COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN IMPROVING GOOD
GOVERNANCE
Introduction
Good governance is a form of development management, which is also referred to as
development administration. Basically, the implementation of good governance is a better
public servant to the community, therefore good governance is very important to be
implemented in Baranti District, Sidenreng Rappang Regency. Development management or
development administration places the role of government central. So the government
becomes (agent of change), from a (developing) society in a developing country, especially in
regional areas.(Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019).
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public services are a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020)
The application of the principles of good governance is very important in the
implementation of public services to improve the performance of state apparatus. This is
because the government designed the concept of good governance principles to increase the
potential for change in the bureaucracy in order to realize better public services. (Cahyadi
2017)
Theory Review
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
Concept of Participation and Community Participation Participation
Community member participation is the involvement of community members in
development, including activities in the planning and implementation of development
programs/projects carried out in the community in society 2. Meanwhile, community
participation in development is defined as the participation of the community in development,
participating in development activities and participating in utilizing and enjoying
development results. (Mustanir and Abadi 2017)
Based on this, community participation is an activity that involves a person's feelings and
emotions in the decision-making process and carrying out responsibilities in an organization
or group in achieving a common goal that has been set.
Bornby in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Mustanir and Yasin 2018) for example,
defines participation as the act of "taking part", namely activities or statements to take part in
activities with the intention of obtaining benefits. Participation is the participation of a person
or group of community members in an activity (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015). Meanwhile,
Verhangen in (Mardikanto & Poerwoko, 2015) (Irwan et al. 2019) states that participation is a
special form of interaction and communication related to the distribution of authority,
responsibility, and benefits. (Mustanir, Fitriani, et al. 2020)
According to [1], Participation of community members is The involvement of community
members in development includes activities in the planning and execution (implementation)
of development programs / projects performed in the community. Meanwhile, according to
[2], Community participation in development is defined as community participation in the
development, participation in development activities and participation in utilizing and
enjoying the results of the development. Study on the definition of community participation
[3] addressed the scope of participation by starting with the sequence of the development
planning process, the type of community participation in development as follows: 1)
Participation in decision-making, 2) participation in the implementation of activities, 3)
participation in the monitoring and evaluation of development,. (Mustanir, Abadi, and A.
2017)
Basic Concepts of Good Governance
Government or "Government" in English can be interpreted as "The governing body
of nation, state, city, etc." Meanwhile, the term "governance" or in English "governance" is
"the act, fact, manner of governing", which means "actions, facts, patterns, and attitudes or
activities of organizing the government". Thus governance is an activity or process, as
expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that governance is more of a series of
processes of socio-political interactions between government and society in various fields
related to community interests and government interference with these interests.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin 2015: 33) good governance
is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a nation's
affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance is an implementation of
political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economic (in making decisions on
economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing policies) in managing
state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship between government,
society, and the private sector. (Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
According to Mardiasmo (1999: 18) good governance is a concept-oriented approach
to public sector development by the government good. The state with the government
bureaucracy is required to change the pattern of elitist bureaucratic self-service to populist
bureaucracy. Where the private sector as a manager of resources outside the state and
government bureaucracy must also contribute to the management of existing resources. The
application of good governance ideals ultimately requires the involvement of community
organizations as a counterbalancing force to the state. (Cahyadi 2017)
The leader also has a role to provide direction and give real influence on the
subordinates or employees in carrying out the functions of an agency. Leadership is the
ability to influence a group towards the achievement of the goal. The bureaucracy is an
important instrument in modern society, its existence is not inevitable as a logical
consequence of the main task of the government to carry out public welfare (social welfare)
as in the public service. Quality service is one manifestation of the implementation of the
principles of good governance.(Mustanir, Jermsittiparsert, et al. 2020)
Principles of Good Governance
According to UNDP (United Nation Development Program), the characteristics or
principles developed in good governance are as follows (Mulyawan, 2009: 20-23)
(Nurimansyah et al. 2020)
Participation
Every person or citizen should have equal voting rights in the decision-making process
in accordance with their respective interests and aspirations.
Rule of Law
The framework of laws and regulations must be just, enforced and fully complied with,
especially the rule of law on human rights.
Transparency
Transparency must be built within the framework of the free flow of information on
various processes, institutions, and information must be freely accessible to those who
need it, and information must be provided in an adequate and understandable manner so
that it can be used as a monitoring and evaluation tool.
Responsiveness
Every institution and its processes must be directed at efforts to serve various interested
parties (stakeholders).
Consensus Orientation
Good governance will act as a mediator for different interests to reach an agreement
that is best for the interests of each party.
Equity
Good governance will provide equal opportunities for both men and women in their
efforts to
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Every process and institution is directed to produce something that really suits the
needs through the best possible utilization of the various resources available.
Accountability
Decision makers in service sector organizations, and civil society citizens are
accountable to the public as well as to their owners (stakeholders). Such accountability
varies depending on whether the organization's decisions are internal or external.
Strategic Visioning
Leaders and citizens have a broad and long-term perspective on good governance in
terms of human development, as the need for such development is felt. They also
understand the historical, cultural and social complexities that underlie their
perspectives.
Interconnectedness
That all the characteristics of good governance mentioned above are mutually
reinforcing and interrelated and do not stand alone. It addresses the issue of pure subject
orientation as it exists in societies where there is no differentiated input structure.
Subject orientation in political systems that have developed democratic institutions is
more affective and normative than cognitive (Mustanir and Jaya 2016).
Asep Supriatna (2014:43) mentions in the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach (PRA),
transect is very important to make direct observations of the environment and community
resources, by traveling together through the village area. Conducting a transect starts from the
location with the lowest elevation point to the highest point in the village that is observed or
adjusted by agreement of community members. The results of the location search are then
poured into a chart called a Transect Chart in the form of a picture of the slices of land that
are passed, as well as describing the height of the location and the economic activities of the
community at various heights.
Data recorded include: elevation of the location, natural resources, and objects important,
problems faced by the community and the environment, technical, social, and economic
conditions of the community, the state of public facilities and infrastructure and so on.
(Mustanir and Yasin 2018)
Mahsun (2006: 83) also distinguishes accountability in a narrow sense and a broad sense,
accountability in a narrow sense can be understood as a form of accountability that refers to
who the organization (or individual workers) is responsible for and what the organization is
responsible for. (Muis, Saleh, and Rusli 2016)
Conclusion
Good governance in its achievement must be supported by the public service to be
oriented towards service delivery. Public service is a crucial part of achieving the goals of
good governance. The government builds a competitive atmosphere in providing services;
The government is oriented towards market needs, not bureaucracy; The government is
decentralized and more proactive. (Jamal, Mustanir, and Latif 2020) Government or
"Government" in English can be defined as "The governing body of nation, state, city, etc."
While the term "governance" or in English "governance" is "the act, fact, manner of
governing", which means "action, fact, pattern, and attitude or governance activities". Thus
governance is an activity or process, as expressed by Kooiman (Sedarmayanti 2012: 2) that
governance is more a series of processes of socio-political interactions between government
and society in various fields related to community interests and government interference with
these interests. Meanwhile, by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (Kasemin
2015: 33) good governance is "the exercise of political, economic, and administrative
authority to manage a nation's affairs at all levels" or if interpreted which means governance
is an implementation of political aspects (in making regulations or policies), economics (in
making decisions on economic resources), and administrative authority (in implementing
policies) in managing state affairs, as well as a synergistic and constructive relationship
between government, society, and the private sector (Nurimansyah et al., 2015).
2020)
Community participation is a process that can support the community to begin to
"realize" the situation and problems they face and try to find a way out that can be used to
overcome their problems (have critical awareness). Sumardi (2010: 46) states that
participation is the participation of a person or group of people in the development process
both in the form of statements and in the form of activities by providing input of thoughts,
energy, time, expertise, capital, and / or material, as well as participating in utilizing and
enjoying the results of development. (Sulaeman, Mustanir, and Muchtar 2019). Isbandi in
(Mustanir, Abadi, & Nasri, 2016; Mustanir, Ali, & Yasin, 2018; Uceng, Ali, Mustanir, &
Nirmawati, 2019; Uceng, Erfina, Mustanir, & Sukri, 2919) says that the concept of
participation also includes: Participation regarding political rights, including in public policy
making, is carried out systemically, as an instrument that encourages good governance, and
can increase public trust in government administration. (Mustanir, Latif, and Irwan 2019)
Deliberation of development planning as a method to make the community contribute
on decision making or policy related to regional development planning. Decision making is
an election among several alternatives problem solving. The decision of the development plan
itself cannot be separated from several factors that influence it, including dealing with the
environment, of which one of its most difficult characteristics in decision making is
uncertainty.(Ahmad Mustanir et al. 2018)
