BUSI 240 Chapter 7-11 Notes
Teams Groups of two or more people who interact and influence each
other, are mutually accountable for achieving common goals associated with
organizational objectives, and perceive themselves as a social entity within an
organization
Process Losses Resources (including time and energy) expended toward
team development and maintenance rather than the task
Brooke's law The principle that adding more people to a late software
project only makes it later
Social Loafing The problem that occurs when people exert less effort (and
usually perform at a lower level) when working in teams than when working
alone
Task Interdependence the extent to which team members must share
materials, information, or expertise in order to perform their jobs
Effective Team Member Behaviors Cooperating, coordinating,
communicating, comforting, conflict handling
Role A set of behaviors that people are expected to perform because they hold
certain positions in a team and organization
Team building A process that consists of formal activities intended to
improve the development and functioning of a work team
Norms The informal rules and shared expectations that groups establish
to regulate the behavior of their members
Team Cohesion The degree of attraction people feel toward the team and
their motivation to remain members
Self-directed teams (SDTs) Cross-functional work groups that are organized
around work processes, complete an entire piece of work requiring several
interdependent tasks, and have substantial autonomy over the execution of
those tasks
Virtual Teams Teams whose members operate across space, time, and
organizational boundaries and are linked through information technologies to
achieve organizational tasks
Production Blocking A time constraint in team decision making due to the
procedural requirement that only one person may speak at a time
Evaluation Apprehension A decision-making problem that occurs when
individuals are reluctant to mention ideas that seem silly because they believe
(often correctly) that other team members are silently evaluating them
Team efficacy The collective belief among team members in the team's
capability to successfully complete a task
Brainstorming A freewheeling, face-to-face meeting where team members
aren't allowed to criticize but are encouraged to speak freely, generate as many
ideas as possible, and build on the ideas of others
Brainwriting A variation of brainstorming whereby participants write
(rather than speak about) and share their ideas
Electronic Brainstorming A form of brainwriting that relies on networked
computers for submitting and sharing creative ideas.
Nominal Group Technique A variation of brainwriting consisting of three
stages in which participants (1) silently and independently document their
ideas, (2) collectively describe these ideas to the other team members without
critique, and then (3) silently and independently evaluate the ideas presented
Communication The process by which information is transmitted and
understood between two or more people
Nonverbal Communication Includes facial gestures, voice intonation,
physical distance, and even silence
Emotional Contagion The nonconscious process of "catching" or sharing
another person's emotions by mimicking that person's facial expressions and
other nonverbal behavior
Synchronicity The extent to which the channel requires or allows both
sender and receiver to be actively involved in the conversation at the same time
(synchronous) or at different times (asynchronous)
Social Presence The extent to which a communication channel creates
psychological closeness to others, awareness of their humanness, and
appreciation of the interpersonal relationship
Media Richness A medium's data-carrying capacity, that is, the volume and
variety of information that can be transmitted during a specific time.
Persuasion The use of facts, logical arguments, and emotional appeals to
change another person's beliefs and attitudes, usually for the purpose of
changing the person's behavior
Information Overload A condition in which the volume of information
received exceeds the person's capacity to process it
Active Listening Sensing, Evaluating, Responding
Management by Walking Around A communication practice in which
executives get out of their offices and learn from others in the organization
through face-to-face dialogue
Grapevine An unstructured and informal communication network founded on
social relationships rather than organizational charts or job descriptions
Power The capacity of a person, team, or organization to influence others
Countervailing Power The capacity of a person, team, or org. to keep a more
powerful person or group in the exchange relationship
Legitimate Power An agreement among organizational members that people in
certain roles can request certain behaviors of others
Norm of Reciprocity A felt obligation and social expectation of helping or
otherwise giving something of value to someone who has already helped or
given something of value to you
Referent Power The capacity to influence others on the basis of an
identification with and respect for the power holder
Charisma A personal characteristic or special "gift" that serves as a form of
interpersonal attraction and referent power over others
Centrality A contingency of power pertaining to the degree and nature of
interdependence between the power holder and others
Social Networks Social structures of individuals or social units that are
connected to each other through one or more forms of interdependence
Social Capital The knowledge and other resources available to people or
social units (teams, organizations) from a durable network that connects them
to others
Structural Hole An area between two or more dense social network areas
that lacks network ties
Influence Any behavior that attempts to alter someone's attitudes or
behavior
Coalition A group that attempts to influence people outside the group by
pooling the resources and power of its members
Upward Appeal A type of influence in which someone with higher authority
or expertise is called on in reality or symbolically to support the influencer's
position
Inoculation Effect A persuasive communication strategy of warning listeners
that others will try to influence them in the future and that they should be
wary about the opponent's arguments.
Impression Management Actively shaping through self-presentation and
other means the perceptions and attitudes that others have of us
Organizational Politics Behaviors that others perceive as self-serving tactics at
the expense of other people and possibly the organization
Machiavellian values The beliefs that deceit is a natural and acceptable way
to influence others and that getting more than one deserves is acceptable
Conflict The process in which one party perceives that its interests re being
opposed or negatively affected by another party
Task Conflict A type of conflict in which people focus their discussion
around the issue while showing respect for people who have other points of
view
Relationship Conflict A type of conflict in which people focus on
characteristics of other individuals, rather than on the issues, as the source of
conflict
Win-win orientation The belief that conflicting parties will find a mutually
beneficial solution to their disagreement
Win-lose orientation The belief that conflicting parties are drawing from a
fixed pie, so the more one party receives, the less the other party will receive
Superordinate Goals Goals that the conflicting parties value and whose
attainment requires the joint resources and effort of those parties
Negotiation The process whereby two or more conflicting parties attempt to
resolve their divergent goals by redefining the terms of their interdependence
Best Alternative to a Negotiated Settlement (BATNA) The best outcome you
might achieve through some other course of action if you abandon the current
negotiation
