PRIVACY AND PERSONAL DATA SECURITY ISSUES IN
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS
Introduction
Artificial Intelligence has become a phenomenon in the global society because of its
influence in various aspects of human life both personally and socio-economically and
politically. Besides being used for purposes that can increase human productivity, Artificial
Intelligence can also be used for things that create problems both socially and politically.
Some time ago there was news that the President of United States could make a speech using
Mandarin fluently. However, it was a creation of Deepfake, which is a type of Artificial
Intelligence used to produce new photos or videos with the aim of depicting something that
did not really happen. Venezuela, a country located in Latin America, experienced political
unrest that was created by Artificial Intelligence and spread across various media. The use of
personal data such as photos or videos that violate privacy or without the permission of the
owner is a matter of concern. So the issue of personal data security or privacy is increasingly
becoming a concern because of the fear of misuse by parties who are not authorized or do not
have consent to access personal data.
Artificial intelligence is the result of the 4.0 Industrial Revolution based on information
technology. Previously, the Industrial Revolution 1.0 resulted in the invention of the steam
engine. The Industrial Revolution 2.0 was characterized by the invention of electricity. While
in the Industrial Revolution It is characterized by the emergence of computers that improve
the quality of human life in society. The Industrial Revolution 4.0 relies on automation and
data exchange over the internet. Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data,
robotics, Machine Learning and Cloud Computing are here to improve the quality of human
life through increased productivity. Artificial Intelligence requires big data to provide
predictive analysis that can answer questions or problems.
The problem is the need to ensure the security of personal data accessed by Artificial
Intelligence to prevent misuse of data such as the sale of personal data, sending false data or
information (hoaxes) and data exploitation. Previous research has identified data security
concerns that threaten human freedom. Especially for layers of society who do not or lack
digital literacy on Artificial Intelligence. And of course, the ones who benefit in this case are
people who have high digital literacy and even organizations that regulate and use Artificial
Intelligence, be it profit, nonprofit and even political organizations.
Organizations that regulate Artificial Intelligence and use it only for their own purposes
will make the rest of society mere spectators and followers of their messages. According to
Tufekei (2014), how algorithms on social media, which have followed the predictive analysis
of Artificial Intelligence, can reinforce bubble filters, thus limiting users' access to only
information that aligns with their views. And in research conducted by Van Dijk (2013),
shows how companies that control technology can collect and utilize individual data without
the consent or knowledge of the individual concerned.
This research will understand the security measures for personal data in the context of
capitalism. Through a literature search, the author analyzes the various strategies that have
been implemented in ensuring the security of personal data that can be misused by
organizations through the use of Artificial Intelligence. Therefore, this research will provide
insights into the challenges that must be faced in overcoming these problems and finding the
best solutions to overcome them. Therefore, this research is expected to provide a knowledge
base for ensuring the security of personal data in the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0.
Research Methods
This research is a literature study with the aim of gaining a comprehensive
understanding of Artificial Intelligence and its impact on personal data security. This research
focuses on analyzing relevant literature so it does not involve primary data collection. As for
conducting research based on literature studies, the first step the author takes is to identify the
research topic. In this research, the author focuses on human or public data security.
So the research question is "How can the security of personal data be affected by the
application of Artificial Intelligence? Or "How does Artificial Intelligence use personal data
to generate economic value?". Next, the author conducted a literature search based on data
from digital libraries and academic data after formulating the topic and research questions.
Literature sources that are relevant to the identified topics are books, journal articles,
research articles and other sources. The selection and sorting of data sources is the next step in
order to produce data sources that have high quality and relevance for research. After quality
and relevant data sources have been collected, the next step is to analyze and synthesize the
literature. In this step, the author reads and understands each data source, notes the findings,
agreed differences and similarities, and the theory used. Finally, the author organized the
journal. This includes the introduction, background of the problem, literature analysis, key
findings and conclusion.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
Results And Discussion
On era Revolution Industry 4.0, humans have opportunity to increase its productivity due to
the help of the utilization of information technology. Through information technology, the
internet began to be recognized which made humans connected to each other. Humans can
communicate without limits and exchange data through the internet. The rapid development
of the internet initiated the emergence of automation, robotics, big data, machine learning and
artificial intelligence. So that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has become so influential in all
aspects of human life today.
Straubhaar and LaRose (2011) describe technological change as a revolution
experienced by humans in society because of its influence in the society life. This means that
the technological changes achieved in the industrial revolution affected the way humans
produce things, changing the conditions and lifestyle of humans in society or interacting. The
industrial revolution passed through several stages where in the first stage, known as the
Industrial Revolution 1.0 is when humans began to recognize the steam engine and use it as
the main driver of production. This revolution began around 1750 to 1850. The Industrial
Revolution 1.0 first occurred in England. With the steam engine, production power that
previously used humans and animals began to be replaced. Of course, the impact is efficiency
in production in transportation, manufacturing and mining. An example in transportation is
the use of steam engines on ships, which allows ships to sail without the need to rely on wind.
In the social economy, the use of steam engines triggered rapid industrial growth. This led to
urbanization as the growth of industry resulted in the employment of labourers.
The emergence of the industrial revolution 2.0 began in the early 20th century. This was
marked by the invention of electricity. Steam engines are now replaced by electric power
engines. And also the application of conveyor belts in the car production process, This
changed the way the old car production process which still involved a lot of human labor in its
assembly to less human labor so that it became much faster cheaper and more efficient. There
was mass production in this era.
The information technology era, which began in the 1970s, is considered the beginning
of the Industrial Revolution 3.0. Compared to the previous two industrial revolutions, which
were triggered by the invention of the steam engine (Industrial Revolution 1.0) and the
invention of electric power machines and conveyor belts (Industrial Revolution 2.0), the
Industrial Revolution 3.0 exists because of the use of various machines that can move
automatically made in the form of computers supported by advances in information
technology. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution 3.0, there was a change in the
way humans interact and communicate. The internet was invented in this era.
Currently, the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has made technological progress even
faster. The development of the internet is increasingly rapid and connects everything around
the world, not only humans but also various data both transaction data and others online. In
this era, product development will be faster and will certainly create diverse consumers and
have an impact on relatively low prices. Take for example online transportation companies
that can offer better transportation services by responding to calls faster compared to
conventional transportation and provide cheaper transportation services.
The industrial revolution 4.0 is often referred to as the Digital Revolution, which is a
development of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 money characterized by increased computer
capabilities and automation in various aspects of human life. Artificial Intelligence, Big Data,
Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computation, and 3D printing are breakthroughs of internet-
based digital technology. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), if in the past humans still
used their minds a lot, then in this era robots with Artificial Intelligence think a lot. Therefore,
one of the unique characteristics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 according to Tjandrawinata
(2016) is the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Community
Humans are the ones who feel the impact of the various Industrial Revolutions that
occur. Because the influence felt is not only for the industry and its product process patterns
but also affects human life in all its aspects. Human relations with their surroundings are
affected by these influences. And this influence is not only in the field of technology, but also
in the social, political and economic fields. In the economic field, it can be seen from the
various disruptions that occur, for example in transportation services with the presence of
online taxis and motorcycle taxis. In the political field, people who used to not care much
about politics have turned into political observers who daily browse or get political news
through their social media. In the social field, social interactions between people in society
have become borderless. Distance and time are no longer a barrier between people. Various
activities such as meetings, meetings or even negotiations or decision-making can be done via
the internet. This is what happens in today's modern society.
Society also has a history that begins with when it was still in the stage of relying on
living from hunting. At that time, humans relied on spears and sharp stones to hunt, and at
that time spears and sharp stones were a revolution.
This is called Society 1.0, a revolution that gave birth to homo sapiens, namely smart
humans who are able to speak and imagine (Pradipta. 2019).
Following later was Society 2.0 which began to settle in certain areas and started
farming. This society has also begun to raise animals for consumption. It was in this era that
people were introduced to agricultural culture, which changed the lifestyle of the community
and built social, economic and social interactions politics. People in this era have also started
to have ideas about national life.
The arrival of the Industrial Revolution 1.0, which has been mentioned earlier, changed
people's lives again. Machines have begun to be operated and make various manufactured
products on a massive scale. The people involved in the Industrial Revolution experienced an
increase in income more than before. The increase in production also made people change
their behavior, becoming more consumptive. In this era, education and science also
progressed. Scientific institutions began to be established such as The French Academy of
Science or the Royal Society of England. According to Pradipta (2019), it is in this era that
borders between countries are more easily crossed by industry and trade networks. This is
where the era of Society 3.0 begins.
After experiencing more intense inter-connectivity between countries, people began to
experience various new discoveries, especially in the field of information technology,
especially based on the internet. When people begin to be attached to various activities that
are connected to the internet, the dissemination of information is increasingly frequent and
easy. People utilize the internet to facilitate their daily activities and increase their
productivity. This means that the internet has become the main support in human activities.
Society 4.0 is a society that works by using internet networks to search, store and analyze data
(Haqqi and Hasna.2023).
Artificial Intelligence
The era of the internet-dependent society produced by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 has come
with the arrival of various increasingly sophisticated technological products. These rapidly
developing technological products affect human life in social, economic, political and other
fields. There are many technologies that are currently developing and used by the community
but not all know about it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023), currently people are using
Geolocation, Robotic, Internet of Things, Big Data, 3D printing.
Geolocation is a technological finding that makes it easier for humans to find places or
geographic location points accurately. People generally know it as GPS (Global
Positioning System). With geolocation, it is also possible to know the whereabouts of
other devices so that the user of the device can be known or tracked.
Robotic, is a technology product that is considered to replace humans in routine work.
Robots are considered to have higher productivity than humans.
Internet of Things, where all aspects of life are connected or connected to the internet.
The internet has the ability to connect various technological devices, making it easier
for humans to fulfill their needs. The need for education, finance, transportation, the
latest news and others become easy to access.
Big Data, this is the result of various data sent by people via the internet. Some send
data in the form of photos, videos or statuses. These data can be sent through social
media applications. Billions of data are sent and all through the internet network. This
is what is called Big Data, which produces a lot of data on the internet network.
According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023) Big Data is a large set of data that will be
analyzed for desired purposes, such as decision making, prediction and others
supported by velocity, variety and volume. According to Baenanda (2018) with Big
Data, it can produce various data that can be analyzed with algorithms that have been
designed to produce useful information. All data in Big Data is a source of data for
Artificial Intelligence. By utilizing Big Data, Artificial Intelligence can create various
products and services that make it easier or in accordance with human needs.
3D printing is another invention of information technology that allows humans to
make various solid objects in 3-dimensional (3D) form. The 3D printing process
utilizes additive technology that is placed sequentially to produce 3D objects. 3D
printing technology is widely used in various fields. In the field of medicine, 3D
printing can be used to create medical implants or human replacement organs for
patients in need. In the field of architecture, 3D printing can be used to construct
houses with minimal use of construction workers. Artificial Intelligence plays an
important role in the operation of Geolocation, Robots, Internet of Things, Big Data,
and 3D printing. Artificial Intelligence is a human-created creature designed to
resemble human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is able to think complexly with a
variety of existing data to be accessed by it. According to Haqqi and Hasna (2023),
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of digital computers to carry out tasks associated
with certain intelligence. The ability of digital computers or Artificial Intelligence that
has been able to answer various tasks or questions given has been seen in human life.
Not only in the speed of providing answers to questions or the capacity of enlarged
data so as to have a variety of alternative answers but Artificial Intelligence has begun
to provide human-like answers in terms of flexibility.
It can be said that Artificial Intelligence is given the ability to learn to be the same or
similar to human abilities. For example, Artificial Intelligence can perform medical diagnosis,
voice or writing recognition and other abilities that have so far only been possessed by
humans, no other creature has it. Until finally there is a creature other than humans that has
reason and intelligence, namely Artificial Intelligence. Some programs in Artificial
Intelligence have even been claimed to outperform human abilities.
Artificial Intelligence according to Khan (2021) has three levels of classification. The
first level is called Artificial Narrow Intelligence (AI), where at this level AI only solves
narrow problems or in one specific field. In this case, it can be found in the example of
Google Search or web page searches and customer service chatbots such as Veronica at
Telkomsel. This first tier has begun to replace tasks that are routinely performed by humans.
The second level is known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGA), which is Artificial
Intelligence that is expected to match human intelligence. At this level, white-collar human
jobs such as doctors, engineers and accountants will begin to be replaced by Artificial
Intelligence. The third level, Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is the level where Artificial
Intelligence is already above human intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence requires access to personal data to develop its predictive analysis
capabilities. Social media (Instagram, Facebook), Marketplaces or E-commerce (Tokopedia,
Amazon), Video on Demand (VOD) (Netflix, Vidio) owned by humans or users are access to
personal data. Because these various platforms or applications have used Artificial
Intelligence to improve systems and processes to generate more revenue (Rahardja. 2022).
This is what humans in general do not realize, that social media has a role for Artificial
Intelligence in absorbing personal data from each human being. Artificial Intelligence learns
the various activities that humans do on their social media so that Artificial Intelligence can
predict what possible actions will be taken by humans or social media users. In the field of
marketing, this can increase The social media platform can generate revenue because it can
present content or products or services or trends that can be offered to users, thereby
increasing sales transactions. But at the same time, there is an act of data collection without
the conscious consent of the social media user by Artificial Intelligence. According to
Harwood and friends (2019), currently the classification level of Artificial Intelligence is still
at Narrow Artificial Intelligence (ANI).
The actions taken by Artificial Intelligence in accessing personal data of humans or
users is a problem that never ends. The personal data is processed and analyzed so that certain
parties that utilize Artificial Intelligence can be used for interests that can benefit the party but
harm the user. The personal data becomes economically valuable data. According to Wasko,
Murdock, and Sousa (2011), there has been Transaction Generated information - TGI which is
generated by taking something valuable without notification or conscious users. The data
taken can not only be processed and produce better products or services to be marketed but
also monitor all user activities. According to Smidt and Osden (2020), the government tracks
citizens in every movement or activity when facing the Covid-19 pandemic, this is possible
with the use of Artificial Intelligence.
Personal Data
When Artificial Intelligence has access to personal data, it will process and perform
predictive analysis of what the user is interested in. Artificial Intelligence will always display
content or advertisements or information based on the predictive analysis that will attract the
user's attention. Karen (2023) pointed out that when humans like information about car
accidents, Artificial Intelligence will display more content or information about car accidents,
repeatedly. Because Artificial Intelligence predicts that it will be immediately responded to or
viewed by the user because it attracts his attention. This is all based on a large amount of data
or Maha Data processed by Artificial Intelligence. Starting from data on friendships,
relationships between people, political or religious beliefs, purchase history, health data or
Geolocation data are collected by Artificial Intelligence to be processed and analyzed to
produce predictive analysis. This is a concern or problem regarding the security and use of
personal data.
Personal data is collected automatically and routinely at any time without attracting
attention, without notification and without the consent of each individual (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011). In the hands of irresponsible people or organizations, the personal data will
be used for trading, either for economic or political purposes. In the United States,
organizations in the data brokerage industry are growing rapidly. CheckPoint, one of the
organizations in the data brokerage industry, once committed a personal data security breach
by exposing the personal financial information of 163 thousand consumers (Wasko, Murdock,
and Sousa.2011).
The issue of personal data raises questions about the ethics of Artificial Intelligence in
collecting and using data. The use of Artificial Intelligence in factories can raise ethical issues
when it comes to personal data, discrimination, and fairness (Berente. 2021). Over-
supervision of employees in organizations through Artificial Intelligence raises debates. The
ethical use of Artificial Intelligence must involve knowledge of philosophy, law and
information systems (Martin. 2016) in order to better understand this issue.
The issue of personal data in new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence will
always roll on. Some people choose not to use social media or marketplaces to avoid the
possibility of personal data being misused (Alzaidi. 2022). Misuse of personal data will lead
to privacy violations. According to Gutierrez (2019), privacy is the ability to control and limit
physical interactions, psychology and access to information to other parties.
Personal data does have value. For profit-making organizations, maximizing the
processing of personal data through Artificial Intelligence will increase revenue. Consumer
segmentation and targeting techniques by organizations can also be used for political
campaign activities. Voter profiles can be easily accessed by Artificial Intelligence from
various data taken from social media or other data access. Later, Artificial Intelligence will
provide content or advertisements that attract users to keep voting or switch their political
choices.
Conclusion
In the conclusion of this research, the main findings are that Artificial Intelligence is an
unavoidable technological invention and that it draws on personal data to perform predictive
analysis. This research identifies that personal data has been accessed by Artificial
Intelligence through the vast amount of data collected in Big Data. This data collection is
caused by activities carried out by individuals through social media or marketplaces or
various other platforms actively sending data in the form of video, conversation/text, or voice.
The security of personal data is vulnerable, because data collection by Artificial Intelligence
is carried out at any time. This happens whether the individual's personal data is taken without
the individual's consent or unconsciously. It is debatable as to the ethics of Artificial
Intelligence accessing such data and processing it into value for profit-seeking organizations
or political organizations.
Recommendations for future research include further exploration of the actions that
technology companies, private profit-seeking organizations, the public and of course the
government should take in designing regulations that safeguard individuals' personal data.
Future research could also explore the impact of personal data harvesting on the political or
economic equality of society as a whole. In conclusion, there is insight into how Artificial
Intelligence captures and uses personal data in today's modern society that has become
dependent on the support of the internet in everyday life. Individuals are not aware that their
personal data is being captured so that their behaviors will be known and then recorded and
analyzed to later be used as predictive analysis so that it becomes a valuable database, for an
organization or others to achieve its goals, be it economic by maximizing income or political
or other goals.
