Running head: DSM-5: SUMMARIES
DSM-5: Summaries
Marline Awad
Liberty University
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DSM-5: SUMMARIES
Neurodevelopmental Disorders:
Neurodevelopmental Disorders are a group of conditions that begin in the developmental
period. The symptoms of these disorders usually start to appear early in development, before a
child enters school (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). These disorders usually tend to
impair a child personally, socially, academically or affect occupational functioning.
Neurodevelopmental disorders include intellectual disabilities, which are distinguished by
deficits in mental abilities, such as reasoning or problem solving. Communication disorders
have to do with the development/deficits in language and speech. Autism Spectrum Disorder is
characterized by deficits in social communication and interactions. Attention-
Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is explained as high levels of inattention and disorganization.
Specific Learning Disorder applies to a person’s ability to perceive or process information
efficiently and accurately. Neurodevelopmental Motor Disorders are gaps in the acquisition and
application of coordination motor skills that interfere with daily living. Finally, other
Neurodevelopmental Disorders which are specified and unspecified fall into this category as well
(i.e. disorders that do not meet the full criteria for any disorder in the aforementioned categories).
Depressive Disorders:
Depressive disorders include disruptive mood dysregulation, major depressive disorder,
persistent depressive disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, substance/medication-induced
depressive disorder, depressive disorder due to another medical condition, other specified
depressive disorder, and unspecified depressive disorder. The common thread of all of these
disorders is the presence of sad, empty, or irritable mood. These symptoms are also partnered by
somatic and cognitive changes that affect the person’s ability to function. The difference
between the listed disorders is the duration, timing or cause. Major depression is of the top
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DSM-5: SUMMARIES
common psychiatric disorders (Kring & Johnson, 2019). Major depression is described as
episodes lasting more than two weeks that alter affect, cognition, etc. Usually, this condition is
recurrent. In order to accurately diagnose type the following specifiers are examined: with
anxious stress, mixed features, melancholic features, atypical features, mood-congruent
psychotic features, and mood -incongruent psychotic features.
Anxiety Disorders:
Anxiety disorders are disorders that are categorized by excessive fear and anxiety and
related behavioral disturbances. The DSM-V defines fear as the emotional response to real or
perceived danger, where anxiety is defined as the anticipation of future threat (American
Psychiatric Association, 2013). There are nine disorders that are identified under Anxiety
Disorders. They are as follows: Separation Anxiety Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder,
Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Selective Mutism, Panic Disorder, Specific Phobia,
Substance/Medication Induced Disorder, Agoraphobia, and Anxiety Disorder due to another
medical condition. Anxiety Disorders differ from one another in the types of situations that
provoke fear, anxiety or avoidance behavior (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Anxiety
disorders are different from normative fear or anxiety in that they are excessive or persistent
beyond appropriate periods.
Paraphilic Disorders:
A paraphilic disorder is a paraphilia that is currently causing distress to the individual or a
paraphilia whose satisfaction has caused personal harm or risk of harm to others (American
Psychiatric Association, 2013). Voyeuristic disorder, exhibitionistic disorder, frotteuristic
disorder, sexual masochism disorder, sexual sadism disorder, pedophilic disorder, fetishistic
disorder, and transvestic disorder all fall under paraphilic disorders. Anomalous activity
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DSM-5: SUMMARIES
preferences are subdivided into courtship disorders(disorders that are similar to distorted
components of courtship behavior).Courtship disorders include voyeuristic, exhibtionistic
disorder and frotteuristic disorder. Algolagnic disorders have to do with pain and suffering, these
disorders include sexual masochism disorder and sexual sadism disorder. The second set of
disorders is considered anomalous target preferences: Pedophilic disorder(also a criminal
offense) which is directed at other humans while fetishistic disorder and transvestic disorder are
directed elsewhere.
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders:
Obsessive Compulsive disorders include obsessive-compulsive disorder, body
dysmorphic disorder, hoarding disorder, trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder),
excoriation(skin-picking) disorder, substance/medication-induced obsessive-compulsive and
related disorder, obsessive-compulsive and related disorder due to another medical condition,
and other specified obsessive-compulsive and related disorder and unspecified obsessive-
compulsive and related disorder(e.g. obsessional jealousy)(American Psychiatric Association,
2013). OCD is marked by obsessions, repetitive thoughts or urges as well as compulsions, a
driving need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts. In obsessive-compulsive and
related disorders, the repetitive behaviors tend to be body focused such as hair pulling or skin
picking. In OCD the most common obsessions and compulsion involve cleaning, symmetry
(organizing), forbidden thoughts, and harm.
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DSM-5: SUMMARIES
References
American Psychiatric Publishing. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders:
Dsm-5. Washington, DC.
Kring, A. M., & Johnson, S. L. (2019). Abnormal psychology: the science and treatment of
psychological disorders. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
