Choose a DB topic that you have written about this term (in this class) that you would like to
further explore and write a 1000 – 1100 word paper on the topic. The paper will have 5
scholarly articles, which have been published within the previous 4 years; each of the
articles must be a narrative on the results of a study/research. The paper is not a
restatement of the original DB post, but is a review of all 5 of the scholarly articles.Some of
the questions that must be addressed in the paper are:
What are the common themes among the findings all 5 of the research articles?
What are the differences among the findings of all 5 of the research articles?
What is unique in each article regarding the author’s approach to the concept?
According to the authors of the articles, why is the concept important to an organization’s
leadership?
Paper Requirements:
The paper is to be your original work and written solely for this course. Although past
papers can be minimally referenced, papers previously submitted or work from
previously submitted assignments cannot be used to fulfill this assignment.
The paper must be written using current APA format and include a title page, an
abstract, and a references list.
The paper must have a minimum of 1000 words and a maximum of 1100 words. The
word count does not include the cover page, abstract, or reference pages.
Each article must be a primary source from a peer-reviewed journal published
within the past 4 years.Each of the articles must be a narrative on the results of
a study/research. Articles that are not based on the findings of a study/research
should not be used.
It must be submitted as a Word document (.doc).
o The finished paper must be uploaded, as an attachment, by the published
deadline.
Any charts, graphs, pictures, etc. must be put in an appendix and do not count
toward the word count.
Block quotes cannot be used and will not count toward the word count requirement.
References must be as follows:
o A minimum of 5 peer-reviewed references must be used.
Each reference must be from a different peer-reviewed journal
published within the past 4 years.Each of the articles chosen must
be a narrative on the results of a study/research.
Textbooks, web blogs, abstracts, dissertations, magazines, and other
ancillary materials cannot be counted as one of the required
references.
All references must be cited somewhat equally in the narrative with
no references over- or under-represented.
Quotations must not be more than 15% of the paper – paraphrase
and properly quote the citations.
The following discussions should be included in the paper and used as headings:
o Introduction to the concept (definition and overview of the paper)
o What were the differences and similarities in the research done regarding the
concept?
o What was unique in each article regarding the author’s approach to the
concept?
o What are the similarities in the research findings?
o What are the differences in the research findings?
o Conclusion
Running head: LEADING AS A FUNCTION OF MANAGEMENT 1
Leading as a Function of Management
Student’s Name
Professor’s Name
Course
Date
LEADING AS A FUNCTION OF MANAGEMENT 2
Abstract
Leading is a basic function in organizational management, and this involves aspects like
motivating employees, influencing positive behavior, and forming effective teams that enhance
organizational performance. Through the leading process, leaders help the organization to move
forward towards goal attainment. Studies show that leaders encourage employees to
communicate openly, solve problems, and perform tasks diligently in teams motivate their
employees’ morale. Therefore, leaders have to portray their competence in their leading role so
that they can be good examples to their followers. Generally, not all managers or supervisors are
leaders. This means that for such individuals to become effective leaders, they have to analyze
their leadership behavior to improve their leadership skills.
LEADING AS A FUNCTION OF MANAGEMENT 3
Introduction
A major theme that evident in an organization's culture is the type of leadership in the
firm. The leading role is a basic function of management, whereby a leader who exercises
functions like coaching, supporting, delegating, and inspiring employees enhances job
performance and job satisfaction. In this case, leaders become positive role models because they
manage to practice honesty and enhancing trust with the other employees, and this motivates
their morale. Primary studies suggest that this leading function requires leaders to analyze their
leadership behavior, competencies, and organizational conduct among employees to enhance
management practices in the organization.
Difference and Similarities in The Research Done Regarding the Concept
According to Henkel (2018), managers enhancing their leadership skills need to
understand their work and personal behavior so that their leading role can be effective. This is a
common theme in the research articles by Dziekoński (2017); Iqbal et al., (2018); Joo, & Jo,
(2017) and Skeepers, & Mbohwa, (2015). For example, Dziekoński holds that project managers
who are important leaders need to have the required competencies that enable them to lead teams
effectively when going about their project management activities. Some of the required
competencies include performance, behavioral, knowledge competence, technical as well as
personal competencies. Further, Iqbal et al. reveal that a leader who influences positive
organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is one that practices authentic leadership. A leader
that leads with this kind of leadership is self-aware of his/her weaknesses, strengths, and
encourages employees to participate in various organizational functions. Further, Joo and Jo
emphasize on authentic leadership. They hold that leaders should perform self-evaluations to
LEADING AS A FUNCTION OF MANAGEMENT 4
help them identify positive self-concepts that help them increase motivational levels and enhance
work performance. Also, Skeepers and Mbohwa reveal that leadership behavior has an effect on
safety in organizational culture and safety in performance in the construction industry. The major
difference in the five journals is that the concept of leadership has been applied in different fields
meaning that the needed leadership behavior could vary. For instance, in the construction
industry, as established by Skeepers and Mbohwa and Dziekoński need to consider technical
variables in addition to the behavioral variables in their leading role which should be in line with
project management skills. On the other hand, Joo and Jo; Iqbal et al. and Henkel demonstrate
the normal skills and attributes that a leader in any organization should consider increasing
employee loyalty and satisfaction.
The Uniqueness in The Articles Regarding the Authors’ Approach to the Leading Concept
In scholarly journals, the authors have used unique ways to illustrate the leading concept.
For instance, Henkel (2018) has focused on work behavioral styles that managers should
recognize when leading. They point out this as an important aspect that should assist them to
interact with employees effectively, enhance trust and good communication with employees, and
make good decisions. Dziekoński (2017), on the other hand, has centered on the competency
model for project managers in the construction industry. This is a unique approach to unveiling
how managers are expected to have certain abilities for performing classic management
functions. In the case of Iqbal et al., (2018), their locus is authentic leadership in the banking
sector where they have to promote corporate social responsibility (CSR) by enhancing positive
OCB. Joo and Jo (2017) have focused on how leaders should incorporate psychological
empowerment so that they understand OCB to help them increase employees’ extra-role
performance. Further, Skeepers and Mbohwa (2015) have chosen to insist on the importance of
LEADING AS A FUNCTION OF MANAGEMENT 5
safety leadership and performance, which can only be achieved when leaders manifest in
behaviors that encourage health and safety improvements.
The Similarities in The Findings in The Studies Conducted By The Researchers
In each of the articles, the researchers performed a primary study where the findings
emphasize the need for positive behavior and attributes among leaders in all fields to promote
OCB and CSR. A similar aspect in the results is that leaders should identify their leadership
style, behavior, values, and attitudes to foster employee’s motivation to work responsibly in the
organization. Emerging leadership styles are transformational leadership. Based on the findings,
they demonstrate that the transformative kind of leadership allows leaders instill confidence,
responsibility, and enhance mutual understanding with employees. They further reveal that
leaders need to know their personality styles and even those of employees in the organization so
that their leadership can help them understand their individual needs.
Differences in The Findings in The Studies Conducted by The Researchers
However, as much as there is a similarity in the leadership style that leaders should have,
there is a significant difference with the concepts that have been applied to support the findings.
For instance, in the study by Skeepers and Mbohwa, the findings have focused on leadership and
management as a means of promoting health and safety in constructions sites. The outcomes
show that managers need to come up with safety measures to influence safety culture. On the
other hand, findings by Iqbal et al. have been supported by the social exchange theory. The
theory points out that an employee who perceives the leadership of the leaders in the
organization as fair is more likely to exhibit behaviors that benefit the organization. Further, the
findings by Joo and Jo have supported their findings using the authentic leadership concept
LEADING AS A FUNCTION OF MANAGEMENT 6
which they show that it is a motivator of intrinsic values among employees. This is a booster for
structural empowerment, unlike traditional organizations that fail to endorse authentic leadership.
Further, the outcomes by Henkel and Dziekoński have been endorsed using personality and
competency tools, respectively, which emphasize the importance of understanding personality
traits among leaders.
Conclusion
Generally, from the articles, leading as a function of management is an important concept
in the leadership of an organization since it can build or destroy the firm. In this case, leaders
who fail to identify strategic ways of learning their employees and motivating them, the
consequences would be poor performance and job satisfaction. Therefore, leading should
incorporate positive influences that encourage productivity and enhanced employee relations.
LEADING AS A FUNCTION OF MANAGEMENT 7
Reference
Dziekoński, K. (2017). Project managers' competencies model for the construction industry in
Poland. Procedia Engineering, 182, 174-181. Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705817312936
Henkel, T. G. (2018). A Field Study: Managers’ Work Behavioral Styles. The Journal of Human
Resource and Adult Learning, 14(1), 30. Retrieved from
https://commons.erau.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2373&context=publication
Iqbal, S., Farid, T., Ma, J., Khattak, A., & Nurunnabi, M. (2018). The Impact of Authentic
Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behaviours and the Mediating Role of
Corporate Social Responsibility in the Banking Sector of Pakistan. Sustainability, 10(7),
2170. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/7/2170
Joo, B. K., & Jo, S. J. (2017). The effects of perceived authentic leadership and core self-
evaluations on organizational citizenship behavior: The role of psychological
empowerment as a partial mediator. Leadership & Organization Development
Journal, 38(3), 463-481. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304596017_The_effects_of_perceived_authenti
c_leadership_and_core_self-
evaluations_on_organizational_citizenship_behaviors_The_role_of_psychological_empo
werme nt_as_a_partial_mediator
Skeepers, N. C., & Mbohwa, C. (2015). A study on the leadership behavior, safety leadership,
and safety performance in the construction industry in South Africa. Procedia
Leading as a Function of Management
Thesis statement: Primary studies suggest that this leading function requires leaders to analyze
their leadership behavior, competencies and organizational conduct among employees to
enhance management practices in the organization.
I. Introduction
II. Difference and similarities in the research done regarding the concept
III. The uniqueness in the articles regarding the authors’ approach to the leading concept
IV. The similarities in the findings in the studies conducted by the researchers
V. Differences in the findings in the studies conducted by the researchers
VI. Conclusion
