TUBERCULOSIS
P J S
TABLE OF CONTENT
1. T pathoge
2. M of transm
3. C and
4. P
5. T disease
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For example, tuberculosis of the spine might cause back pain,
and tuberculosis in your kidneys might cause blood in your urine.
4. Prevention
People who are more likely to get sick from TB disease
include:
those with HIV infection (the virus that causes AIDS);
those who have been recently infected with TB (in the last
two years);
those who inject illegal drugs;
babies and young children;
elderly people;
those who were not treated correctly for TB in the past;
and
those with certain medical conditions such as diabetes,
certain types of cancer, and being underweight.
Continued…
The risk of infection can be reduced by using a few simple
precautions:
•good ventilation: as TB can remain suspended in the air
for several hours with no ventilation.
•natural light: UV light kills off TB bacteria.
•good hygiene: covering the mouth and nose when
coughing or sneezing reduces the spread of TB bacteria.
Continued…
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5. Treatment of the disease
•Medicine is needed to prevent getting TB disease later.
One or more drugs are used to treat latent TB infection.
•It is very important taking the drugs exactly as per the
doctor’s advice.
The usual treatment is:
•2 antibiotics (isoniazid and rifampicin) for 6 months.
•2 additional antibiotics (pyrazinamide and ethambutol) for
the first 2 months of the 6-month treatment period.
Continued…
•The exact drugs and length of treatment depend on the
age, overall health, possible drug resistance and where
the infection is in the body.
•Most common TB drugs
Isoniazid
Rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane)
Ethambutol (Myambutol)
Pyrazinamide
Some drugs might be added to therapy to counter drug
resistance, including:
Bedaquiline (Sirturo)
Linezolid (Zyvox)
Continued…
Completing treatment is essential
Stopping treatment too soon or skipping doses can allow the
bacteria that are still alive to become resistant to those
drugs, leading to TB that is much more dangerous and
difficult to treat.
•A program called directly observed therapy (DOT) can
help people stick to their treatment regimen.
