SUPERSTRATE MICROSTRIP ANTENNA FOR 5G WIRELESS
COMMUNICATION APPLICATIONS
Key Points
Wireless technology has evolved from 0G to 4G networks over past
decades
MIMO systems with multiple antennas at transmitter/receiver help
overcome challenges of wireless channels
Massive MIMO is a key technology for 5G networks to increase
coverage
Proposed compact multilayer antenna design for 5G wireless
applications
Antenna has two FR4 substrate layers with monopole antenna,
defected ground, and circular patches
Generates three resonant frequencies - 2.5 GHz, 5.2 GHz, 7.08 GHz
Monopole feed and coplanar ground provide initial dual band
resonance
Adding small circular patches on ground plane and superstrate shifts
resonance down to 6.2 GHz
Introducing Chris-cross patch on ground plane creates 2.5 GHz and
5.2 GHz resonance
Increasing substrate thickness from 0.8mm to 1.6mm improves
return loss and bandwidth
Antenna provides good gain and radiation patterns at resonance
frequencies
Key Highlights
Multilayer antenna design combines different radiating elements for
multi-band operation
Defected ground structures help modify and control the resonant
frequencies
Stacking substrates and patches provides design flexibility for
tuning parameters
Multi-resonance operation allows coverage of key 5G frequency
bands
Compact size and simple geometry make it suitable for mobile
applications
Enhanced impedance bandwidth is achieved through use of thicker
substrate
Antenna can provide good gain, patterns and matching for 5G
mobile devices
PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORKS
Passive optical networks (PONs) are favorable access networks due to
high performance, low cost, and fulfilling user bandwidth demands. Time
division multiplexed PON (TDM-PON) shares bandwidth and hardware
between users, reducing cost but compromising bandwidth.
Wavelength division multiplexed PON (WDM-PON) uses dedicated
wavelengths for each user, increasing bandwidth. It is considered a next-
generation PON.
Greenfield vs Brownfield Deployment
Greenfield: Directly replacing copper networks with WDM-PON
Brownfield: Migrating from existing TDM-PON to WDM-PON. Requires
coexistence of both networks on same infrastructure.
TDM-PON to WDM-PON Migration
TDM-PON: Downstream amplitude modulation
WDM-PON: Downstream minimum shift keying (MSK) modulation
WDM wavelengths separated from TDM using filter
Upstream WDM signal remodulated onto downstream wavelength
Simulation Setup
4 users on 10Gbps TDM-PON, 4 users on 40Gbps WDM-PON
TDM: 2.5Gbps amplitude modulation
WDM: 10Gbps MSK modulation
30km fiber transmission
Results
Even after upgrade, TDM users get error-free signals with ~3dB
power penalty
Crosstalk from upgrade causes <50% power loss
Performance of legacy TDM network not affected much by WDM
upgrade
MSK outperforms DPSK in WDM-PON based on previous works
Conclusion
Migration from TDM-PON to WDM-PON demonstrated with minimal
impact
Allows increased bandwidth and convergence while reusing
infrastructure
