2024 2025 academic year first semester Zoomlion exam questions∼
Chemistry
Note to Candidates:
1. This test paper is divided into two parts: multiple-choice questions and non-multiple-choice
questions. The maximum score is 100 points, and the exam time is 75 minutes.
2. Before answering the questions, candidates must use a 0.5 mm diameter black ink pen to fill in the
items in the sealed line.
3. When answering the question, please answer the answer on the answer sheet. After selecting the
answer to each question of the multiple-choice question, use a 2B pencil to black out the answer
number of the corresponding question on the answer sheet; For non-multiple-choice questions, please
use a 0.5 mm diameter black ink pen to answer in the answer area of each question on the answer
sheet.
4. The scope of the proposition in this volume: Chapter 1 of the Selective Compulsory 1 of the
People's Education Edition ~ Section 1 of Chapter 3.
5.可能用到的相对原子质量：H1 C12 N14 O16 P31
1. Multiple choice questions (There are 14 questions in this question, each question is worth 3
points, a total of 42 points.) Of the four options given for each question, only one of them meets
the requirements of the question.)
1. The following substances are strong electrolytes ( )
A. B. C. D.
2. The following statement is correct ( )
A. The enthalpy reduction reaction must be spontaneous
B. The entropy increase reaction must be spontaneous
C. Contamination can be eliminated by utilization
D. The endothermic reaction can proceed spontaneously at higher temperatures
3. At a certain temperature, in a closed container with a volume of , , , The curve of the amount of the
three gases as a function of time is shown in the figure, and the following conclusions are wrong from the data
analysis in the figure
A. The chemical equation for this reaction is:
B. , the conversion rate is
C. The reaction is started by the forward and reverse reactions at the same time, and the chemical equilibrium is
finally established
D. The addition of a catalyst may bring the reaction to equilibrium at the time
4. Chromium and its compounds have important applications in catalysis and metal anti-corrosion. In the
process of catalytic propane dehydrogenation, part of the reaction process is shown in the figure. The following
statement is correct ( ).
The enthalpy of A. becomes
B. The reaction process shown in the diagram is an endothermic process
C. The reaction is exothermic reaction
D. The reaction must need to be heated to take place
5. In the sulfuric acid industry, it is converted into the following reactions:
The following statement about the selection of
conditions in the actual production of the process is wrong ( ).
A. The temperature is selected based on a combination of rate and equilibrium
B. The choice of pressure as normal pressure is mainly for the perspective of cost control
C. Excessive air can be introduced to improve the conversion rate
D. Recycling in the exhaust gas can prevent environmental pollution and improve its conversion rate at the
same time
6. In a system in a chemical equilibrium state, if the following physical quantities change, it must be judged that the
equilibrium has shifted ( )
A. Concentration of the reaction mixture B. Equilibrium constant of the reaction C. Forward and
reverse reaction rates D. Pressure of the reaction system
7. Principle of industrial hydrogen production: Changing the following conditions can increase the rate of hydrogen
production and increase the percentage of activated molecules ( ).
(1) Change the charcoal block to charcoal powder (2) Increase the concentration
of water vapor (3) Raise the temperature appropriately (4) Add
high-efficiency catalyst
A.①② B.①③ C.③④ D.②④
8. Known: generated with reaction ;
The heat of reaction produced by a dilute solution of a strong acid or a strong base
. then the ionized in aqueous solution is ( ).
A. B. C. D.
9. Put a sufficient amount in a closed container with constant temperature and constant capacity to react.
The following statement is correct ( ).
A. The reaction reaches equilibrium when the volume fraction is unchanged
B. The reaction rate will increase with the increasing mass
C. After equilibrium, the sum of the amount of other substances is charged , and its concentration
increases when the new equilibrium is reached
D. The net increase in available quality per unit time is relatively responsive
10. Ethylene and ethylene oxide are important chemical raw materials with a wide range of uses.
In the experimental measurements, ( ),
( , is the rate constant, which is only related to temperature). The
following statement is correct ( ).
A. After the reaction is equilibrated, the temperature rises, increases and decreases
B. After the reaction is equilibrated, it cools down, decreases and increases
C. After the reaction is equilibrated, a certain amount is filled , increasing and decreasing
D. After the reaction is equilibrated, the temperature rises and decreases
11. At room temperature, add water to dilute the solution, and the following physical quantities remain
unchanged ( ).
A. B.
C. D.
12. The history of the reaction on the surface of the gold catalyst is shown in the figure.
The following statements are wrong ( )
A. The total reaction is carried out in two steps
B. Total reaction
C. is an intermediate product
D.
13. The water-gas shift reaction is . , the
concentrations are all, the above reaction occurs, when the reaction just reaches
the equilibrium state, at this temperature . The following statement is correct ( ).
A. The chemical reaction rate of the reaction is
B. When the reaction reaches equilibrium
C. After equilibrium, the temperature is raised, and the equilibrium moves in reverse direction and increases
D. Refill a small amount , the balance moves in a positive direction, and the value increases
14. Introduce and react in a closed container under certain conditions:
the relationship between the measured equilibrium conversion
rate and temperature and pressure is shown in the figure. The following statement is correct ( ).
A. The reaction
B. Pressure:
C. Time, point:
D. The equilibrium constant corresponding to the point
2. Non-multiple-choice questions (4 questions in total, 58 points in total)
15. (14 points) Under certain conditions, there are two kinds of products (and) of red phosphorus combustion in
chlorine , and the energy change relationship during the reaction is shown in the figure. Answer the
following questions:
(1) The reaction is ______.
(2) Write the thermochemical equation for the combustion of solid red phosphorus in a certain amount to form
a gaseous substance ( ): __________________.
(3) When red phosphorus happens to be completely reacted to form a gaseous substance in the
standard condition, the amount of heat emitted is ______ .
(4) White phosphorus ( ) has the following transformation relationship in combustion.
where ______ (expressed in an algebraic formula with sum).
(5) Red phosphorus and white phosphorus are ______ to each other (fill in "isotope" or "allotrope"), and the same
mass of red phosphorus and white phosphorus are completely burned in oxygen respectively, and the heat emitted
by the two is ______ (fill in "same" or "different").
16. (14 points) Known: Sodium dithionite ( ) reacts with dilute sulfuric acid:
. Answer the following questions:
Experiment I.: Exploring its properties. The device is shown in the figure (the clamping instrument and exhaust gas
treatment device have been omitted). During the experiment, it was observed that the device produced a light
yellow solid, and the device solution faded.
(1) The instrument to be contained is ______ (fill in the name of the instrument).
(2) The red color in the device fades, which can prove that the gas generated in the device is ______ (fill in
the chemical formula). Prediction of in-device phenomena: ______________________________.
(3) Other conditions remain unchanged, remove the water bath, and observe that the fading rate of the device
solution is ______ (fill in "accelerated" or "slowed down"), and the reason is ______________________________.
Experiment II.: Investigate the external factors that affect the reaction rate. The design scheme is as follows:
experiment
sul
phuric acid
distilled
water
Water bath
temperature
Determine
the time of
turbidity
ⅰ10 10 0 35
ⅱ10 5 35
ⅲ10 10 0 45
ⅳ10 8 2 50
(4) Experiments I. and II are used to explore the effect of concentration on the rate, then the ______ is
measured experimentally , and the conclusion drawn from this is ______.
(5) Forecast ______ (fill in ">", "<" or "=").
(6) Experimental measurements: The reason may be ________________________.
17. (14 points) The ionization constants of some weak electrolytes are shown in Table ( ).
Answer the following questions:
The ionization equation for (1) is ________________________, and the ionic equation for the reaction
when the gas is absorbed with a sufficient amount of ammonia is written :
____________________________________.
(2) At room temperature, the order from large to small is ______.
(3) Add the same concentration of solution to the solution drop by drop until it
is exactly neutralized, and the volume of the required solution is __________________ ; If at a certain
time , then the solution is ______ at this time .
(4) Add an appropriate amount of water to the solution, ______ (fill in "increase",
"decrease" or "unchanged", the same below), ______.
18. (16 points) China's commitment to achieve carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060 not only reflects
China's responsibility as a major country, but also shows China's scientific and technological development. A
research team has studied the reorganization and utilization. The reaction principle of the
preparation of dimethyl ether is as follows:
Reaction I.: ( ).
Reaction II.: ( ).
Reaction II.:
Answer the following questions:
(1) ______ , according to which it is judged that the reaction can be carried out spontaneously
under the condition of ______ (fill in "low temperature", "high temperature" or "arbitrary temperature").
(2) Under the condition of constant temperature and pressure, the amount of the same substance introduced into a
closed container and the reaction I. can indicate that the reaction I has reached the equilibrium state is
______ (fill in the letters).
A. The equilibrium constant remains the same
B. Simultaneous bond break while generating a key
C. The density of the gas mixture in the container remains the same
D. The ratio of the quantity of the substance and remains the same
(3), dimethyl ether is filled into a constant-capacity closed container, and the following decomposition
reaction occurs: the total pressure in the container is measured
at different times, and the data obtained are as follows
Reaction time 0 5 10 15 20 ∞
Total gas pressure
Calculated from the data in the table: when the reaction reaches equilibrium, the decomposition rate of dimethyl
ether is ______, and the equilibrium constant at this temperature is ______ ( the equilibrium
constant expressed by replacing the equilibrium concentration of the gas with the equilibrium partial pressure of the
gas, and the partial pressure = the total pressure × the fraction of the substance of the gas).
(4) Reaction I and III. are mixed according to the volume ratio under constant pressure, and reactions
I and III occur under the action of different catalysts, and the selectivity and yield changes with
temperature in the same time period are shown in the figure. Where: selectivity
(1) Under the above conditions, combined with image analysis, the optimal temperature
for the synthesis of methanol is ______, and the best catalyst is ______.
(2) The reason why the temperature is higher and the yield decreases with the
increase of temperature is ________________________.
2024~2025 school year exam questions and chemistry
Refer to the answers, hints, and scoring rules
1.A belongs to strong electrolytes, and item A is correct; Not an electrolyte, item B is wrong;
It is a non-electrolyte, and the C term is wrong; It is a weak electrolyte, and the D term is
wrong.
2.D Most enthalpy reduction reactions can be carried out spontaneously, and term A is wrong; Most entropy
increase reactions can be carried out spontaneously, and term B is wrong; Decomposition is an endothermic
reaction and entropy reduction reaction, which cannot be carried out spontaneously at any temperature, and the C
term is wrong; The decomposition of nitrous pentoxide is an endothermic reaction, and the positive reaction is an
entropy increase reaction, which can be carried out spontaneously at higher temperatures according to the free
energy criterion, and the D term is correct.
3.B As can be seen from the figure, , is a reactant and a product, the ratio of its stoichiometric number is
, and there is a chemical equilibrium in the reaction, and item A is correct; When the conversion
rate is , item B is wrong; There are both reactants and products at the beginning, and the
C term is correct; The addition of a catalyst increases the reaction rate and brings it to equilibrium faster, and the D
term is correct.
4. The enthalpy of B becomes , and the A term is wrong; In the reaction
process shown in the figure: , ,, , so each step of the reaction is an endothermic process,
and item B is correct; This reaction, therefore, is an endothermic reaction, and the C term is wrong; Neither
exothermic nor endothermic reaction necessarily requires heating, and term D is wrong.
5.C When the temperature decreases, the positive movement of the equilibrium can increase the yield but the rate
will slow down, so it is necessary to consider the rate and equilibrium comprehensively, and the temperature will
affect the activity of the catalyst. The conversion rate under atmospheric pressure is already
very high, and when the pressure is increased, the conversion rate is not significantly improved, but the
requirements for the strength of the material and the equipment manufacturing are much improved, so the pressure
used in the actual production is normal pressure, and item B is correct; Excessive air can increase the
conversion rate, the conversion rate decreases, and the C term is wrong; Recycling in the exhaust gas can
prevent environmental pollution and improve its conversion rate at the same time, and item D is correct.
6.B When the sum of the gas metering numbers before and after the reaction is equal, the pressure increases, the
concentration of the reaction mixture increases, the forward and reverse reaction rates increase, but the equilibrium
does not move, and A, C and D are wrong; The equilibrium constant changes, the chemical equilibrium must have
moved, and the B term is correct.
7.C There are two ways to increase the percentage of activated molecules: to reduce the activation energy (such as
adding catalyst) and to increase the average energy of reactants (such as increasing the temperature).
8.A is known from the meaning
of the title, that is:
(1), the heat of reaction of the neutralization reaction of strong acid and strong base can
be expressed as (2), (1)-(2) can be obtained:
, item A is correct.
9.D Analysis of this reaction, the product is only gas, the stoichiometric number is fixed, the volume
fraction is always the error, item A is wrong; is a solid, its mass does not affect the rate of reaction,
term B is wrong; The temperature does not change, the equilibrium constant does not change, the proportional
charge , which is equivalent to pressurization, and the concentration is equal to the original when the new
equilibrium is reached, and the C term is wrong; The change of solid mass per unit time can be compared with the
speed of response, and the D term is correct.
10.D After the reaction is equilibrated, the temperature rises, and both increase, and the A term is wrong;
After the reaction is equilibrated, the temperature is lowered, and the and both decrease, and the B term is
wrong; After the reaction is equilibrated, a certain amount is filled, and the C term is incorrect; After the
reaction is equilibrated, the temperature rises, the equilibrium shifts to the left, decreases, and the D
term is correct.
11.C Add water to dilute the oxalic acid solution, the concentration of , ,
, , It is only related to
temperature, and the C term is correct.
12.B There are two transition states in the total reaction process, so the total reaction is divided into two steps, and
item A is correct; The energy is higher than , the total reaction is an exothermic reaction, and the B term is
wrong; It is the product of the first step reaction, the reactant of the second step reaction, and the intermediate
product, and the C term is correct; The activation energy is less than the activation energy, so the
rate is fast and the D term is correct.
13.B The rate of chemical reaction is the average rate over a period of time, not the instantaneous rate, and term A
is incorrect; When the reaction reaches equilibrium, the ratio of the forward and reverse reaction rates is equal to
the ratio of the coefficients, and the B term is correct. The temperature increases, the equilibrium moves in the
opposite direction, but does not change, and the C term is wrong; The temperature does not change, the
equilibrium constant does not change, and the D term is wrong.
14.D As can be seen from the figure, the equilibrium conversion rate increases with the increase of
temperature, and the positive reaction is endothermic, and the A term is wrong; The positive reaction of
the reaction is the reaction with the increase of the number of gas molecules, and the equilibrium of the increased
pressure moves to the direction of the reverse reaction, and the conversion rate decreases.
As can be seen from the figure, the conversion rate of the point is less than the conversion
rate at equilibrium, and the reaction is carried out in the positive direction, and the C term is wrong;
The temperature of the point is the same as the temperature of the point, and the point equilibrium constant
is equal to the point, in a three-stage formula
, item D is correct.
15. (1) (2 points).
(2) (3 points).
(3) (3 points).
(4) (2 points).
(5) allotropic forms; Difference (for each two points)
16. (1) (Possession) Test Tube (1 point)
（2） ；The solution turns red and does not fade (no fading, no writing, no deduction) (2 points each).
(3) slowing down (1 point); Other conditions remain unchanged, the temperature is reduced, the percentage of
activated molecules is reduced, and the reaction rate is slowed down (2 points)
(4) 5 (1 point); Other things being equal, the concentration (sulfuric acid) decreases and the reaction rate slows
down (2 points)
(5) (1 point).
(6) The effect of temperature rise on the rate is greater than the effect of decreasing concentration on the rate (2
points)
17.（1） ；
（2）
（3） ；
(4) Reduction; Increase (2 points per space)
18.（1） ；Low temperatures
（2）
（3） ；( Points can also be given).
（4）① ；Catalysts
(2) Reaction I. is an exothermic reaction, the temperature increases, and the equilibrium
moves in reverse, so that the equilibrium conversion rate of the conversion is reduced (or the
temperature increases, the catalyst activity decreases, and then the rate slows down, and points can also be given) (2
points per empty).
2025 phase testing
chemistry
H-1 C-12 O-16 Co-59
I. Paper (Multiple Choice)
Multiple-choice questions (This question consists of 13 questions, each question is worth 3 points, a total of
39 points.) Only one option per question matches the question)
1. The following statements related to chemistry and production and life are correct ( )
A. There are many solar street lamps in the campus in the sea, and the main component of the photosensitive panel
is silica
B. Petroleum is mainly a mixture of various hydrocarbons, which can be separated by the method of fractionation
C. The method of separating industrial ammonia products is to liquefy ammonia
D. The suitable conditions for catalytic oxidation of ammonia are high temperature, high pressure and catalyst
3. The following statements are true ( )
A. When reacting with a solution of the same concentration, the absolute value of the neutralization heat of
dilute sulfuric acid is twice that of hydrochloric acid
B. The heat of combustion of methane, then the thermochemical equation for methane
combustion can be expressed as:
C．It may be an endothermic reaction
D. In the neutralization heat experiment, the temperature needs to be measured twice in a parallel experiment
4. Carbonyl sulfur ( ) can prevent the harm of certain insects, nematodes and fungi. In a closed container with
the same volume, it is heated and mixed under the action of a catalyst
to react and reach equilibrium. If the amount of the substance before
the reaction is 10 , the amount of the substance at equilibrium is 8 , and the chemical equilibrium
constant is 0.1
A. The amount of the substance before the reaction is 7
B. Increasing the pressure, the chemical equilibrium moves in a positive direction
C. With the increase of concentration, the positive reaction rate increases and the reverse reaction rate
decreases
D. The ratio of increasing the ratio can be reduced
5. Diesel fuel vehicle is through urea-selective catalytic reduction method to treat nitrogen oxides, the working
principle is: the urea aqueous solution is sprayed into the exhaust pipe through the nozzle, when
the temperature is higher than 160 °C, urea hydrolysis, generated , generated and oxygen-rich exhaust
gas mixed, under the action of the catalyst, so that the nitrogen oxides can be treated. As shown in the figure,
the curve of the conversion efficiency with temperature at different feeding ratios is displayed. The following
statement is incorrect ( ).
B. Equilibrium conversion that can be improved using catalysts
C. The possible reason for the increase in temperature and conversion rate in the figure is the accelerated
release rate of ammonia and the increased activity of the catalyst
D. The possible cause of the high temperature and the decrease in conversion rate in the figure is the reaction
6. At high temperature, a reaction reaches equilibrium, equilibrium constant . When the
volume is constant, the temperature increases and the concentration decreases. The following statement is
correct ( ).
A. The enthalpy of this reaction becomes positive
B. Under constant temperature and constant capacity, the pressure increases, and the reaction rate accelerates
C. As the temperature increases, the positive reaction rate accelerates, the reverse reaction rate slows down, and the
equilibrium moves positively
D. The chemical equation for this reaction is:
7. When a certain amount of hydrochloric acid reacts with excess iron powder, in order to slow down the reaction
speed and not affect the total amount of hydrogen generated, an appropriate amount of (1) solid can be added to the
hydrochloric acid ; ② ；(3) solid; (4) solids; (5) solution; (6)
Solution
A①②⑥．B②③⑤．C②④⑥．D②③④．
8. Known:
Judging from the above thermochemical equations, the following statement is correct ( ).
A．The heat of combustion is
B. The above diagram can represent the reaction process and energy relationship generated by the
generation
C．
D．When heat is released from the reaction , the number of electrons transferred is
about
9. In the presence of a catalyst, two parallel reactions can occur at the same time, and the thermochemical
equation of the reaction is as follows:
①
②
Under the conditions of constant pressure and the quantity ratio of the starting substance of the reactants
, the experimental data measured at the same reaction time are as follows:
Experiment
number
catalyst Conversion
rate (%)
Methanol yield
(%)
1 543 Catalyst A 12.3 5.2
2 543 Catalyst B 10.9 7.9
3 553 Catalyst A 15.3 6.0
4 553 Catalyst B 12.0 8.6
The following statements are true ( )
A. Other conditions remain unchanged, and the conversion rate of conversion to equilibrium
increases in the reaction of increasing temperature (1).
B. At the same temperature, the selection of catalyst a is beneficial for the conversion to
C. Reaction (1) Activation energy of positive reaction: no catalyst> catalyst B> catalyst A
D. Other conditions remain unchanged, when the measured equilibrium conversion rate under different
pressures is almost equal, indicating that reaction (2) is the main reaction at 620K
10. Boiler exhaust gas (main component) of coal-fired power plants can be removed by the main reaction
; Side reactions occur at
temperatures above 300°C: Under the
condition of constant pressure and the ratio of the amount of the starting substance of the reactant, the
conversion rate of the reaction at the same time with temperature under the action of different catalysts is shown in
the figure
A. Increasing the temperature and pressure can improve the equilibrium conversion rate in the main reaction
B．
C. Under the conditions shown at point X in the figure, the reaction time is long enough to achieve the
conversion rate of point Y
D. The reason for the reduced conversion rate from point Z to point W in the figure is the reverse shift of the
equilibrium of the main reaction
11. The following experimental operations or devices meet the experimental requirements ( )
A. Inspection ion B. Volumetric fixing
C. Determination of neutralization heat D. Determination of the rate of chemical reactions
12. Known: . The experimental rate equation is
, ( , is the rate constant, which is only related to
temperature and catalyst, and independent of concentration). The above reaction was filled into a 2L constant
volume closed container and the above reaction occurred, and the measured
volume fraction as a function of temperature and time is shown in the figure. The following statement is
correct ( ).
A. The relationship between the activation energy of the forward and reverse reactions is
The conversion rate of B.a point is 80%.
C．temperature at temperature
D. Chemical reaction rate: point of point C , point of point
13. At a certain temperature, 1 A and 1 B gas are filled into a 2L constant capacity closed container, the
reaction occurs , the equilibrium is reached, and a condition of the
reaction is changed at the time and time, and the concentration of gas C in the container is measured to change with
time as shown in the figure, and the following statement is wrong ( ).
A. If , then
B. If the temperature rises at all times, then the reaction
C. If A , B, and C are refilled into the system backward at the moment , then
D. Keeping the temperature constant, fill the container with 1 A and 1 B at the beginning, and add 2 D
to make the conversion rate of A less than 50% at equilibrium
II. Paper (non-multiple-choice)
14. (16 points) (1) There will certainly be no torch relay event at the Sea Games, which have been postponed due to
rain, but the torch will generally be fueled by propane ( ). Propane has a higher calorific value and less
pollution, making it an excellent fuel. Try answering the following questions:
(1) As shown in the figure, the energy change diagram in the process of complete combustion generation and
1 of a certain amount of propane is generated.
Write the thermochemical equation that represents the heat of combustion of propane: ________.
(2) Dimethyl ether ( ) is a new type of fuel with broad application prospects. 1 . Dimethyl ether is
completely burned to produce and liquid water releases 1455 heat. If the mixed gas of 1 propane and
dimethyl ether is completely burned to produce a total of 1645 heat with liquid water , then the ratio of the
amount of propane and dimethyl ether in the mixed gas is _______.
(2) Try to use Gaisce's law to answer the following questions:
Known:
If 46g of liquid anhydrous alcohol is completely burned and returned to room temperature, the heat of reaction in
the whole process is ________.
(3) Known:
then the ________.
(4) Neutralization heat is measured with a device as shown in the figure.
Experimental drug: 100 0.50 hydrochloric acid, 50 0.55 solution, 50 0.55
ammonia.
Protocol Procedure: Omitted.
Known: , . Answer the following questions:
(1) From the point of view of the experimental device, there is still a lack of _ _______.
(2) The acid solution with a concentration of 0.50 and the alkali solution of 0.55 are mixed with 50
each (the density of the solution is 1 ) to generate the specific heat capacity of the solution
, and after stirring, the temperature change data of the acid-alkali mixture is measured as
follows
reactant Starting
temperature /°
C
Termination
temperature /°
C
Neutralize the
heat
Group A 15.0 18.3
Group B 15.0 18.1
A student used the above device to conduct a group A experiment, calculated the ________ according to the given
data , and found that the possible reasons for the low value of neutralizing heat were ________.
A. After measuring the temperature of hydrochloric acid, when measuring the temperature of the solution again
, the residual acid on the thermometer was not rinsed with water
B. The room temperature was high on the day of this experiment C. Looking down at the reading while
measuring the volume of hydrochloric acid
D．solutionprimaryrapid incorporation E. Poor thermal insulation effect of the experimental device
The reason for the difference in the results of the experiment between the two groups is _______.
15. (15 points) Cobalt oxides are often used in the preparation of catalysts and pigments. Cobalt oxides can be
produced from cobalt ore [the main components are , , ,
(1) The oxide unit cell of a cobalt is shown in Figure 1, and the electronic configuration formula of the cobalt ion
outside the nucleus of the ground state of the cobalt ion in this oxide is ________.
(2) The main steps of using cobalt ore to produce oxides for drilling are as follows:
(1) Leaching: Cobalt ore is leached with hydrochloric acid and solution, and the leaching solution
contains plasma. Write the ionic equation for the reaction to
occur: ________; The spatial configuration ________ written
(2) Impurity removal: add sufficient amount of oxidation to the leaching solution first , and then add
adjustment to remove . Write the equation for the ions that are
oxidized under acidic conditions: ________
(3) Extraction and reverse extraction: an organic acid extractor is added to the solution after impurity removal
, and a reaction occurs. The experimental
measurement shows that when the solution is in the range of 4.5~6.5, the extraction rate increases with
the increase of the solution (as shown in Figure 2), and the reason is ________. The extracted organic phase
was added , and the aqueous phase was obtained by reverse extraction. The purpose of design extraction
and reverse extraction in this process is ________.
(4) Cobalt precipitation and thermal decomposition: add solution to the aqueous phase obtained after reverse
extraction , filter, wash and dry to obtain crystals. Weigh 7.32g of the crystals,
heat them in the air for a period of time, and give a mixture. The mixture was weighed with a mass of
3.16 g, and the ratio of the neutralized masses of the mixture was determined by calculation
________. (Write out the calculation process).
16.(14 points)
I.. Known:
The equilibrium constant of the reaction is ;
The equilibrium constant of the reaction is .
The values at different temperatures are as follows:
Temperature
(Absolute)
973 1.47 2.38
1173 2.15 1.67
(1) Derive the equilibrium constant K and , the relationship
between the reaction and , is ________, and judge that the reaction is a ________ reaction (fill in "endothermy" or
"exothermic").
Ⅱ．At temperature, a constant capacity closed container with a volume of 2L was added, 4.00 , 2.00,
and a chemical reaction occurred . Some of the experimental
data are shown in the table.
0 500 1000 1500
4.00 2.80 2.00 2.00
(2) The reaction rate of the first 500s is ________, and the equilibrium constant of the reaction is
K=________.
(3) When the reaction reaches equilibrium, the change of a physical quantity with temperature is shown in the
figure below. What are the _________ of physical quantities that can be represented by the ordinate.
a ．The rate of the reverse reaction of Y b ．Volume fraction of M
c. Mean relative molecular mass of the gas mixture d.X's mass fraction
(4) After the reaction reaches equilibrium, if 3.00 and 3.00 are added , the following statement
_______is correct.
A. Balance does not move
B. After re-equilibrium, the volume fraction of M is less than 50%
C. After re-equilibrium, the concentration of M is 1.5 times that of the original equilibrium
D. After re-equilibrium, the average reaction rate of Y is equal to the original equilibrium
E. After the equilibrium is re-reached, the v (positive) represented by X is greater than the original equilibrium
(5) If the container is an adiabatic constant capacity container, 4.00 and 2.00 are added at the
beginning, and the amount concentration of the substance after equilibrium M is ________1.5 (fill in ">",
"=" or "<").
17. (16 points) Nitrogen is an important non-metallic element that can form a variety of compounds. Try to answer
the following questions:
(1) Known . For this reaction, change a
certain reaction condition, (known temperature ) The following image as shown in Figure 1 is correct
________ (fill in the code).
(2) Hydrogen catalytic reduction of flue gas contains "denitrification" reaction.
Under certain conditions, the effect of the
volume fraction of the added volume fraction of the nitrogenous species in the equilibrium of the reaction is shown
in the figure
(1) With the increase of volume fraction, the valence state of medium N is gradually reduced. When
the volume fraction is in , the conversion rate is basically 100%, while the volume
fraction of and is still increasing, which may be due to ________.
(2) Known: I.
Ⅱ．
The reason for the decrease in the figure is with the reaction generated , write the thermochemical
equation for this reaction: ________.
(3) The synthesized reaction is an exothermic reaction, if the reaction is equilibrium, only one condition is
changed, and when the new equilibrium is reached again, the equilibrium constant K value becomes larger. The
correct statement about this reaction is ________ (alphabetical number).
A. Must move in the direction
of the positive reaction
B. When moving in equilibrium, the positive
reaction velocity first increases and then
decreases
C. Must move in the direction
of the reverse reaction
D. When moving in equilibrium, the reverse
reaction rate first decreases and then increases
(4) At 400 °C, at 28 hours, the mixture of 1 and 3 is filled into a closed container with
variable volume, and the catalyst is added, and the conversion rate is 60% when the reaction reaches equilibrium
equilibrium after 10 minutes .
(1) The following image can correctly represent the change of the relevant quantity in the process________
(alphabetical number).
(2) Equilibrium constant ________ (the equilibrium partial pressure is used instead of the equilibrium
concentration calculation, and the partial pressure = total pressure × the quantity fraction of the substance).
(5) When the temperature and volume are constant, if the feed gas feeding ratio is
equilibrium, the volume fraction is 30%. The ratio of the pressure inside the container to the starting pressure
is ________
Tested in the second year of high school
Sophomore Chemistry Answers
1-5 CBBAB 6-10 ABDDC 11-13 BDD
14. (16 mins) 1:3
Glass stirrer (1 point) ACE (3 points, 1 point will be deducted for one less, no points will be
awarded if there is a mistake).
Ionization is endothermic, resulting in a decrease in exothermia
15.(15 points)
(1) or
（2①） ；Triangular pyramid (1 point).
②
(3) Increase, decrease, balance is carried out in the positive direction, and the extraction rate
increases, enrichment and purification
(4) , ,
If the two formulas are combined, the mass ratio is (4 points).
16. (14 points, 2 points per blank)
I. (1) Endothermic
Ⅱ（2） ；6.75
（3）bd （4）CE （5）<
17. (1) B
(2) (1) The low-price state is reduced (reasonable answers are acceptable).
②
（3）AD
(4) (1) a (2) (3 points).
(5) (3 points).
