Chapter 1 Question 5
Good theory is essential to any business and is fundamental in solving business-related problems.
Pamela Schindler in her book Business Research Methods defines theory as “an empirically supported
description of the relationships among concepts, constructs, and hypotheses that are advanced to
explain or predict phenomena. A theory, therefore, is comprised of data-tested, supported hypothesis; it
is derived from research”. Good theory is important to a business making a logical decision regarding
any issues or problems that might arise. Any theory will be modified and adapted as new data and
research will be presented and new potential solutions will be formed (Schindler, 2019). There are many
scenarios that would exemplify how important theory is to a business.
Good theory helps in the understanding of how teamwork is accomplished in business. Teamwork
is achieved when individuals interact independently but then come together to work towards a shared
goal or task (Salas, Fiore, & Letsky, 2012). The process-oriented theory of how knowledge from the
individual emerges and is then passed on to become team knowledge is a dynamic process of which
team performance and decision-making are key components (Grand, Braun, Kuljanin, Kozlowski, & Chao,
2016). The process can be better understood by the theory of emergence. James Grand, Michael, Braun,
Goran, Kuljanin, Steve Kozlowski, and Georgia Chao in their article The Dynamics of Team Cognition: A
Process-Oriented Theory of Knowledge Emergence in Teams defines emergence “as a dynamic process
by which the interactions of elements at a lower level of analysis (e.g., learning and sharing information
by individuals) give rise to constructs at higher levels”. Thus, the theory of emergence in a team setting
is the theory of how and why knowledge concepts developed at an individual-level generate knowledge
at a team-level (Grand, Braun, Kuljanin, Kozlowski, & Chao, 2016). The theory of emergence is helpful in
the understanding of how a team works together to process information and then decide on a course of
action.
The process-oriented theory of knowledge emergence in teams first begins with the individuals
on the team. Individuals on the team begin the process of teamwork by obtaining data and knowledge
relevant to their task through researching. This then becomes privately held knowledge (Grand, Braun,
Kuljanin, Kozlowski, & Chao, 2016). During the learning process, individuals are not sharing their
research and knowledge with the rest of the team but are rather increasing their internalized knowledge
as their research gets more extensive which will create a bigger pool of knowledge once all individual
members of the team get together to share information (Grand, Braun, Kuljanin, Kozlowski, & Chao,
2016). Once an individual on the team decides that he has extensive research and knowledge of the
assigned task, he then will share the internalized information with the rest of the team members
(Grand, Braun, Kuljanin, Kozlowski, & Chao, 2016). Each member of the team contributes his own
individual knowledge and members rely on individuals who might have specialized knowledge in order
to interpret decontextualized information into knowledge that is easily understood and interpreted
(Grand, Braun, Kuljanin, Kozlowski, & Chao, 2016). This sharing process involves all members of the
team communicating with each other and then acknowledging and interpreting the information in order
to complete the assigned task (Grand, Braun, Kuljanin, Kozlowski, & Chao, 2016). This is a summarized
version of how the theory of knowledge emergence in teams works to describe the distribution of
internalized information to externalized through the process of learning and sharing.
The theory of knowledge emergence in teams shows the importance of how theory is used to
describe the process of teamwork. There are many other examples of how theory has helped in
understanding different concepts throughout any industry. Theory is essentially the knowledge and
information required to complete a task correctly. This can be applied to a Christian’s life as well.
Without reading the Bible and being in the Word, a Christian would not have the knowledge required to
live according to what God says. In 2 Timothy 3:14-17 Paul admonishes Timothy to continue reading the
Bible. He writes “But as for you, continue in what you have learned and have become convinced . . . the
Holy Scriptures, which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus. All Scripture
is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness, so that the
servant of God[a] may be thoroughly equipped for every good work” (2 Timothy 3:14-17 NIV). Good
theory is not only essential when solving problems and making decisions in the business world but can
also be applied to the Christian’s life by having the Biblical knowledge required to make godly life
choices.
References
Grand, J. A., Braun, M. T., Kuljanin, G., Kozlowski, S. W. J., & Chao, G. T. (2016). The dynamics of team
cognition: A process-oriented theory of knowledge emergence in teams. The Journal of Applied
Psychology, 101(10), 1353-1385. doi:10.1037/apl0000136
Salas, E., Fiore, S. M., & Letsky, M. P. (2012;2013;2011;). Theories of team cognition: Cross-disciplinary
perspectives. New York: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203813140
Schindler, P. S. (2019). Business research methods (13th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Chapter 1
Question 5
Good theory is essential to any business and is fundamental in solving business-related problems.
Pamela Schindler in her book Business Research Methods defines theory as “an empirically supported
description of the relationships among concepts, constructs, and hypotheses that are advanced to
explain or predict phenomena. A theory, therefore, is comprised of data-tested, supported hypothesis; it
is derived from research”. Good theory is important to a business making a logical decision regarding
any issues or problems that might arise. Any theory will be modified and adapted as new data and
research will be presented and new potential solutions will be formed (Schindler, 2019). There are many
scenarios that would exemplify how important theory is to a business.
Good theory helps in the understanding of how teamwork is accomplished in business. Teamwork
is achieved when individuals interact independently but then come together to work towards a shared
goal or task (Salas, Fiore, & Letsky, 2012). The process-oriented theory of how knowledge from the
individual emerges and is then passed on to become team knowledge is a dynamic process of which
team performance and decision-making are key components (Grand, Braun, Kuljanin, Kozlowski, & Chao,
2016). The process can be better understood by the theory of emergence. James Grand, Michael, Braun,
Goran, Kuljanin, Steve Kozlowski, and Georgia Chao in their article The Dynamics of Team Cognition: A
Process-Oriented Theory of Knowledge Emergence in Teams defines emergence “as a dynamic process
by which the interactions of elements at a lower level of analysis (e.g., learning and sharing information
by individuals) give rise to constructs at higher levels”. Thus, the theory of emergence in a team setting
is the theory of how and why knowledge concepts developed at an individual-level generate knowledge
at a team-level (Grand, Braun, Kuljanin, Kozlowski, & Chao, 2016). The theory of emergence is helpful in
the understanding of how a team works together to process information and then decide on a course of
action.
The process-oriented theory of knowledge emergence in teams first begins with the individuals
on the team. Individuals on the team begin the process of teamwork by obtaining data and knowledge
relevant to their task through researching. This then becomes privately held knowledge (Grand, Braun,
Kuljanin, Kozlowski, & Chao, 2016). During the learning process, individuals are not sharing their
research and knowledge with the rest of the team but are rather increasing their internalized knowledge
as their research gets more extensive which will create a bigger pool of knowledge once all individual
members of the team get together to share information (Grand, Braun, Kuljanin, Kozlowski, & Chao,
2016). Once an individual on the team decides that he has extensive research and knowledge of the
assigned task, he then will share the internalized information with the rest of the team members
(Grand, Braun, Kuljanin, Kozlowski, & Chao, 2016). Each member of the team contributes his own
individual knowledge and members rely on individuals who might have specialized knowledge in order
to interpret decontextualized information into knowledge that is easily understood and interpreted
(Grand, Braun, Kuljanin, Kozlowski, & Chao, 2016). This sharing process involves all members of the
team communicating with each other and then acknowledging and interpreting the information in order
to complete the assigned task (Grand, Braun, Kuljanin, Kozlowski, & Chao, 2016). This is a summarized
version of how the theory of knowledge emergence in teams works to describe the distribution of
internalized information to externalized through the process of learning and sharing.
The theory of knowledge emergence in teams shows the importance of how theory is used to
describe the process of teamwork. There are many other examples of how theory has helped in
understanding different concepts throughout any industry. Theory is essentially the knowledge and
information required to complete a task correctly. This can be applied to a Christian’s life as well.
Without reading the Bible and being in the Word, a Christian would not have the knowledge required to
live according to what God says. In 2 Timothy 3:14-17 Paul admonishes Timothy to continue reading the
Bible. He writes “But as for you, continue in what you have learned and have become convinced . . . the
Holy Scriptures, which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus. All Scripture
is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness, so that the
servant of God[a] may be thoroughly equipped for every good work” (2 Timothy 3:14-17 NIV). Good
theory is not only essential when solving problems and making decisions in the business world but can
also be applied to the Christian’s life by having the Biblical knowledge required to make godly life
choices.
References
Grand, J. A., Braun, M. T., Kuljanin, G., Kozlowski, S. W. J., & Chao, G. T. (2016). The dynamics of team
cognition: A process-oriented theory of knowledge emergence in teams. The Journal of Applied
Psychology, 101(10), 1353-1385. doi:10.1037/apl0000136
Salas, E., Fiore, S. M., & Letsky, M. P. (2012;2013;2011;). Theories of team cognition: Cross-disciplinary
perspectives. New York: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203813140
Schindler, P. S. (2019). Business research methods (13th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Chapter 1 Question 5
Good theory is essential to any business and is fundamental in solving business-related problems.
Pamela Schindler in her book Business Research Methods defines theory as “an empirically supported
description of the relationships among concepts, constructs, and hypotheses that are advanced to
explain or predict phenomena. A theory, therefore, is comprised of data-tested, supported hypothesis; it
is derived from research”. Good theory is important to a business making a logical decision regarding
any issues or problems that might arise. Any theory will be modified and adapted as new data and
research will be presented and new potential solutions will be formed (Schindler, 2019). There are many
scenarios that would exemplify how important theory is to a business.
Good theory helps in the understanding of how teamwork is accomplished in business. Teamwork
is achieved when individuals interact independently but then come together to work towards a shared
goal or task (Salas, Fiore, & Letsky, 2012). The process-oriented theory of how knowledge from the
individual emerges and is then passed on to become team knowledge is a dynamic process of which
team performance and decision-making are key components (Grand, Braun, Kuljanin, Kozlowski, & Chao,
2016). The process can be better understood by the theory of emergence. James Grand, Michael, Braun,
Goran, Kuljanin, Steve Kozlowski, and Georgia Chao in their article The Dynamics of Team Cognition: A
Process-Oriented Theory of Knowledge Emergence in Teams defines emergence “as a dynamic process
by which the interactions of elements at a lower level of analysis (e.g., learning and sharing information
by individuals) give rise to constructs at higher levels”. Thus, the theory of emergence in a team setting
is the theory of how and why knowledge concepts developed at an individual-level generate knowledge
at a team-level (Grand, Braun, Kuljanin, Kozlowski, & Chao, 2016). The theory of emergence is helpful in
the understanding of how a team works together to process information and then decide on a course of
action.
The process-oriented theory of knowledge emergence in teams first begins with the individuals
on the team. Individuals on the team begin the process of teamwork by obtaining data and knowledge
relevant to their task through researching. This then becomes privately held knowledge (Grand, Braun,
Kuljanin, Kozlowski, & Chao, 2016). During the learning process, individuals are not sharing their
research and knowledge with the rest of the team but are rather increasing their internalized knowledge
as their research gets more extensive which will create a bigger pool of knowledge once all individual
members of the team get together to share information (Grand, Braun, Kuljanin, Kozlowski, & Chao,
2016). Once an individual on the team decides that he has extensive research and knowledge of the
assigned task, he then will share the internalized information with the rest of the team members
(Grand, Braun, Kuljanin, Kozlowski, & Chao, 2016). Each member of the team contributes his own
individual knowledge and members rely on individuals who might have specialized knowledge in order
to interpret decontextualized information into knowledge that is easily understood and interpreted
(Grand, Braun, Kuljanin, Kozlowski, & Chao, 2016). This sharing process involves all members of the
team communicating with each other and then acknowledging and interpreting the information in order
to complete the assigned task (Grand, Braun, Kuljanin, Kozlowski, & Chao, 2016). This is a summarized
version of how the theory of knowledge emergence in teams works to describe the distribution of
internalized information to externalized through the process of learning and sharing.
The theory of knowledge emergence in teams shows the importance of how theory is used to
describe the process of teamwork. There are many other examples of how theory has helped in
understanding different concepts throughout any industry. Theory is essentially the knowledge and
information required to complete a task correctly. This can be applied to a Christian’s life as well.
Without reading the Bible and being in the Word, a Christian would not have the knowledge required to
live according to what God says. In 2 Timothy 3:14-17 Paul admonishes Timothy to continue reading the
Bible. He writes “But as for you, continue in what you have learned and have become convinced . . . the
Holy Scriptures, which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus. All Scripture
is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness, so that the
servant of God[a] may be thoroughly equipped for every good work” (2 Timothy 3:14-17 NIV). Good
theory is not only essential when solving problems and making decisions in the business world but can
also be applied to the Christian’s life by having the Biblical knowledge required to make godly life
choices.
References
Grand, J. A., Braun, M. T., Kuljanin, G., Kozlowski, S. W. J., & Chao, G. T. (2016). The dynamics of team
cognition: A process-oriented theory of knowledge emergence in teams. The Journal of Applied
Psychology, 101(10), 1353-1385. doi:10.1037/apl0000136
Salas, E., Fiore, S. M., & Letsky, M. P. (2012;2013;2011;). Theories of team cognition: Cross-disciplinary
perspectives. New York: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203813140
Schindler, P. S. (2019). Business research methods (13th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Chapter 1 Question 5
Good theory is essential to any business and is fundamental in solving business-related problems.
Pamela Schindler in her book Business Research Methods defines theory as “an empirically supported
description of the relationships among concepts, constructs, and hypotheses that are advanced to
explain or predict phenomena. A theory, therefore, is comprised of data-tested, supported hypothesis; it
is derived from research”. Good theory is important to a business making a logical decision regarding
any issues or problems that might arise. Any theory will be modified and adapted as new data and
research will be presented and new potential solutions will be formed (Schindler, 2019). There are many
scenarios that would exemplify how important theory is to a business.
Good theory helps in the understanding of how teamwork is accomplished in business. Teamwork
is achieved when individuals interact independently but then come together to work towards a shared
goal or task (Salas, Fiore, & Letsky, 2012). The process-oriented theory of how knowledge from the
individual emerges and is then passed on to become team knowledge is a dynamic process of which
team performance and decision-making are key components (Grand, Braun, Kuljanin, Kozlowski, & Chao,
2016). The process can be better understood by the theory of emergence. James Grand, Michael, Braun,
Goran, Kuljanin, Steve Kozlowski, and Georgia Chao in their article The Dynamics of Team Cognition: A
Process-Oriented Theory of Knowledge Emergence in Teams defines emergence “as a dynamic process
by which the interactions of elements at a lower level of analysis (e.g., learning and sharing information
by individuals) give rise to constructs at higher levels”. Thus, the theory of emergence in a team setting
is the theory of how and why knowledge concepts developed at an individual-level generate knowledge
at a team-level (Grand, Braun, Kuljanin, Kozlowski, & Chao, 2016). The theory of emergence is helpful in
the understanding of how a team works together to process information and then decide on a course of
action.
The process-oriented theory of knowledge emergence in teams first begins with the individuals
on the team. Individuals on the team begin the process of teamwork by obtaining data and knowledge
relevant to their task through researching. This then becomes privately held knowledge (Grand, Braun,
Kuljanin, Kozlowski, & Chao, 2016). During the learning process, individuals are not sharing their
research and knowledge with the rest of the team but are rather increasing their internalized knowledge
as their research gets more extensive which will create a bigger pool of knowledge once all individual
members of the team get together to share information (Grand, Braun, Kuljanin, Kozlowski, & Chao,
2016). Once an individual on the team decides that he has extensive research and knowledge of the
assigned task, he then will share the internalized information with the rest of the team members
(Grand, Braun, Kuljanin, Kozlowski, & Chao, 2016). Each member of the team contributes his own
individual knowledge and members rely on individuals who might have specialized knowledge in order
to interpret decontextualized information into knowledge that is easily understood and interpreted
(Grand, Braun, Kuljanin, Kozlowski, & Chao, 2016). This sharing process involves all members of the
team communicating with each other and then acknowledging and interpreting the information in order
to complete the assigned task (Grand, Braun, Kuljanin, Kozlowski, & Chao, 2016). This is a summarized
version of how the theory of knowledge emergence in teams works to describe the distribution of
internalized information to externalized through the process of learning and sharing.
The theory of knowledge emergence in teams shows the importance of how theory is used to
describe the process of teamwork. There are many other examples of how theory has helped in
understanding different concepts throughout any industry. Theory is essentially the knowledge and
information required to complete a task correctly. This can be applied to a Christian’s life as well.
Without reading the Bible and being in the Word, a Christian would not have the knowledge required to
live according to what God says. In 2 Timothy 3:14-17 Paul admonishes Timothy to continue reading the
Bible. He writes “But as for you, continue in what you have learned and have become convinced . . . the
Holy Scriptures, which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus. All Scripture
is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness, so that the
servant of God[a] may be thoroughly equipped for every good work” (2 Timothy 3:14-17 NIV). Good
theory is not only essential when solving problems and making decisions in the business world but can
also be applied to the Christian’s life by having the Biblical knowledge required to make godly life
choices.
References
Grand, J. A., Braun, M. T., Kuljanin, G., Kozlowski, S. W. J., & Chao, G. T. (2016). The dynamics of team
cognition: A process-oriented theory of knowledge emergence in teams. The Journal of Applied
Psychology, 101(10), 1353-1385. doi:10.1037/apl0000136
Salas, E., Fiore, S. M., & Letsky, M. P. (2012;2013;2011;). Theories of team cognition: Cross-disciplinary
perspectives. New York: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203813140
Schindler, P. S. (2019). Business research methods (13th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
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