SDG'S IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT POST PANDEMI
Introduction
The SDGs program in United States is very important to be realized considering that
economic conflict is very high and has the potential to continue to change from time to time.
The economic conflict in question is a struggle for resources that results in economic
inequality. The struggle for natural resources, inflation and the lack of employment that has
occurred in United States has greatly impacted the pace of the United States economy, whose
growth is still carried by 6%. Moreover, United States is a country that is still in the
developing category so it really needs hard work in economic development through various
programs.
The economic changes experienced by United States can be said to be running rapidly.
The change of leadership is the main factor why the economic paradigm has changed from all
dimensions. Despite the changes, the dominance of capitalism as an economic view that is
now growing rapidly does not necessarily have a strong effect on economic practices in
United States, there was even a time when United States turned into a country that embraced
socialist economics. Although in practice these ways are not carried out due to the influence
of a fairly strong global economy (Prasmuko & Anugrah, 2010).
In the Soekarno-Hatta era, economic views based on socialist and liberal ideas
experienced intense dynamization. Soekarno, who had a tendency to use socialism as his
economic outlook, also had a strong opponent from his own friend who was also the vice
president puts forward slightly liberal societal principles.
However, with ongoing changes, the political dynamics in United States can no longer
be fully controlled by the State. The roles of the private sector and developed countries have
influenced economic development in United States from time to time (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, with several crises in developed countries, reduced export demand and slow
investment have had a significant impact on the weakening of the United States economy.
Especially in the Trump regime, which has been hit by a pandemic for more than a
year that does not know when it will end. Various efforts are made so that they can return to
their usual activities. The corona virus is still being discussed in the world, even becoming the
number one global issue. The virus that has infected 147 million people with the number of
people who died as many as 3.1 million more makes the world continue to strive to find
solutions to humanitarian problems that hit the world can be resolved in a short time.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has targeted many lines of life of the world
community such as economy, education, social, health, and culture. The aspects of life most
affected are the economy, health and education. In this research, I try to discuss matters
within the scope of the economy such as state income, national expenditure budgets and the
basic needs of people affected by COVID-19 as well as how the SDGs for economic
development are an alternative solution. The economic downturn is increasingly felt amidst
the increasing needs of handling the pandemic. The decline in income and the stagnation of
the economy have led many countries to experience an economic recession. According to the
World Bank, the world economy will decline to 5.2 %. In United States, this symptom is also
felt by the government, where the economy is predicted to experience a revenue minus of
2.2% due to the impact of COVID 2019 (Fahrika & Roy, 2020). Large countries in several
continents such as America, Europe and Asia cannot do much in increasing their economic
pace. Moreover, with pandemic conditions that cannot be controlled, WHO as the world's
health authority calls on all countries to reduce their activities in all sectors.
In recent decades, it is undeniable that United States economy is still under global
domination. The influence of capitalist ideology initiated by Adam Smith and socialist
ideology initiated by Karl Marx has had a considerable influence on United States journey
both politically and economically (Hafizah, 2005). So that the clash of ideas in the realm of
political economy often occurs in every leadership regime. Pancasila as the principle of the
State has not been able to provide a way out in the practice of political economy because it
still has various interpretations that continue to be debated until now.
Until now, it can be concluded that every leadership regime in United States has a
reference in running the wheels of policy in the economic and political aspects. For example,
in the New Order regime, the mecca of economic development and political views referred to
western policy views. This can be proven by the modernization narrative brought by President
Soeharto in leading United States for 32 years. This view shows that the policy patrons of the
new order regime were always oriented towards western political economy policies, or in this
case America and Europe.
Therefore, a creative movement is needed that allows people and countries to continue
to run in conditions that can be said to be unsafe, but the lines of life continue to run normally.
Although implementing health protocols has been campaigned, it is not enough to be the basis
for carrying out activities. Likewise with vaccines, even though they have been circulated, it
is still necessary to implement health protocols because vaccines cannot guarantee that people
will not be exposed to COVID-19. So the only step is to create new things that make people
comfortable doing activities without having to reduce the effectiveness of these activities.
The economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has drastically reduced the
flow of distribution and state revenues (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). All countries are less
focused on meeting infrastructure needs before the pandemic is over. In developed countries,
some have reported experiencing an economic recession because financing for handling the
pandemic drains enough energy and costs so that the economy becomes weak. Indirectly,
economic policies and political expansion have also changed significantly.
With unfavorable economic conditions in almost all countries, companies that are also
affected provide wage reductions to their employees, some have also carried out massive
layoffs due to the plummeting economy. State revenues are also reduced because many of the
costs of handling in the health sector are inflated. On the other hand, taxes cannot be paid at a
predetermined amount due to reduced company income.
As a result, in several developing countries such as United States, the only way is to
increase state debt to meet the needs of the community, government agencies and the state
itself. Since the pandemic, United States has owed 5,877 Trillion in 2020. According to a
number of renowned economic experts such as Rizal Ramli, United States debt figure could
be a boomerang that will weaken the country's economy and could experience a recession like
that experienced by Greece.
Therefore, it is necessary for economic development to have a strong strength so that
the economic program in United States runs sustainably. SDGs in the field of economic
development and employment are one of the great potentials that United States needs so that
our economic development does not depend on the policies of each existing regime. As stated
by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Retno Marsudi, said that through the SDGs, United States
has succeeded in reducing poverty to 9.8%, in addition, the fulfillment of clean water
increased to 76.44% and access to health services to 77.78%.
Programs to meet needs and open employment opportunities that can provoke
economic growth and guarantee people's lives need to be strengthened in various ways, one of
which is by realizing SDGs in the field of economic development. Especially during the
COVID-19 pandemic which makes the economy uncertain, an economic policy is needed that
strengthens the income of the State and society so that people's lives remain economically
stable.
Referring to the program conveyed by President Jokowi, that during the COVID-19
period the SDGs program must continue because it is a state obligation. So it is very natural
that the social assistance provided by the government to the community targets many MSMEs
and other economic sectors so as not to disrupt economic growth during the pandemic. This
program will also greatly impact the availability of adequate employment after massive
layoffs carried out by many companies due to the large wage burden amid uncertain financial
conditions.
Research Methods
This research seeks to determine the urgency of the SDGs program for economic
growth and employment for United States. This research uses a literature study method that
aims to describe how international economic conditions impact economic conditions in
United States through the results of research that has been conducted in several countries,
especially in Asia. This research begins by examining how the SDGs process that has been
declared by the United Nations is realized in United States and how much impact the SDGs
have on United States in the economic aspect through national and international news portals.
Then researchers collected various kinds of national and international journals for the purpose
of analysis and strengthening arguments about the realization of SDGs in United States during
the COVID-19 pandemic. The literature used is focused on journals that discuss MDGs and
SDGs. Then researchers also conducted an analysis using Nvivo 12 Pro to find out what the
potential for economic development is right for United States in the future.
Literature study is a type of research used to critically examine an idea, theory, or
finding in the literature with academic purposes in certain scientific studies (Cooper, 2010).
The results will be described systematically by presenting data that is explained
systematically so that it is easily understood by the reader. This research uses Nvivo 12 Pro to
analyze how the right development strategy for countries in the eastern part of the world and
its implications for the SDGs of economic development in United States.
Results and Discussion
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have 17 goals with 169 targets to be achieved
by 2030. SDGs is a world program that has been endorsed by the United Nations and agreed
by 193 countries in 2015, one of which is United States. President Jokowi is even very
intensively socializing to all government institutions so that the SDGs targets can be achieved
in a fairly short time. The President even asked the Minister of National Development,
Suharso Monoarfa, to work hard to utilize science and technology so that this program runs
optimally.
One of the goals of the SDGs is economic development in various sectors with the aim
of improving the economy of the United States people. Economic development is SDGs
agenda number 8 which is compiled with the aim of improving the livelihoods of all people in
various regions and can open up jobs on a larger scale. The program is also expected to
narrow the wage gap and shorten the social gap between rich and poor (Sariguna et al., 2020).
In the context of economics, increased production and consumption are the
benchmarks used to see how the economic conditions of the people in a country. If production
and consumption have increased, then the economy can be said to be growing (Pamungkas et
al., 2018). So that the program initiated by the State in overcoming economic problems will
always measure how the production and consumption power in society.
United States as a developing country as well as a global country has a strong
commitment to economic development. One of the ways this is done is by supporting the
economic activities of the community through strengthening production in MSMEs so that
social inequality can be effectively overcome and alleviated. Therefore, United States in the
midst of the Trump governments is very focused on reforming the rules in order to create a
healthy environment for the economic growth of the community.
This is also based on the high poverty rate in United States, as of 2020, the poverty
rate in United States has increased from 24.8 percent to 26.4 percent due to the impact of
COVID-19 (see Figure 01). Economic growth is the sector that gets the most attention by the
current government. With massive infrastructure development in all regions, the government
believes that this will increase economic growth because production and supply are not
hampered. The distribution of staples and other materials can also be done quickly due to
adequate transportation access due to the efficiency provided. This also increases the State's
spending revenue because taxes and investments are increasing.
In various economic perspectives, there are many ways that a country can get a budget
that is used to carry out development. One way that can be done is by investing (Aulianida et
al., 2019). Investment is placing funds in one or more managed assets for the purpose of
making future profits (Owen & Walter, 2017).
Investment can also be interpreted as a form of spending a sum of money by someone
to get a number of means of production aimed at producing and selling to others in order to
get income. A country usually invests in other countries with the aim of getting income from
the country that is given an investment. A country's investment is usually in the form of
infrastructure and industry.
In economic development, there are many perspectives that can be used to keep the
economy moving. However, in the context of a country's economic development, there are
things that must be limited so that the economic environment can remain under control and
run according to the current. According to the Washington Consensus, the realm of
government in economic development focuses on three sectors, namely the infrastructure,
education and health sectors. This restriction is done so that concerns about government
failure such as corruption, collusion and nepotism do not occur because they will potentially
threaten the stability of the State budget (Rasmini & Hermanto, 2008).
In United States, after the collapse of the New Order, corrupt practices are still
prevalent in the bureaucracy, slowing down growth. Many developments that have been
planned with costs that have been approved by the government but not realized as expected
because most of the costs are corrupted. The Hambalang project, E-KTP, Kuala Namu Airport
Project, East Canal Flood Project, Bekasi River Normalization Project, Nusa Dua Toll Road
and many more.
The economic slowdown in United States is not only caused by internal factors, but
there are also external factors involved due to the policies of international organizations such
as the IMF, UNICEF, WHO and the declining demand of foreign countries for exports. Until
the second quarter, the pace of the economy in United States fell to just four percent. In
addition, there is the threat of the dollar exchange rate against the rupiah strengthening, until
April 2020, the dollar exchange rate reached 16,000 rupiah per US dollar and threatened a
recession for United States.
Therefore, economic development must be guarded by political policies that refer to
how the State is able to adapt to global political-economic conditions. However, the issue that
is often debated by many experts is how the government's strategy is to realize positive
economic growth and have a positive impact on its citizens. So that often the economic
policies taken seem to carry foreign interests which are allegedly very dangerous for the
sustainability of the economy in United States.
Especially in the age of globalization, although each country has its own economic
concept, economic practice always takes liberal measures. So that in some situations, the State
does not have the authority to shape its own market share. The view of liberal economics as
expressed by Adam Smith and Jean Baptiste Say that the market determines its own needs so
that the State and government do not need to interfere in determining the market (Rasmini &
Hermanto, 2008).
This is a challenge for United States as a country in developing the economy and
formulating policies. With global dominance in With the economic aspect of politics, the
government as the executor of the policy cannot move freely in determining what the nation
should produce so as to increase its economic growth rate. With this policy, the SDGs
program for economic growth can achieve its target by 2030 (Panuluh & Fitri, 2016).
Post-Pandemic Economic Growth Strategy
One of the strategies needed to succeed the economic growth SDGs program is to
make strong policies and integrate with the economic activities of the community through
digital media or platforms. Especially with the development of increasingly advanced
technology, it is very possible for the government to create a special platform that can be
utilized by the community in increasing their income so that the huge economic gap between
the rich and the poor can be overcome.
With the rapid development of technology, there is potential for the government to
boost its economic strength. Utilizing a digital-based economic platform by replicating the
digital marketing concept brought by many economic actors in the world such as Jack Ma
(alibaba) and Jeff Bezos (amazon) can be a potential that is developed to build international
market share. This means that United States people are not only dependent on the national
market share, but can also touch the international market so as to create economic power that
reaches people in the world.
So far, the economic system run by United States is still conventional so that financing
is not only on production, but also on product distribution. In this case, United States must
have a digital-based business platform whose market share does not only rely on buying and
selling between countries, but touches the global community. Thus, United States with this
digital business platform can create markets not only on a macro scale (countries), but also on
a micro scale (individuals).
Today, we are in the midst of an economic reorganization in which platform owners
seems to be developing powers that may even be greater than the owner's factories at the
beginning of the industrial revolution (Kenney et al., 2019). This idea should be a step taken
by the government so that the State's expenditure income does not only come from one
source, but from various sources. This aims to balance the country's balance sheet so as not to
increase the debt burden so much and ultimately accelerate the achievement of SDGs in the
area of economic growth and adequate employment.
Before forming a strong economic platform, the economic products that are built and
strengthened must be clear in order to create a healthy and well-run economy (Dingwall,
2020). Referring to the figure above, we can see that in general, developers in eastern
countries must prioritize three things, namely tourism, infrastructure and policy management.
In this context, tourism (visitors) has a role not only as visitors, but consumers who will
automatically market products to the wider community (Goh et al., 2019; Guchua, 2019;
Panuluh & Fitri, 2016; Perzyna, 2020).
In line with the principle of "No One Left Behind", the SDGs encourage the National
Development Agenda to be more participatory and involve a wide range of government and
non-government stakeholders. Development policies are formulated together with multi-
stakeholders, so that the sense of ownership of the national medium-term development plan
(RPJMN) grows stronger and it is hoped that its implementation will not leave anyone behind.
Therefore, the government must be able to open the economic faucet by involving many
parties, especially the community, in order to achieve the goal of a healthy economy and
broad employment opportunities.
So an effective strategy is needed to attract visitors so that the number increases in a
short period of time. This is where the power of the State will be needed not to build political
networks, but economic cooperation networks that reach the international world by utilizing
existing business opportunities from good relations that have been built long ago. Thus, the
economic potential can be predicted to be stronger and have a positive impact on society.
In addition to visitors, infrastructure is very influential on economic strength because
it talks about product supply whether it can continue to run efficiently or not. The average
developed country in the economic field has a strong infrastructure so that the distribution of
production materials does not experience obstacles (Ishatono & Raharjo, 2016). In United
States, infrastructure development is very intensively carried out in the Jokowi administration
with the aim of strengthening the national economy. The realization that globalization
encourages progress for a country is indeed real, and in this condition, the State cannot reject
advanced and rapid developments, the only step is to adapt.
Digital business platforms are one of the infrastructures that must be strengthened by
the State so that economic independence can be realized. The presence of a business platform
run directly by the government can have a positive impact on United States economic
progress. This means that digital-based business platforms are not only played by individuals,
but also by the State. In order to be realized properly, this idea must be supported by policies
or rules governing how this business runs. In order not to If it is co-opted by individuals, then
this business platform can only be owned by the State. Thus, international trade or export no
longer relies on conventional methods, but also utilizes technological advances.
This kind of economic culture should be built by the government so that the economic
growth program as one of the goals of the SDGs can be achieved optimally by 2030. The
rapid advancement of technology should not only be an accepted reality, without utilizing the
economic potential that exists in it. Moreover, the political economy situation is dominated by
international economic policies that greatly limit the course of a country's economy, including
United States. To overcome this, the State must be able to build an economic power that is
friendly to the world community, especially since United States brands are currently very
much favored by the world community.
In practice, community involvement as suppliers needs to be strengthened and
encouraged in order to meet market demand on an international scale. In developed countries,
this kind of economic practice has not been implemented so that the majority of state revenues
come from conventionally managed taxes and exports. So that the sustainability of the
economy is very much tied to the results of taxes, state debt and exports alone. If this kind of
economic behavior is not renewed, then in the future the national economic challenges will be
much more severe, and international intervention will be even stronger and in the end United
States dependence on international policies will be even stronger (Suprijanto, 2011).
Moreover, the pandemic situation is not over yet, so the State must build its economic
empire in creative ways to keep its economic growth increasing (Perzyna, 2020). Although
there is no clear reference, this idea can be a step that can be taken so that State revenues
outside of taxes also exist, and even the budget can experience a significant increase. To
borrow Adam Smith's term, let the economy be run by the invisible hand, the State as an
economic actor and policy maker continues to position itself as it should.
Although currently United States is still a country that depends on international trade,
finance and production, which is also the cause of United States difficulty in getting out of
international pressure, the economic sovereignty movement must certainly be built in order to
get out of the economic shackles intervened by the IMF, NTc, and the World Bank. With a
business empire that relies on technological advances with the support of ownership laws in
the hands of the State (policy), of course sooner or later political economic sovereignty can be
realized.
Conclusion
This research aims to examine how the SDGs endorsed by the United Nations in 2015
impact developing countries like United States, especially in the economic area. The
succession of the world program called SDGs in the field of economic growth is very heavy
and has many challenges, especially in United States. Not only in the sector of society that
still lacks awareness to carry out economic activities independently, but it is also influenced
by the policies that are in place overlapping. Not to mention the influence of political
economy policies that to this day invite debate because they often change according to global
economic conditions, making the State not have strong authority in determining the pace of its
own economic growth (Hardin, 2017).
The impact is that the country's economy only comes from taxes and export proceeds,
and has not been able to develop due to very binding global policies. In the midst of very
uncertain economic conditions due to the impact of the pandemic, the rate of economic
growth in almost all countries has experienced significant degradation. Like a puzzle, the
current world economy must be arranged one by one in order to create a stable economic
culture and in accordance with what is expected (Islam & Muyeed, 2020). Moreover, the
economy is a means to fulfill the livelihood of all people. So it takes an economic culture that
is based on political policies that touch all the interests of people in the world (Owen &
Walter, 2017).
Therefore, United States in the future must build an economic ecosystem that is
intertwined not only within the boundaries between countries, but economic relations that
touch the personal community in every country in the world. This will help the SDGs
program because an economic ecosystem that is integrated with national, international and
personal interests must be implemented as an effort to develop the national economy. One of
the steps is to build a digital business platform that is not limited to bilateral relationships, but
personal relationships also need to be built to build a wider market.
A digital market designed for the purpose of international trade that involves the State
and its people directly allows United States to benefit greatly if managed with State control.
Moreover, we are currently in the midst of a free market, where economic practices run on
liberal principles. Especially for the Asian region, the AEC, which was inaugurated in 2015,
must be utilized as well as possible by the State so as not to be left behind by other countries.
As we know, the AEC cannot be separated from positive and negative views.
However, the income inequality experienced by ASEAN countries can be a solution to
generate economic strength to be more stable. AEC could be a potential for domestic
development and international development (Rofiq, 2014). For this reason, United States with
the potential for great natural wealth must be able to utilize this space as a venue for economic
development for United States future progress.
This effort is certainly still a first step, the ultimate goal to be achieved is economic
sovereignty without international interference. United States current economic condition
cannot be separated from the influence of the IMF and the World Bank due to debt
entanglement so that politically United States is very vulnerable to interference in economic
expansion. Of course this is not an easy matter, but every step must be taken so that in the
future we become a sovereign country and free to determine our own destiny.
Suggestions for future researchers are to conduct more specific research on household-
based economic development so that the SDGs not only have a macro impact, but also touch
micro areas. There are still very many points that can be As a research topic in the SDGs,
especially with regard to the realization process of the SDGs program, which must be studied
a lot in order to find the right formulation so that it is right on target and helps United States
future development.
