Organizational Behavior Quiz Ch. 4, 5, and 6
________ is a process that involves an individual comparing perceptions of his or her of performance
with those of managers, subordinates, and peers.
A)360-Degree feedback
B)Performance appraisal
C)Performance monitoring
D)Goal monitoring
A)360-Degree feedback
While perception is a part of the organizing framework for understanding and applying Organizational
Behavior, it is a relatively unimportant process.
True or False?
False
The negativity bias tends to make us notice bad things more than good things. True or False?
True
Stereotypes exist about gender, race, and age, but not about occupation. True or False?
False
Justine, a manager, has decided that Harrison is performing poorly because he is lazy. This is an example
of a negativity bias. True or False?
False
Nita is the office manager at a service station. Two applicants, Max and Tim, arrive to interview for the
open mechanic's position. Max's clothes are dirty, his hair is unwashed, and he doesn't make eye contact
when he gives Nita his name. Tim dresses in clean jeans and a nice shirt, is shaved, and shakes Nita's
hand when he introduces himself. After the interview, Keith the head mechanic, asks Nita what she
thought. Both men have the skill set needed for the position. Nita recommends Tim. She is responding to
her perception of
A)the perceiver
B)the target
C)her culture
D)diversity
B) the target
Marion, a shift supervisor, is keeping a performance diary for each of her employees. This mechanism
can ______ performance appraisals.
A)reduce bias in
B)prove stereotypes for
C)eliminate
D)speed up
reduce bias in
Melissa walks into her morning status meeting. She didn't have time for breakfast or even coffee. During
the meeting, she is most likely to focus on
A)staying alert
B)snacks and drinks because she is hungry and thirsty
C)her tasks to accomplish later in the day
D)her phone messages
B)snacks and drinks because she is hungry and thirsty
Sharon observes her older co-worker, Robert, being rude to a new trainee. She has seen this behavior in
Robert whenever the company brings in new trainees. Sharon believes that Robert resents the younger
management trainees, who he refers to as "know-it-alls." She talks to him about _______ to help him
understand.
A)perceptions
B)implicit cognition
C)appraisals
D)stereotyping
D)stereotyping
Which of the following is not a technique by which managers can reduce the effect of implicit cognition
in hiring?
A)use multiple, structured interviews
B)rely on stereotypes
C)use virtual, online interviews
D)undergo training to reduce bias
B)rely on stereotypes
A(n) ______ is an individual's set of beliefs about the characteristics of a group.
A)stereotype
B)implicit cognition
C)attribution
D)memory
A)stereotype
Which of the following is not one of the recommendations to managers about reducing stereotypes?
A)Managers should educate people about stereotypes
B)Managers should create opportunities for diverse employees to work together
C)Managers should encourage all employees to strive to increase their awareness of stereotypes
D)Managers should actively ignore stereotypes
D)Managers should actively ignore stereotypes
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Ethan observes that his subordinate, Nate, is performing and acting like the other members of the unit.
He is observing
A)consensus
B)distinctiveness
C)implicit factors
D)explicit factors
A)consensus
David's boss has observed that David took about 12 hours to perform tasks A, B, and C. However, he took
24 hours to complete task D. David's boss concluded that task D must have been tougher than the other
tasks. Which of the following attributional information led David's boss to this conclusion?
A)low consensus
B)high consensus
C)high distinctiveness
D)low distinctiveness
C)high distinctiveness
If Otto views a situation as having low consensus, low distinctiveness, and high consistency, he is likely to
make an attribution of
A)external causes
B)internal causes
C)self-serving bias
D)fundamental bias
B)internal causes
The self-serving bias states that we tend to
A)give credit to others for their success
B)blame others for our failures
C)attribute people's behaviors to personal factors
D)take more responsibility for success than failure
D)take more responsibility for success than failure
External factors include all of the following except
A)an unsympathetic boss
B)bad luck
C)putting forth effort
D)a difficult task
C)putting forth effort
______ characteristics are quickly apparent to interactants.
A)deep-level
B)surface-level
C)internal
D)external
B)surface-level
_______ is an artificial intervention aimed at giving management a chance to correct an imbalance,
injustice, mistake, or outright discrimination that occurred in the past.
A)discrimination rectification
B)affirmative action
C)the glass ceiling
D)managing diversity
B)affirmative action
Helen uses a wheelchair to get around. Her company, Cue Furniture, makes sure her desk is wheelchair
accessible. The ___________ requires the company to do provide this.
A)Civil Rights Act
B)Rehabilitation Act
C)Equal Treatment Directive
D)Americans with Disabilities Act
D)Americans with Disabilities Act
Saying, "You've got to pay your dues" is another way to promote the status quo. This is an example of
the _______ option that organizations can use to address any type of diversity issue.
A)deny
B)suppress
C)isolate
D)tolerate
B)suppress
Georgia, one of your employees, appears to be motivated by a high need for achievement. Therefore, as
her manager, you should put her in charge of projects.
True or False?
True
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According to self-determination theory, a manager should provide tangible resources, time, contacts,
and coaching to improve employee competence.
True or False?
True
_____________ results when an individual gains satisfaction and self-praise from an assignment.
A)Extrinsic motivation
B)Intrinsic Motivation
C)Job Satisfaction
D)Job Dissatisfaction
B)Intrinsic Motivation
______ is not a content theory of motivation.
A)Acquired needs theory
B)Self-determination theory
C)Theory X and Theory Y
D)Expectancy Theory
D)Expectancy Theory
The need for prestige and reputation is part of the need for
A)esteem
B)love
C)safety
D)self-actualization
A)esteem
CRF schedules are particularly useful when an employee is
A)learning a new skill.
B)missing quotas.
C)frequently absent from work.
D)feeling entitled to receive an award.
A)learning a new skill.
Bettina will experience _______ if her outcome to input ratio is greater than that of a relevant
comparison person.
A)organizational equity
B)positive inequity
C)negative inequity
D)positive equity
B)positive inequity
Pat and Chris are both computer programmers, but Pat earns more money than Chris. However, Chris
perceives an equitable relationship because Pat
A)has more education and experience
B)takes longer breaks
C)works as hard as Chris
D)works less than Chris
A)has more education and experience
Of the following, which is the most closely aligned with employees' perceptions of distributive justice?
A)organizational citizenship behavior
B)organizational commitment
C)stress
D)absenteeism
B)organizational commitment
Otto wants to develop a program to increase employee productivity. He suggests doubling each
employee's production quota and providing a 2 percent bonus for meeting these expectations. According
to expectancy theory, what result can Otto expect?
A)Employee efforts will probably decrease.
B)Employee productivity will probably increase.
C)Expectancy will be high.
D)Instrumentality will be high.
A)Employee efforts will probably decrease.
Tamara has been putting in a lot of overtime. Her supervisor keeps telling her that she will be rewarded.
To date, Tamara has seen no change in her status or pay. This reflects a
A)high valence
B)high instrumentality
C)high expectancy
D)low instrumentality
D)low instrumentality
Research does not support the two-factor aspect of Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory.
True or False?
True
Marion will receive a promotion and a raise if she completes a difficult assignment. This is an example of
A)extrinsic motivation.
B)intrinsic motivation.
C)job satisfaction.
D)job dissatisfaction.
A)extrinsic motivation.
Marcy left a large Fortune 500 company to go to a small start-up technology firm. Earlier in her career,
Marcy wanted a high salary and corporate position, but now she wants something different. She wants
to be part of something that will grow and she enjoys the flexibility a small firm offers. In addition, she is
involved in decision making, so she almost feels like it's her own company. These differing needs
represent steps in
A)Maslow's need hierarchy.
B)McGregor's Theory Y.
C)McClelland's acquired needs theory.
D)Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory.
A)Maslow's need hierarchy.
In McClelland's acquired needs theory,
A)there are five basic needs: power, affiliation, achievement, esteem, and self-actualization.
B)the affiliation need may be either institutional or personal.
C)we learn needs as we live our lives.
D)we have a need to be satisfied in our jobs.
C)we learn needs as we live our lives.
Which of the following is not a process theory of motivation?
A)equity
B)justice
C)acquired needs
D)expectancy
C)acquired needs
Wayne is on the production line for Medical Services Inc. He has been there for five years and has won
Employee of the Month more than anyone else. Zander, his coworker, who has only been at Medical
Services three years and hasn't even been nominated for Employee of the Month, just received a
promotion. Wayne perceives a
A)negative expectancy.
B)negative output.
C)positive inequity.
D)negative inequity.
D)negative inequity.
Professor Jones learns that faculty members in another college with the same degree, years of teaching
experience, and publication record are making significantly more money than he is. He considers this
unfair. He is reacting to ______ justice.
A)institutional
B)distributive
C)organizational
D)procedural
B)distributive
Which of the following statements about goals and goal setting is not true?
A)Goals increase persistence.
B)Goals direct attention.
C)Goals should be set at a level just beyond reachable "stretch" goals.
D)Goal achievement leads to job satisfaction
C)Goals should be set at a level just beyond reachable "stretch" goals.
The goal of the job characteristics model is to
A)apply scientific methods to job design.
B)increase intrinsic motivation in jobs.
C)increase extrinsic motivation in jobs.
D)guide the goal-setting process.
B)increase intrinsic motivation in jobs.
The functions of performance management processes include guiding employee development and
making employee-related decisions.
True or False?
True
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Brenda has two exams and a research paper scheduled within the next 10 days. She creates a study plan
in which she studies an hour a day for each exam and devotes an additional 90 minutes to her research
paper. On Tuesday and Wednesday, Brenda is invited to go out with her friends. Instead, she stays at
home and sticks with her study plan because she knows this will help her learn more effectively.
True or False?
True
In order to fit a situation, a manager should consider creating behavioral, objective, or task/project goals
as appropriate.
True or False?
True
Sales quotas and piecework are best measured using ________ goals.
A)behavioral
B)objective
C)task
D)project
B)objective
________ is the idea that a manager should do what the situation requires.
A)Organizing framework
B)Interactional perspective
C)Contingency approach
D)Performance management
C)Contingency approach
Rachel gets her midterm grades and finds that she has a 2.4 in Organizational Behavior. She expected a
better grade point average to date. Rachel is _________ her performance.
A)monitoring
B)measuring
C)getting feedback on
D)evaluating
D)evaluating
Jill is a sales representative for a large pharmaceutical corporation. According to the current
compensation system, if Jill meets her target for the quarterly sales projections, she will receive a bonus
equivalent to 7 percent of her annual salary. Jill is working hard to meet the sales goal so that she can
buy a new car. Which of the following is true regarding Jill's motivation?
A)it is intrinsically motivated
B)it comes from a sense of competence
C)it is extrinsically motivated
D)it comes from a sense of progress
C)it is extrinsically motivated
_______ is the popular term for linking monetary incentives with results or accomplishments.
A)Pay for performance
B)Pay for play
C)Pay for incentives
D)Pay as you go
A)Pay for performance
Josh runs into heavy traffic every day while driving to work. Yesterday, he left home earlier than usual
and did not run into heavy traffic. Again, today, he left earlier and avoided heavy traffic. His behavior of
leaving earlier enabled him to avoid heavy traffic and reach the office on time. In which of the following
processes did Josh engage?
A)positive reinforcement
B)extinction
C)punishment
D)negative reinforcement
D)negative reinforcement
Allen makes suggestions to his boss about how the department's performance can improve. Although his
boss always compliments his ideas, he never acts on them. Allen then stops making suggestions. This is
an example of
A)extinction
B)the law of effect
C)positive reinforcement
D)punishment
A)extinction
In the four general steps in the goal-setting process, deficiencies in each step can be made up for with
strength in others.
True or False?
False
Negative feedback can have a positive motivational effect.
True or False?
True
The two basic types of goals are
A)learning and behavioral.
B)behavioral and performance.
C)project and objective.
D)performance and learning.
D)performance and learning.
Which of the following is not included in the monitoring step of performance management?
A)measuring performance
B)verifying progress
C)deciding how to measure performance
D)tracking performance
C)deciding how to measure performance
Dr. Hogan carefully chose the final exams written by her best students to read first. They all received
excellent grades. After these, she read the rest of the exams and graded most of them average or worse.
This is an example of _________ perceptual error.
A)leniency
B)contrast effects
C)halo
D)recency
B)contrast effects
Dr. Davis, an accounting professor, is concerned that he was not engaging his students as much as he
would like. He asks his boss, the department chair, and two of his colleagues to sit in on one of his
classes, to give him comments and suggestions for improvement. He also passes out student evaluation
forms. Dr. Davis is
A)providing positive reinforcement for himself.
B)conducting a 360-degree feedback process.
C)developing an action plan.
D)creating a contrast effect process
B)conducting a 360-degree feedback process.
The law of effect states that
A)whatever can go wrong, will go wrong.
B)behavior with favorable consequences tends to be repeated.
C)behavior with unfavorable consequences tends to be repeated.
D)garbage in, garbage out.
B)behavior with favorable consequences tends to be repeated.
Barney is late to work one morning, so he drives over the speed limit through a school zone. As a result,
he gets pulled over by a police officer and receives a ticket. This scenario is an instance of
A)positive reinforcement.
B)negative reinforcement.
C)punishment.
D)shaping.
C)punishment.
CRF schedules are particularly useful when an employee is
A)learning a new skill.
B)missing quotas.
C)frequently absent from work.
D)feeling entitled to receive an award.
C)
