DSM-5=TR
“All of the following information was taken from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5th
Edition, Text Revision (American Psychiatric Association, 2022) unless otherwise noted.”
Bipolar and Related Disorders
Overview
Disorders in this category are categorized by mood swings associated with alternate episodes of
mania and depression. According to the American Psychiatric Association [APA] (2022),
disorders in this category are also associated with the exhibition of euphoria, elevated mood,
sadness, apathy, anxiety, and apprehension.
Disorders
Bipolar I disorder
Maniac episodes characterize this disorder after or before major depressive or hypomanic
episodes. According to APA (2022), the manic episodes associated with this disorder usually last
at least a week and are present nearly every day.
Bipolar II disorder
This disorder is associated with presenting hypomanic or major depressive episodes (past or
present). Notably, the hypomanic associated with this condition should be present for the whole
day and for at least four consecutive days, while the depressive episodes should be presented in a
period of at least 2-week period following or preceding the hypomanic episode (APA, 2022).
Cyclothymic disorder
This condition is characterized by presenting numerous hypomanic and depressive symptoms for
the last two years that do not satisfy the criteria for major hypomanic and depressive episodes.
Substance/medication-induced bipolar and related disorder
This disorder is associated with the presentation of mood disturbances (persistent) that result from
exposure to medication or the use or withdrawal from substance intoxication
Bipolar and related disorder due to another medical condition
This condition is characterized by the presence of persistent periods of abnormally heightened
activity, irritable moods, or increased activity and energy that is linked to another medical
condition
Other specified bipolar and related disorders
This condition is characterized by the presentation of symptoms linked with bipolar disorder with
significant implications on individuals' occupational and social disposition. However, the
symptoms presented in this case do not meet the criteria associated with the disorder in this
category (APA, 2022).
Unspecified bipolar and related disorder
This condition usually arises when a specific explanation can be offered for presenting symptoms
that align with bipolar and related disorders but do not meet the criteria for a specific condition in
this category.
Risk and Prognostic Factors Environmental
According to the APA (2022), bipolar I disorder is associated with several risk factors including
genetics, family history, or this condition may also be due to environmental factors.
Depressive Disorders
Overview
This category of disorders shares a commonality in the tendency of clients to exhibit irritable
moods, sadness, and emptiness, as well as cognitive and somatic variations with negative
implications on overall functioning (APA, 2022).
Disorders
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
This disorder is associated with severe irritability and recurrent temper, occurring three times a
week or more for at least a year. Notably, these symptoms are usually exhibited in two or more
settings.
Major depressive disorder
This condition is associated with depressed moods that occur every day and the elicitation of
somatic complaints.
Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
On most days, adults with this condition exhibit depressed moods for at least two years that occur
on most days of the week. On the other hand, children exhibit these symptoms for at least one
year.
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
This condition is associated with the elicitation of irritability, anxiety, mood swings, and
dysphoria that are often repeated during the premenstrual phase
Substance/medication-induced depressive disorder
This condition is associated with the presentation of symptoms comparable to major depressive
disorder but that can be attributable to a medication or result from intoxication or withdrawal
from a substance.
Depressive disorder due to another medical condition
This condition is associated with the elicitation of depressive symptoms associated with a client’s
inherent medical condition.
Other specified depressive disorder
This is a depressive disorder in which the symptoms presented by clients do not fully satisfy the
criteria for conditions in this category.
Unspecified depressive disorder
This condition is characterized by presenting symptoms associated with depressive disorders
without explaining the etiology.
Risk and Prognostic Factors.
The risk factors associated with substance/medication-induced depressive disorder include
psychosocial stressors, drug use disorders, and a history of major depressive disorder. Moreover,
the other risk factors associated with this condition include the type of medication.
Anxiety Disorders
Conditions in this category are characterized by clients' propensity to present excessive fear and
anxiety and associated behavioral dispositions.
Disorders
Separation Anxiety Disorder
According to APA (2022), this condition is characterized by heightened anxiety or fear about
separation from attachment figures, objects, or places, including homes.
Selective Mutism
This condition usually affects children who struggle to initiate speech or respond during social
interaction.
Specific Phobia
The exhibition of anxiety or fear characterizes this condition due to the presence of a specific
object or situation.
Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)
This disorder is characterized by clients' propensity to elicit fear in social interactions or situations
where they may be under scrutiny.@@
Panic Disorder
This condition is characterized by the client's presentation of excessive fear or anxiety without
any apparent trigger or cue.
Agoraphobia
This condition is characterized by presenting anxiety or fear caused by exposure to a real or
anticipated situation.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
This disorder is characterized by the propensity of individuals not to control worry resulting from
different activities or events.
Substance/Medication-Induced Anxiety Disorder
The presentation of excessive fear characterizes this condition and worry that can be attributed to
the intake of medication/substance or the withdrawal from substance use.
Anxiety Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
This condition is characterized by Excessive fear and anxiety that can be directly attributed to a
specific medical condition experienced by the client in question.
Other Specified Anxiety Disorder
This is an anxiety disorder in which the symptoms presented by clients do not fully satisfy the
criteria for conditions in this category.
Unspecified Anxiety Disorder
This condition is characterized by presenting symptoms associated with anxiety disorders without
a clear explanation of the etiology associated with such symptoms.
@Risk and Prognostic Factors Environmental
The risk factors associated with Generalized Anxiety Disorder include harm avoidance
tendencies, negative affectivity, childhood adversities, and genetic factors.
References
American Psychiatric Association [APA]. (2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, 5th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5TR). American Psychiatric Publishing.
Washington, DC.
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