Chapter 16 Quiz | CJUS 330 -
Judicial Process
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Liberty University
(LU) 6 pag.
TERM 1
The most significant actors in
sentencing are prosecutors, defense
attorneys, judges and?
DEFINITION 1
B) Probation Officers
TERM 2
The primary purpose of this document
is to help the judge select an
appropriate sentence by providing
information about the crime and
criminal
DEFINITION 2
The Pre-sentence Investigation
TERM 3
This refers to the correctional
practices and interventions "That are
supported by the best research
evidence. derived from clinically
relevant research. Based on
systematic reviews, reasonable effect
sizes, statistical, and clinical
significance and a body of supporting
evidence
DEFINITION 3
Evidence-Based Corrections
TERM 4
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attorneys arguments for
leniency at sentencing as
DEFINITION 4
Efforts to impress their clients with the fact
that they tried as hard as they could.
TERM 5
In a case where the defendant,
defense attorney, and prosecutor
have come to a plea agreement, and
the judge strays too far from
expectations by imposing a sentence
substantially more lenient or more
severe than the one agreed to by the
other parties, this happens
DEFINITION 5
It becomes more difficult for the prosecutor
and defense counsel to negotiate future
agreements
TERM 6
In seeking individualized
sentences, courtroom work
groups use
DEFINITION 6
NormalPenalties
TERM 7
The most important factor in setting
normal penalties is
DEFINITION 7
The seriousness of the offense
TERM 8
One reason sentences appear to critics
to be lenient is
DEFINITION 8
Most cases are distributed at the lower end
of the rank ordering that incorporates all
crimes
TERM 9
A defendant's prior record is also a
consideration at sentencing. Some
courts consider only prior convictions,
while some consider, also, prior
arrests. In addition, the courtroom
work groups often consider this an
important aspect of the prior record to
be considered at sentencing
DEFINITION 9
The length of time between the current
offense and the previous one
TERM 10
In passing sentence, all the members
of the courtroom work group consider
not only the formal charges, but also
the way the crime was committed.
Prosecutors and defense counsel
engage in a careful calculation of this,
examining the nature of the crime and
the role of the victim
DEFINITION 10
Circumstantial Situtions
TERM 11
The majority of Americans feel
that the
sentences passed in
criminal courts are
DEFINITION 11
Too Lenient
TERM 12
This refers to illegitimate influences
on the sentencing process, with
defendants' attributes being the
primary focus
DEFINITION 12
Discrimination
TERM 13
Outcome differences based on
economic status are readily apparent
in sentencing. This has led in many
ways, to prisons becoming the
modern equivalent of
DEFINITION 13
The poorhouse
TERM 14
Of all the adults convicted each year,
this percent is women
DEFINITION 14
18 percent
TERM 15
Since 1985 there has been an increase
of the number of women prisoners;
that percent is
DEFINITION 15
500 percent
TERM 16
The research that has been done,
collectively, supports the proposition
that this group are sentenced more
harshly than any other group
DEFINITION 16
Young poor, African-American Males
TERM 17
Many studies found that the most
obvious factor- race of the defendant-
was not as important as the race of
the offender in combination with the
race of the victim, such that the most
serious factor was seen to be black
offender- white victim; this is known
as
DEFINITION 17
Offender-Victim Dyad
TERM 18
This refers to inconsistencies in
sentencing resulting from the
decision-making process
DEFINITION 18
Disparity
TERM 19
Overall, it appears that this area of
the country imposes harsher
sentences than do other regions
DEFINITION 19
The South
TERM 20
Overall variations between
appear
to have only a weak effect on
sentencing outcomes
DEFINITION 20
J
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TERM 21
These sentencing laws are based on
the assumption that judges should
give offenders a specific amount of
time to serve rather than a minimum
and a maximum
DEFINITION 21
Determinate
TERM 22
These have been adopted in 21
states and are mentioned most
frequently as the procedures for
ensuring fairness and appropriate
severity in sentencing
DEFINITION 22
Sentencing Guidelines
TERM 23
In 1984, Congress created this and
charged it with developing guidelines
for sentencing federal offenders
DEFINITION 23
The U.S. Sentencing Commission
TERM 24
In a 2005 opinion, the United States
Supreme Court stated that the federal
sentencing guidelines were
unconstitutional, but indicated federal
judges could still use them as
DEFINITION 24
Advisory
TERM 25
A number of studies suggest that
increasing the severity o the
punishment for crimes produces
negative side effects, but not usually
the ones that are expected. These
unexpected side effects are known to
economists as
DEFINITION 25
Hidden Costs
