Gracie Frame
Professor Simpson
BIOL 101-B08
24 January 2022
Biomolecules of cells assignment
Carbohydrates
1a. Summarize the role and function of carbohydrates in the body.
Carbohydrates provide you with energy for everyday task. They are also a vital
part of a nutritious diet, although some carbohydrates are better for your health
than others.
1b. List a carbohydrate food example.
Potatoes
1c. Identify the differences in simple and complex carbohydrates.
Simple carbohydrates can be found in things such a syrup and sugar. Things like
fiber and starch are complex carbohydrates. Depending on how much of it is
found in food determines the nutrient quality that it has.
1d. What are negative side effects of your body when too few carbohydrates are consumed?
Some symptoms include things like shakiness, dizziness, and hunger, but it can
get as extreme as confusion and having a hard time speaking.
1e. What are negative side effects of your body when too many carbohydrates are consumes?
Having too many carbs can result in weight gain, poor health, and a greater
chance of heart disease.
1f. What is Galactosemia and discuss causes and symptoms?
Galactosemic is when galactose gets in the blood. It affects the body’s ability to
convert galactose to glucose. It is a rare disease but can be very serious.
1g. Discuss the role of a fiber as a carbohydrate and how it effects the body.
Fiber is a type of carbohydrate that the body is unable to digest. Even though
most carbohydrates are broken down into sugar, this does not happen with fiber.
Since it does not break down it has to pass through the body undigested instead.
Fiber helps keep things like blood sugar and hunger in check.
Nucleic acids
4a. What are the monomers used to construct nucleic acids called?
Nucleotides
4b. What are nucleotides constructed of?
A molecule with a nitrogen-containing base which consist of thymine, guanine,
adenine or cytosine in DNA, or guanine, uracil, adenine, or cytosine in the RNA.
4c. ATP is a very common nucleotide. Why is the bond between the second and third phosphates
in ATP so important?
It contains reusable energy that is ready to use in it.
4d. RNA is a nucleic acid. What is the major role of RNA?
RNA functions in cellular protein synthesis and replaces DNA as it can carry
genetic codes.
4e. DNA is a nucleic acid. What is the major role of DNA?
DNA in the cell is a keeper of the long-term storage of information of the body.
4f. What are the nitrogenous bases in DNA?
8Adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.
4g. What are the nitrogenous bases in RNA?
adenine, cytosine, uracil, and guanine
4h. Why are RNA polymers much shorter than DNA strands?
They are much shorter because they are copied from only a limited region of the
DNA.
