Dietrich Bonhoeffer penned "The Cost of Discipleship" in 1937, outlining crucial
elements for adherents of Jesus Christ. Bonhoeffer adopts a direct tone, supported by scriptural
references, to present his arguments. This paper will examine a summary of the book, offer a
critique, and suggest practical applications.
Summary
In "The Cost of Discipleship," Bonhoeffer delves into the distinction between "cheap
grace" and "costly grace."1 He describes cheap grace as the grace individuals grant themselves
without fully committing to Jesus' teachings for his disciples. Conversely, costly grace involves
surrendering oneself to Christ and earnestly striving to follow his commands, aided by the Holy
Spirit. This entails a readiness to be obedient, even in the face of persecution or relinquishing
one's possessions.2 Bonhoeffer illustrates these concepts using the Sermon on the Mount, found
in Matthew chapters five through seven. This understanding is further underscored when
examining Bonhoeffer's own life. He returned to Germany from the United States to resist the
Nazi regime, conspiring with others to assassinate Hitler. Despite facing consequences, including
his eventual death due to the failed plot, Bonhoeffer demonstrated a profound commitment to
standing up for the vulnerable, akin to the example set by Jesus.
Bonhoeffer organizes the book into four distinct sections. The first part delves into the
concepts of grace and discipleship, particularly exploring the dichotomy between cheap and
costly grace. The second section, the lengthiest portion of the book, extensively examines the
teachings of the Sermon on the Mount. Part three shifts away from the Sermon on the Mount,
moving forward to Matthew chapters 9 and 10. Here, Bonhoeffer emphasizes the role of
1 Dietrich Bonhoeffer, The Cost of Discipleship, (New York: Touchstone, 2018), Ch.1
2Ibid
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messengers and the necessity for their presence. Drawing from Matthew 9:37, he underscores the
imperative for disciples of Christ to venture into the "fields" and gather the abundant harvest.
In the final segment, Bonhoeffer delves into the collective identity of the Church and
elaborates on the characteristics expected of disciples. He devotes considerable discussion to the
concept of the body of Christ, which will be further explored in the forthcoming application
section. Bonhoeffer emphasizes that the Church, as the body of Christ, assumes Jesus' earthly
role, entrusted with his ministry and guided by the Holy Spirit. As participants in the body of
Christ, Christians are afforded the opportunity to engage in God's plan for reaching the lost
through avenues such as evangelism and discipleship. Additionally, the body of Christ
participates in glorifying God through practices like the Lord's Supper and baptism.
"The Cost of Discipleship" diverges from many contemporary discipleship books where
individuals may engage in a structured study to understand the entirety of the Bible and their role
within the Kingdom of God. Instead, this book primarily targets new or complacent Christians,
urging them to examine Jesus' commands for his followers. This isn't to diminish the value of
modern discipleship books, which often cover broader topics, but rather to highlight the focused
nature of Bonhoeffer's work. Both approaches offer valuable insights for spiritual growth.
Critique
One drawback of the book stems from its language, which reflects its origin in the 1930s
and its original German text. While the book contains some whimsical language, such as
"willynilly," much of its content is challenging to comprehend. The book adopts an academic
tone, which may be suitable for seminary settings but could pose difficulties for the average
reader. Additionally, the book's complexity was noted as another negative aspect. In the initial
chapter, Bonhoeffer discusses how the Church may inadvertently create barriers for the lost to
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embrace Jesus. While this observation might be a personal quibble, it raises the question of
whether Bonhoeffer should adopt a more straightforward writing style if he believes the Church
complicates matters for the lost. However, it's worth mentioning that this book was translated
from German to English.
On a favorable note, Bonhoeffer demonstrates diligence in anchoring his work with
scripture, a crucial element in crafting a Christian disciple book. Within the realm of
Christianity, numerous ideas may sound appealing and true, yet they may deviate from the actual
teachings of God's word. Bonhoeffer sheds light on the indispensable concept of wholeheartedly
committing oneself to Jesus and the Gospel. Additionally, a commendable aspect of this book is
Bonhoeffer's utilization of a concise selection of scripture to discuss the cost of discipleship. It is
refreshing to encounter a text that delves deeply into a limited number of verses rather than
drawing from various parts of the Bible to make its point. His analysis of the Sermon on the
Mount proved beneficial in gaining a deeper understanding of Jesus' message to the audience.
Application
As a chaplain, it is imperative to resist the allure of cheap grace. While it may seem
tempting to offer individuals this form of grace, particularly within the healthcare or military
settings, those within these contexts often understand the concept of sacrifice deeply. Members
of the military are familiar with sacrifice, while individuals in the healthcare system may have
experienced or be experiencing suffering. The chaplain can seize this opportunity to discuss the
true cost of following Christ while also imparting the hope found in Him. Drawing upon
passages such as Matthew 11:30, where Jesus assures his disciples, "For my yoke is easy, and
my burden is light," the chaplain can guide patients or military personnel to recognize that, as
lost individuals, they may currently lack hope amidst their hardships, but through Jesus, they can
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find hope. This is not cheap grace; it may require enduring their trials, but they now have a
Savior who stands with them through it all.
Bonhoeffer presents a thought-provoking concept: that obedience and belief are
intertwined.3 This notion, though straightforward, carries profound implications. If a Christian
genuinely believes in Jesus as the savior of the world, they are compelled to adhere to his
teachings. Conversely, by obeying Jesus' commands, a Christian demonstrates their true faith in
the gospel. It is essential for individuals to examine their lives and assess their obedience to the
teachings outlined in God's Word. If there is a lack of obedience, it prompts the question of
whether one truly believes in Jesus as the divine entity sent to Earth to serve as the ultimate
sacrifice. This sacrifice absolves the sins of all who invoke the name of the Lord.
Bonhoeffer asserts that it is far too common for individuals to indulge in discussing
problems that ultimately divert attention from the simple truth of the gospel once they arise.4
This issue remains prevalent within the contemporary church, exacerbated by the widespread use
of the internet which grants everyone a platform to share their theological views. While some
Christians address genuine human concerns, others merely contribute to confusion and discord.
These individuals introduce topics that are not conducive to sound teaching and create obstacles
for those seeking truth. As Bonhoeffer highlights, many are more preoccupied with advancing
their own desires rather than obeying God.5 This sentiment echoes Paul's warning in his letter to
Timothy, where he foretells a time when people will seek out teachers who cater to their own
preferences rather than endure sound teaching.6 As a chaplain, it is crucial to prioritize advancing
3 Dietrich Bonhoeffer, The Cost of Discipleship, (New York: Touchstone, 2018), Ch. 2
4 Ibid., Ch. 30
5 Ibid.
6 Unless otherwise noted, all biblical passages referenced employ the English Standard Version (Wheaton,
IL: Crossway, 2008).
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Christ's agenda above our own interests. The Lord seeks our complete surrender to Him, leading
to a renewal of our minds as we serve Him anew.7
Chaplains are facing heightened scrutiny in today's climate. However, Bonhoeffer asserts
that if a Christian lives in obedience to God, there is no need to fear earthly authority.8 Chaplains
should not be afraid of risking their job security or hindering their career advancement by
following the will of God. This commitment can be challenging for many who prioritize
financial stability and providing for their families. Perhaps this is the sacrifice required in
discipleship, or perhaps God will provide protection. Ultimately, believers should trust in God's
sovereignty and be willing to obey His commands.9
Conclusion
The Cost of Discipleship offers valuable insights for both new believers and seasoned
ones alike. While some of its concepts may be scholarly and occasionally challenging to grasp,
readers of all backgrounds will gain a deeper understanding of what it means to be a child of
God. The book illuminates the essence of belonging to the body of Christ, the Church, and
provides a comprehensive exploration of the Sermon on the Mount.
Numerous biblical truths are elucidated throughout the text, offering principles that can
be applied to chaplaincy ministry. One such principle is the importance of avoiding the
preaching of cheap grace. Chaplains should present the full truth about grace and its
7 Dr. Nathan Smith,FWatch: Romans 12 and the Transformation of the Mind (Video), Liberty University,
https://canvas.liberty.edu/courses/329822/pages/watch-romans-12-and-the-transformation-of-the-mind?
module_item_id=34946827.
8 Dietrich Bonhoeffer, The Cost of Discipleship, (New York: Touchstone, 2018), Ch. 30
9 Kenneth Boa, Conformed to His Image: Biblical, Practical Approaches to Spiritual Formation, Revised
Edition. (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Academic, 2020), 13
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implications, allowing individuals to contemplate whether they are willing to fully surrender to
it. Ultimately, this decision lies between the individual and the Holy Spirit.
This paper offers a summary of the book, along with an assessment of its strengths and
weaknesses. Additionally, it provides several practical suggestions for applying the book's
teachings to the role of a chaplain.
Bibliography
Dietrich Bonhoeffer, The Cost of Discipleship, (New York: Touchstone, 2018).
6
Kenneth Boa, Conformed to His Image: Biblical, Practical Approaches to Spiritual
Formation, Revised Edition. (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Academic, 2020), 13
Nathan Smith, Watch: Romans 12 and the Transformation of the Mind (Video), Liberty
University, https://canvas.liberty.edu/courses/329822/pages/watch-romans-12-and-the-
transformation-of-the-mind?module_item_id=34946827.
Unless otherwise noted, all biblical passages referenced are in the New International
Version.
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