God’s and
human law began (Genesis 3).
There is definitely a difficult road ahead of us, as Aldous Huxley said: “facts do not cease
to exist because they are ignored” (Buckley, J. 2013). We have to deal with all the problems
head on and have God guide us and as our leader, at every moment of every day!
References
Larkin, P. J., Jr. (2014, Summer). Strict liability offenses, incarceration, and the cruel and
Unusual Punishment Clause. Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, 37(3), 1065
Davis, R. P., (2015) Mission based policing. Police Practice & Research, 16(5), 444-445 doi:
10.1080/15614263 2014.900232
Buckley, J. (2013). Managing Intelligence. Baton Rouge: CRC Press. Retrieved from
https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy.liberty.edu/lib/liberty/detail.action?docID=1385053
Schmalleger, F. (2015) Criminal justice today: An introductory text for the 21st Century (13th
ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
I agree, and I wanted to add that policing missions are on the rise and there are various
options. There are using evidence-based policing. They want to targeting methods along with
testing and tracking. They basically use decision making. They want to know what options are
working and what options should be eliminated. This way they can use the methods that are
working and not throwing money down the drain on options that are not providing satisfactory
results.
They researched for over four decades and they are still struggling with the question “Can
research help improve democratic policing?” (Weirich & Binmore 2001). The world was
different than it is now.
The technology that we have now has made policing diverse in such a way that the one
size fits all mentality that was used in the past is now obsolete. A police department was lucky to
have a few computers in the past but now they cannot function to their full capacity without
computers and the technology that comes with it. Unfortunately, with the recent changes also
comes new hurdles that must be dealt with and security technology is one of the keys in policing
(Amar, 2010).
Reference
Weirich, P., & Binmore, K. (2001). Book Review. Crime and Justice, 42(1), 377-451.
doi:10.1086/670819
Reference
van hooser, t. c., & studio d. judeo-christian beliefs on morality. retrieved november 2, 2016, from
http://peopleof.oureverydaylife.com/judeochristian-beliefs-morality- 2178.html
http://peopleof.oureverydaylife.com/judeochristian-beliefs-morality- 2178.html
Fusion centers and intelligence sharing. Retrieved November 2, 2016, from
https://it.ojp.gov/initiatives/fusion-centers Henry, A. (2007). Transformations of policing .
Aldershot, England: Ashgate Publishing. Ratcliffe, J. H. (2016). Intelligence-led policing .
Routledge. Van Hooser, T. C., & studio D. Judeo-Christian beliefs on morality. Retrieved
November 2, 2016, from http://peopleof.oureverydaylife.com/judeochristian-beliefs-
morality- 2178.html
modern policing demands more time dedicated to allow officers to gather intelligence
and prevent of crime relapse using past data and probabilistic approaches. The use of
IPL is aligned with the Judeo-Christian values which stress morality in every aspect of
living. Via their teachings, the Judeo-Christians advocate for a morally upright society
(Van Hooser & Studio D, n.d.). The use of intelligence facilitates the movement of
information between different governmental departments. The sharing, analyzing and
gathering of information enhances the ability of the policing system to maintain a high
degree of moral standards. The Judeo-Christian believes in having a morally pure way of
living. The society has a role to play in supporting crimes free society. The expanded
methods of perpetrating crimes have necessitated the use of intensified methods of
dealing with crimes. The use of intelligence in policing works to reach lawbreaker before
or after breaking law (Van Hooser & Studio D, n.d.).
References
Hello Jeffrey:
I agree! Additionally, I wanted to add that policing missions are on the rise and there are
diverse options and programs that they can implement (Schmalleger, 2015). There are now
using evidence-based policing (Sherman,2013). They want to target methods along with testing
and tracking. They basically use decision making. They want to know what options are working
and what options should be eliminated. This way they can use the methods that are working and
not throwing money down the drain on options that are not providing satisfactory results.
They researched for over four decades and they are still struggling with the question “Can
research help improve democratic policing?” (Sherman, 2013). The world was different than it
is now.
The technology that we have now has made policing diverse in such a way that the one
size fits all mentality that was used in the past is now obsolete. A police department was lucky to
have a few computers in the past but now they cannot function to their full capacity without
computers and the technology that comes with it. Unfortunately, with the recent changes also
comes new hurdles that must be dealt with and security technology is one of the keys in policing
(Amar, 2010).
Reference
Sherman, W., L. (2013) The Rise of Evidence-Based Policing: Targeting, Testing and Tracking:
Crime and Justice in America, 42(1), 377-451. doi:10.1086/670819
Amar, P. (2010). Introduction: New Racial missions of policing: comparative studies of state
authority, urban governance, and security technology in the twenty-first century. Ethnic &
Racial Studies, 33(4), 575-592. Doi:10.1080/01419870903380862
Schmalleger, F. (2015) Criminal justice today: An introductory text for the 21st Century (13th
ed.).UpperSaddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Introduction
Initially, the mission of policing was to enforce the law, apprehend
offenders and prevent crime among other domestic disputes, but the advent of
other forms of transnational crimes has created the need for intelligence-led
policing (ILP). ILP has also proven to be important in curbing terrorism
whereby police spend more time and resources identifying the particular
sources of crime. The 9/11 attack significantly affected the policing styles
forcing the police departments, intelligence agencies and other bureaus of
investigations to take a proactive approach to prevent crime through gathering
intelligence. The term, “intelligence-led policing” was borrowed from a concept
developed by Kent Constabulary that helped him to respond to property related
crimes in Great Britain. The concept enabled him to target the key criminal
activities rather than spending time on all the issues related that form of crime.
In ILP, police use criminal intelligence to target key criminals rather than
pursuing every crime offenders that may not pose a significant threat to the
national security.
ILP and Development of Fusion Centres
The police usually perform intelligence assessments to identify and
quantify crime problems in an area, and then initiate investigations into the key
criminals. The recent development of ‘fusion centers” has improved
intelligence-led policing because these centers bring together different
agencies and allow them to share criminal intelligence and information.
Multiple intelligence agencies collaborate to share, evaluate and analyze data
that allows them to create a more comprehensive picture of a threat or a
criminal. The findings are also disseminated to the individual agencies to take
the appropriate actions (Schmalleger, 2017). The U.S. security agencies
recognize information is crucial in crime prevention particularly in terrorism
and they have established the National Criminal Intelligence Sharing Plan
(NCISP) which allows federal, state and local law enforcement representatives
to share information at all levels (Schmalleger, 2017). The centers allow the
analysts to search information about particular criminals and terrorist groups
in numerous databases, which could be public or private.
The information obtained from the private and public databases is
analyzed to identify patterns or criminal activities. The centers can also provide
overviews of terrorist groups and disseminate that information to the relevant
agencies. The development of fusion centers in the U.S. demonstrates that no
single security agency has all the information that can address crime problems
effectively. Therefore, it is crucial for these organizations to share intelligence
to enable them to foil planned terrorist attacks before they actually happen. It’s
notable that the mission of the fusion center’s is not confined to achieve anti-
terrorism objectives, but they also address other forms of crime such as
identity theft, money laundering, armed robbery and insurance among others.
Intelligence-led policing coupled with the recent development of fusion centers
has enabled the U.S. police departments to become more anticipatory and
preemptive in policing such that they can prevent attacks before they actually
happen (Svenson & Saharso, 2015).
Impact of Judeo-Christian Viewpoint on ILP
The Judeo-Christian viewpoint regarding the issue of terrorism has a
positive impact on ILP because it gives insight on why terrorist organizations
attack the Christian communities around the world. Christians hold the belief
that the Muslim communities oppose Christianity in many ways relating to the
dress codes, sexual behaviors, and forms of marriage. Therefore, the main
objective of these groups is to coerce Christians to abandon their beliefs and
abide by Islamic religious ideologies. This is a violation of the freedom of
religion granted by the U.S. Constitution, and thus any terrorist activity against
Christians should be blamed on these Islamic groups who threaten the peoples’
rights to worship. The Judeo-Christian viewpoint implies that any law
enforcement official seeking to halt terrorist attacks in the U.S. should
understand that it is likely to be perpetrated by those people who oppose
Christianity and particularly Muslims. Therefore, intelligence-led policing and
fusion centers aimed at fighting terrorism should narrow down their focus to
Islamic terrorist groups that are known for planning and carrying out attacks
across the globe (Ratcliffe, 2016).
Reply #2
Professor Blake Lafond;
I agree, Society should have not been surprised that this happened on 9/11. Islam has
said many times that they will destroy the infidels, in there holy Quran it says that they have to
destroy the infidels; an infidel to a Muslim person is anyone who does not accept Islam (Quran
8:12). As a nation, we should have taken their threats seriously and taken better precautions
before that unfortunate event. Unfortunately, human nature is usually lax until we are forced to
see when drastic events come to pass. 9/11 to many has been our wake-up call.
The ILP role is to curb terrorism in light of 9/11’s attack. The policing styles were clearly
affected in how intelligence agencies gathered prevention information and approached crime
prevention. This has been beneficial because the Intelligence led Policing targets key people
who have committed crimes, suspicions, or on a watch list because of known terrorist
acquaintances who are known to have threatened our national security. Many times, the news
reports on terrorist have been on watch list but somehow, they have slipped through the cracks.
Not every system is fool proof but they must be diligent in keeping track of these suspicious
characters. The government has to work together and more closely to combat terrorism and not
have so much protocol when it comes to the different levels of classified information. This just
hinders the effective and thorough cooperation between different departments of intelligence.
The intelligence departments have to identify the crime prone areas or individuals. There
are fusion centers that were developed and this has improved the intelligence led policing
because they are working together and sharing information that is vital to catching the criminals
(Schmalleger, 2017). This fusion is a great benefit, just like one person can not run a big
business by himself, one needs various people to do various tasks and working together they can
come up with more tactics on prevention. The saying is true 2 heads are better than one.
The viewpoint of Judeo-Christian tells us the why the Islam religion hate Christians. It
starts from simple things like the way we dress and live all the way to how we conduct ourselves
in our daily living. Personally, I do not see an end to the persecution Islam has with Christians
and the holy Quran says they must fight and conquer the world (Quran 8:39 & 9:33). This is
why the ILP has a hefty task of fighting terrorist.
Reference
Sherman, W., L. (2013) The Rise of Evidence-Based Policing: Targeting, Testing and Tracking:
Crime and Justice in America, 42(1), 377-451. doi:10.1086/670819
Ratcliffe, J. H. (2016). Intelligence-Led Policing. Abingdon-on-Thames:
Routledge.
Schmalleger, F. (2015) Criminal justice today: An introductory text for the 21st Century (13th
ed.).UpperSaddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
