BUSI 472 Test 1 study set.
Ethical Egoism
focus on self.
Utilitarianism
The greatest good for the greatest number
Deontology
What we do matters the most
Emotivism
What I feel determines right and wrong
Virtue Theory
-the way to make decisions is to continually learn and
build within yourselves a character that will help you
make decisions regardless of feelings
Ethical Dilemma (Gill)
undesirable or unpleasant choice relating to a moral
principle or practice, do we do the easy thing, or the right
thing?
Four phases of Ethical dilemma (Gill)
-recognize whether it is an ethical issue or not
-strategize about what to do
-analyze the issue + figure out best options
-do our best to resolve the issue
6 ways to determine if ethical issue.
1. Is this legal? Am I breaking the law?
2. Does this violate company code/personal conduct?
-they are compliance tests
-a red flag rises when something that violates laws
3. Does it violate consciences + personal values of
others?
-everyone has a moral compass
-respect even if not agreeing
-maintain open dialogue and good communication when
something is wrong
-may not lead to accommodation
4. Does it maintain the Golden Rule?
-Matt 7:12
-Think of community.
5. What would happen if it was publicized?
-use the newspaper test
6. Could someone be seriously or irresponsibly harmed?
-Much biblical support
-Harm is debated?
Schoellkopf believed.
-a deep problem is the fragmented life lived, -Harvard
business school takes the lead on the moral context
The need for stewardship it is a key foundation for this
approach to business
-when we don't see connections, the divided life may
follow (different person in the workplace than at home)-
ethical company is virtuous on the inside + practices it on
the outside
Bhide and Stevenson
treachery can pay-
honesty is primarily a moral choice-most of us choose
virtue because we want to believe in ourselves and
respected
-Proud of a system in which people are honest because
they want to be
-not all game theory, that those who are dishonest will
financially pay
Willard states
-common response- to make money-make good products
cheaply
Ruskin concluded that money making cannot just be
regarded as legitimate end
-profit is a must, but not at all costs
Wenseen Siker
-Augustine "Business is in itself an evil"-
Tertullian "scarcely adapted for a servant of God"
-Luther decried "trading companies"
Types of Christians (Siker)
Type 1: Christ against business
-a skeptical view of business, business is part of Satan's
dominion
-some believe it cannot be salvaged
-isn't it an oxymoron
-marked by thinking that business is not redeemable,
most negative type
Type 2: The Christ of Business
-the aim of business is the same as God's
-there is corruption, but also a stamp of goodness
-marked by the thinking that most businessmen and
women want to do right, most positive
Type 3: Christ above Business
-less optimistic, but more widespread among Christians
-reflects thinking that calls for methodical step by step
change in ethics, guided by rational discernment
-appeals to natural law and then divine law
-apply general norms to situations by careful deductive
reasoning
Type Iv: Christ and business in paradox
-the Christian exists in constant tension against the
business world
-highly sensitive to the fallenness of business culture
-tend to have limited expectations of social
transformation
Type V: Christ the Transformer of Business
-a conversionist approach marked by nuances rather than
tensions, Christ is bringing change to business little by
little
-aware of the perverseness of culture, but all as part of
God's transforming work
-focus more on positive practice on negative action
toward sin.
Steve Brinn
-Christ calls us to a unique path and sometimes the road
will be tough
-we need to talk honestly about our fears and failures
-we need to ask the right questions
Tough Business
-Give yourself time. It takes time to really learn your
calling
-beware of life-cycle enclaves
-join a revolutionary movement at some point
-never give up on things that matter
Doane
CSR- the business climate is changing, expectations are
changing
Mackey, Friedman, et al
Mackey--believes that enlightened corporations should try
to create value for all of their constituencies
Mackey believes treating customers right is an end to
itself-if shareholders disagree, fire the team or don't
invest
-responsibilities to communities include investors- seek
balance
Friedman- essentially we come to the same conclusion
-corporate philanthropy is a good thing- flatly wrong
according to Friedman
TJ Rodgers- the number one priority of business today is
to make a profit.
-Mackey is more Nader than libertarian, spouts nonsense
is a Marxist, arrogant, wrong
-a response to Friedman and Rodgers
-profit for investors is not the only justification
-good motives exist, not in favor of coerced csr,
-focus on profits and then more profits is the wrong
message
Rundle
-Rundle advocates significance over responsibility
-Self-interest is biblical
-MNCs- the inflow of capital helps the host nation
MNCs often worth with local suppliers, and this has a
backward linkage, that raises the competencies of the
local businesses
-the integration of the global econ has led to the
disintegration of the fordist type of production mentality
-globalization: process of higher econ, political and social
integration
-
Bruce Wydick
-Buy America campaigns are inconsistent with the Bible, -
globalization brought new level of contact between
nations
-relationships have been created between rich + poor
countries that are complex and sometimes controversial
-God cares about the poor
-Deuteronomy 15:4 etc
-Psalm 82:3, Amos 2:7,
-2. interdependence between people is a community ideal
-specialized skills help the community at the large,
spiritual gifts help the body as a whole
3. God is not partial- he care for all people of all nations
-gal 3:28- all are one
Zwolinski
he term "sweatshop" is emotional and carries moral
significance
-What does it drum up?
-the term does have legal meaning
-an employer that violates more than one federal or state
law governing min wage + overtime, child labor,
industrial homework, occupational safety, workers
compensation, or industry regulation
Provides a general def, but how do we apply in other
contexts?
-often, companies operate without breaking the laws of
that nation
-in America, we go back to the 19th century and
industrialization
-women and children often not in the factories, but
apparel offered opportunity
-it has been a little different from factory system-
homework given to decentralized shops
-even in 1930s-
-workers had few options, thus, the ranks remained
steady
Matt Chandler
1. Free and fair trade
-used by busy leaders and politicians for the trade
liberalization agenda
-establish a level playing field
-remove protectionist policies
2. Fair trade not free trade
-a def used by trade justice and make poverty history
coalitions
-allowing weaker countries to have greater access to dev
markets while also allowing a degree of protectionism
