1
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (OHS) RISK MANAGEMENT
1.0 Introduction :
Construction services activities have been proven to provide contribution important in
development and economic growth in all countries in the world, including Indonesia, both
organized by the government and the private sector. Safety and Health Occupational Safety
and Health is an issue that has caught the attention of many organizations today because it
includes problems humanity, economic costs and benefits, legal aspects, accountability and
image of the organization It itself. All of these have the same level of importance, although
here and there there are changes in behavior, both within the environment itself and other
factors that enter from the organization itself Ervianto (2005).
The process of building construction projects is generally an activity that contains many
elements of danger. The situation in the project site reflects a harsh character and the activities
look very complex and difficult to implement so that it requires excellent stamina from the
workers who carry it out. But it cannot be denied that the work This construction is a
contributor to the high number of accidents. The number of cases of work accidents and
occupational diseases is very detrimental to many parties, especially the labor concerned
Ervianto (2005).
Work accidents often occur due to lack of fulfillment of requirements in the implementation of
occupational safety and health. In this case the government as the organizer of the State has an
obligation to provide protection to the workforce. This is realized by the government with the
issuance of regulations such as: Law No. 1 of 1970 concerning work safety, Law No. 3 of
1992 concerning Workers Social Security (JAMSOSTEK), and Regulation of the Minister of
Manpower No. Per.05/Men/1996: Per.05/Men/1996 regarding the K3 management system.
But in reality, project implementers often ignore the requirements and regulations in OHS.
This is due to a lack of realization of how great the risks that must be borne by the workforce
and the company. As usual, the implementation of a project will definitely try to avoid
economic costs. In addition, the existence of regulations regarding OHS is not Balanced by
strict legal efforts and severe sanctions, many project implementers neglect the safety and
health of their workforce.
2
1.1 Problem Formulation:
In accordance with the above background, the following problem formulation is taken:
1. How to identify Occupational Safety and Health (OHS) in Eben Haezar School building
construction project?
2. How to provide an assessment of OHS (Occupational Safety and Health) risks that occur in
the Eben Haezar school building construction project?
3. How is the OHS (Occupational Safety and Health) risk addressed in the Eben Haezar
school building construction project?
1.2 Research Objectives:
The purpose of writing this research proposal is:
1. Identifying OHS risk hazards in the Eben Haezar school building construction project.
2. Assess every risk that occurs in the Eben Haezar school building construction project.
3. Provide risk control measures against OHS (Occupational Safety and Health) risks in the
construction project activities of the Eben Haezar school building.
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW:
2.1 Definition of Risk:
The word risk comes from Arabic which means a gift that is not expected to come from heaven.
Risk is something that leads to uncertainty over the occurrence of an event during a certain time
interval where the event causes a loss, be it a small loss that is not so significant or a large loss
that affects the survival of a company.
Risk is generally seen as something negative, such as loss, danger, and other consequences.
These losses are a form of uncertainty that should be understood and managed effectively by
the organization as part of the strategy so that it can become added value and support the
achievement of organizational goals.
2.2 Sources of Risk Causes:
According to the sources of their causes, risks can be divided as follows:
1. Internal Risks, which are risks that originate from within the company itself.
2. External Risk, which is a risk that comes from outside the company or the company's
external environment.
3
3. Financial Risk, is the risk caused by economic and financial factors, such as changes in
prices, interest rates, and currencies.
4. Operational Risks, are all risks that do not include financial risks. Operational risks are
caused by human, natural and technological factors.
2.3 Risk Management:
Risk Management is generally defined as the process of identifying, measuring and confirming
risks and developing strategies to manage those risks. In this case risk management will
involve processes, methods and techniques that help project managers maximize the
probability and consequences of positive events and minimize the probability and
consequences of adverse events.
In project management, project risk management is the art and science of identifying,
analyzing, and responding to risks over the life of a project while ensuring project objectives
are met.
2.4 Risk Management Process:
The processes involved in risk management are:
1. Risk Management Planning, planning involves deciding how to approach and plan risk
management activities for the project.
2. Risk Identification, the next stage of the risk identification process is to recognize the
types of risks that may (and generally) be faced by every business actor.
3. Qualitative Risk Analysis, qualitative analysis in management risk is the process of
assessing the impact and likelihood of identified risks. This process done by
organizing risks based on their effect on the project objectives. The measurement scale
used in the qualitative analysis qualitative analysis is Australian Standard/New Zealand
Standard (AS/NZS) 4360:2004. The measurement scale is as follows:
A : Almost certain to occur and will occur in all situations (almost certain)
B : Likely to occur in all situations (likely)
C : Moderate, should happen at some time (moderate)
D : Likely to occur at some time (unlikely)
E : Rare
4. Quantitative Risk Analysis is the process of numerically identifying the probability of
each risk and its consequences to the project objectives.
5. Risk response planning is a process carried out to minimize the level of risk faced to an
4
acceptable limit.
6. Risk Control and Monitoring, this step is the process of monitoring identified risks,
monitoring remaining risks, and identifying new risks, ensuring the implementation of the
risk management plan and evaluating its effectiveness in reducing risks.
2.5 OHS Risk Control:
Risk control is an important and decisive step in overall risk management. Risk control plays a
role in minimizing / reducing the level of risk that exists to the lowest level or to a level that
can be tolerated. Risk control is done through:
a. Elimination: this control is done by eliminating the source of the hazard.
b. Substitution: reducing the risk of a hazard by changing the process, replacing inputs with
lower risk ones.
c. Engineering: reducing risks from hazards with engineering methods on equipment,
machinery, infrastructure, environment, and/or buildings.
d. Administrative: reducing the risk of hazards by establishing procedures, rules, safety signs,
warning signs, training and selection of contractors, materials and machinery, how to limit,
store and label.
e. Personal Protective Equipment: reduce the risk of hazards by using personal protective
equipment such as safety helmets, masks, safety shoes, coveralls, safety glasses, and other
personal protective equipment in accordance with the type of work performed.
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Methods:
This research was conducted using descriptive research methods. The purpose of this study,
namely to describe a number of variables related to the problem and the unit under study
between the phenomena being tested. In this study, the technique used to collect research data
was a questionnaire as an instrument to answer a set of questions or written statements to
respondents. The implementation of this research was carried out with:
3.2 Literature Study:
The literature study was carried out by searching for literature through national journals,
previous research, the internet and books on theories related to the problems studied.
5
3.3 Data Collection Instrument (Questionnaire):
The instrument used is a checklist-shaped questionnaire. The steps for preparing the
instrument can be preceded by elaboration into variables, indicators, and their components.
All questions The formulated questionnaire was placed on the instrument sheet.
3.4 Data Collection:
This study uses two types of data, namely primary data and secondary data. Primary data is
obtained from distributing questionnaires about the assessment or perception of risk
management K3 on building construction work. While secondary data is obtained from the
management of the manager or contractor, it is also obtained from literature such as books,
electronic media or the internet and sources that support the research.
4.0 ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Risk Variables
In analyzing the OHS risk variables that occur, it is necessary to identify the uncertain
conditions that cause risk, the sources of risk and their effects. The approach taken to identify
The data that has been obtained, both the assessment questionnaire data and the interview data,
is processed through the data processing stage.
4.2 Risk Level Analysis:
From the results of data processing of the risk matrix classification, 1 variable with a very high
risk level was obtained (Very High Risk) in the upper structure work, namely material falling
from a height and falling on workers. For the high risk level (High Risk), 21 variables were
obtained and for medium risk (Medium Risk), 18 variables were obtained.
Controls that can be carried out in handling each risk, namely;
1. For the variable of material falling from a height and falling on workers with a very high
risk level, namely in an administrative way which reduces the risk of danger by making
procedures, rules, installing safety signs, warning signs, training and selection of
contractors, materials and machinery, how to limit, store and label. Using Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) to reduce the risk of harm by using personal protective
equipment such as safety helmets, masks, safety shoes, coveralls, safety glasses, and other
personal protective equipment appropriate to the type of work performed. Handling by
reducing, funding, overcoming and transferring risks to other parties such as insurance and
6
other parties directly related.
2. For 21 variables with a high risk level (High Risk), controlling OHS risks by engineering,
administrative and using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Handling by reducing,
funding, overcoming and transferring risks to other parties such as insurance and other
parties directly related.
3. For 18 items of risk variables obtained with a medium risk level, countermeasures can be
carried out by engineering, administrative and using Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE). Handling with reduce, funding, overcoming and transferring risks to other parties
such as insurance and other parties directly related.
5.0 Conclusion
CLOSING:
High risk level obtained 21 variables. Medium risk level (Medium Risk) obtained 18 variables.
Based on the results of the analysis of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) risks in the
construction of the Eben Haezar High School building, it can be concluded that of the 40
question variables:
1. One variable was categorized as having a Very High Risk level, namely the variable of
material falling from a height and falling on workers. For
2. Controls that can be carried out from the three known risk levels, namely by reducing
risks by engineering, administrative and using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
Handling by reducing, funding, mitigating and transferring risks to other parties such as
insurance and other directly related parties.
Advice:
1. Companies can pay attention to the implementation of good OSH for their workers so that
things that can pose a very high risk do not happen.
2. The company can conduct regular inspections of workers, tools and various matters
concerning Occupational Health and Safety (OHS).
3. Workers can follow any instructions or rules set by management on an ongoing basis so
that the zero accident target can be achieved.
1.1 Problem Formulation:
In accordance with the above background, the following problem formulation is taken:
1. How to identify Occupational Safety and Health (OHS) in Eben Haezar School building
7
construction project?
2. How to provide an assessment of OHS (Occupational Safety and Health) risks that occur in
the Eben Haezar school building construction project?
3. How is the OHS (Occupational Safety and Health) risk addressed in the Eben Haezar
school building construction project?
1.2 Research Objectives:
The purpose of writing this research proposal is:
1. Identifying OHS risk hazards in the Eben Haezar school building construction project.
2. Assess every risk that occurs in the Eben Haezar school building construction project.
3. Provide risk control measures against OHS (Occupational Safety and Health) risks in the
construction project activities of the Eben Haezar school building.
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW:
2.1 Definition of Risk:
The word risk comes from Arabic which means a gift that is not expected to come from heaven.
Risk is something that leads to uncertainty over the occurrence of an event during a certain time
interval where the event causes a loss, be it a small loss that is not so significant or a large loss
that affects the survival of a company.
Risk is generally seen as something negative, such as loss, danger, and other consequences.
These losses are a form of uncertainty that should be understood and managed effectively by
the organization as part of the strategy so that it can become added value and support the
achievement of organizational goals.
2.2 Sources of Risk Causes:
According to the sources of their causes, risks can be divided as follows:
1. Internal Risks, which are risks that originate from within the company itself.
2. External Risk, which is a risk that comes from outside the company or the company's
external environment.
3. Financial Risk, is the risk caused by economic and financial factors, such as changes in
prices, interest rates, and currencies.
4. Operational Risks, are all risks that do not include financial risks. Operational risks are
8
caused by human, natural and technological factors.
2.3 Risk Management:
Risk Management is generally defined as the process of identifying, measuring and confirming
risks and developing strategies to manage those risks. In this case risk management will
involve processes, methods and techniques that help project managers maximize the
probability and consequences of positive events and minimize the probability and
consequences of adverse events.
In project management, project risk management is the art and science of identifying,
analyzing, and responding to risks over the life of a project while ensuring project objectives
are met.
2.4 Risk Management Process:
The processes involved in risk management are:
1. Risk Management Planning, planning involves deciding how to approach and plan risk
management activities for the project.
2. Risk Identification, the next stage of the risk identification process is to recognize the
types of risks that may (and generally) be faced by every business actor.
3. Qualitative Risk Analysis, qualitative analysis in management risk is the process of
assessing the impact and likelihood of identified risks. This process done by
organizing risks based on their effect on the project objectives. The measurement scale
used in the qualitative analysis qualitative analysis is Australian Standard/New Zealand
Standard (AS/NZS) 4360:2004. The measurement scale is as follows:
A : Almost certain to occur and will occur in all situations (almost certain)
B : Likely to occur in all situations (likely)
C : Moderate, should happen at some time (moderate)
D : Likely to occur at some time (unlikely)
E : Rare
4. Quantitative Risk Analysis is the process of numerically identifying the probability of
each risk and its consequences to the project objectives.
5. Risk response planning is a process carried out to minimize the level of risk faced to an
acceptable limit.
6. Risk Control and Monitoring, this step is the process of monitoring identified risks,
monitoring remaining risks, and identifying new risks, ensuring the implementation of the
9
risk management plan and evaluating its effectiveness in reducing risks.
2.5 OHS Risk Control:
Risk control is an important and decisive step in overall risk management. Risk control plays a
role in minimizing / reducing the level of risk that exists to the lowest level or to a level that
can be tolerated. Risk control is done through:
1. Elimination: this control is done by eliminating the source of the hazard.
2. Substitution: reducing the risk of a hazard by changing the process, replacing inputs with
lower risk ones.
3. Engineering: reducing risks from hazards with engineering methods on equipment,
machinery, infrastructure, environment, and/or buildings.
4. Administrative: reducing the risk of hazards by establishing procedures, rules, safety signs,
warning signs, training and selection of contractors, materials and machinery, how to limit,
store and label.
5. Personal Protective Equipment: reduce the risk of hazards by using personal protective
equipment such as safety helmets, masks, safety shoes, coveralls, safety glasses, and other
personal protective equipment in accordance with the type of work performed.
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Methods:
This research was conducted using descriptive research methods. The purpose of this study,
namely to describe a number of variables related to the problem and the unit under study
between the phenomena being tested. In this study, the technique used to collect research data
was a questionnaire as an instrument to answer a set of questions or written statements to
respondents. The implementation of this research was carried out with:
3.2 Literature Study:
The literature study was carried out by searching for literature through national journals,
previous research, the internet and books on theories related to the problems studied.
3.3 Data Collection Instrument (Questionnaire):
The instrument used is a checklist-shaped questionnaire. The steps for preparing the
instrument can be preceded by elaboration into variables, indicators, and their components.
10
All questions The formulated questionnaire was placed on the instrument sheet.
3.4 Data Collection:
This study uses two types of data, namely primary data and secondary data. Primary data is
obtained from distributing questionnaires about the assessment or perception of risk
management K3 on building construction work. While secondary data is obtained from the
management of the manager or contractor, it is also obtained from literature such as books,
electronic media or the internet and sources that support the research.
4.0 ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Risk Variables
In analyzing the OHS risk variables that occur, it is necessary to identify the uncertain
conditions that cause risk, the sources of risk and their effects. The approach taken to identify
The data that has been obtained, both the assessment questionnaire data and the interview data,
is processed through the data processing stage.
4.2 Risk Level Analysis:
From the results of data processing of the risk matrix classification, 1 variable with a very high
risk level was obtained (Very High Risk) in the upper structure work, namely material falling
from a height and falling on workers. For the high risk level (High Risk), 21 variables were
obtained and for medium risk (Medium Risk), 18 variables were obtained.
Controls that can be carried out in handling each risk, namely;
1. For the variable of material falling from a height and falling on workers with a very high
risk level, namely in an administrative way which reduces the risk of danger by making
procedures, rules, installing safety signs, warning signs, training and selection of
contractors, materials and machinery, how to limit, store and label. Using Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) to reduce the risk of harm by using personal protective
equipment such as safety helmets, masks, safety shoes, coveralls, safety glasses, and other
personal protective equipment appropriate to the type of work performed. Handling by
reducing, funding, overcoming and transferring risks to other parties such as insurance and
other parties directly related.
2. For 21 variables with a high risk level (High Risk), controlling OHS risks by engineering,
administrative and using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Handling by reducing,
11
funding, overcoming and transferring risks to other parties such as insurance and other
parties directly related.
3. For 18 items of risk variables obtained with a medium risk level, countermeasures can be
carried out by engineering, administrative and using Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE). Handling with reduce, funding, overcoming and transferring risks to other parties
such as insurance and other parties directly related.
5.0 Conclusion
CLOSING:
High risk level obtained 21 variables. Medium risk level (Medium Risk) obtained 18 variables.
Based on the results of the analysis of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) risks in the
construction of the Eben Haezar High School building, it can be concluded that of the 40
question variables:
1. One variable was categorized as having a Very High Risk level, namely the variable of
material falling from a height and falling on workers. For
2. Controls that can be carried out from the three known risk levels, namely by reducing
risks by engineering, administrative and using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
Handling by reducing, funding, mitigating and transferring risks to other parties such as
insurance and other directly related parties.
Advice:
1. Companies can pay attention to the implementation of good OSH for their workers so that
things that can pose a very high risk do not happen.
2. The company can conduct regular inspections of workers, tools and various matters
concerning Occupational Health and Safety (OHS).
3. Workers can follow any instructions or rules set by management on an ongoing basis so
that the zero accident target can be achieved.
1.1 Problem Formulation:
In accordance with the above background, the following problem formulation is taken:
1. How to identify Occupational Safety and Health (OHS) in Eben Haezar School building
construction project?
2. How to provide an assessment of OHS (Occupational Safety and Health) risks that occur in
the Eben Haezar school building construction project?
12
3. How is the OHS (Occupational Safety and Health) risk addressed in the Eben Haezar
school building construction project?
1.2 Research Objectives:
The purpose of writing this research proposal is:
1. Identifying OHS risk hazards in the Eben Haezar school building construction project.
2. Assess every risk that occurs in the Eben Haezar school building construction project.
3. Provide risk control measures against OHS (Occupational Safety and Health) risks in the
construction project activities of the Eben Haezar school building.
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW:
2.1 Definition of Risk:
The word risk comes from Arabic which means a gift that is not expected to come from heaven.
Risk is something that leads to uncertainty over the occurrence of an event during a certain time
interval where the event causes a loss, be it a small loss that is not so significant or a large loss
that affects the survival of a company.
Risk is generally seen as something negative, such as loss, danger, and other consequences.
These losses are a form of uncertainty that should be understood and managed effectively by
the organization as part of the strategy so that it can become added value and support the
achievement of organizational goals.
2.2 Sources of Risk Causes:
According to the sources of their causes, risks can be divided as follows:
1. Internal Risks, which are risks that originate from within the company itself.
2. External Risk, which is a risk that comes from outside the company or the company's
external environment.
3. Financial Risk, is the risk caused by economic and financial factors, such as changes in
prices, interest rates, and currencies.
4. Operational Risks, are all risks that do not include financial risks. Operational risks are
caused by human, natural and technological factors.
2.3 Risk Management:
13
Risk Management is generally defined as the process of identifying, measuring and confirming
risks and developing strategies to manage those risks. In this case risk management will
involve processes, methods and techniques that help project managers maximize the
probability and consequences of positive events and minimize the probability and
consequences of adverse events.
In project management, project risk management is the art and science of identifying,
analyzing, and responding to risks over the life of a project while ensuring project objectives
are met.
2.4 Risk Management Process:
The processes involved in risk management are:
1. Risk Management Planning, planning involves deciding how to approach and plan risk
management activities for the project.
2. Risk Identification, the next stage of the risk identification process is to recognize the
types of risks that may (and generally) be faced by every business actor.
3. Qualitative Risk Analysis, qualitative analysis in management risk is the process of
assessing the impact and likelihood of identified risks. This process done by
organizing risks based on their effect on the project objectives. The measurement scale
used in the qualitative analysis qualitative analysis is Australian Standard/New Zealand
Standard (AS/NZS) 4360:2004. The measurement scale is as follows:
A : Almost certain to occur and will occur in all situations (almost certain)
B : Likely to occur in all situations (likely)
C : Moderate, should happen at some time (moderate)
D : Likely to occur at some time (unlikely)
E : Rare
4. Quantitative Risk Analysis is the process of numerically identifying the probability of
each risk and its consequences to the project objectives.
5. Risk response planning is a process carried out to minimize the level of risk faced to an
acceptable limit.
6. Risk Control and Monitoring, this step is the process of monitoring identified risks,
monitoring remaining risks, and identifying new risks, ensuring the implementation of the
risk management plan and evaluating its effectiveness in reducing risks.
14
2.5 OHS Risk Control:
Risk control is an important and decisive step in overall risk management. Risk control plays a
role in minimizing / reducing the level of risk that exists to the lowest level or to a level that
can be tolerated. Risk control is done through:
1. Elimination: this control is done by eliminating the source of the hazard.
2. Substitution: reducing the risk of a hazard by changing the process, replacing inputs with
lower risk ones.
3. Engineering: reducing risks from hazards with engineering methods on equipment,
machinery, infrastructure, environment, and/or buildings.
4. Administrative: reducing the risk of hazards by establishing procedures, rules, safety signs,
warning signs, training and selection of contractors, materials and machinery, how to limit,
store and label.
5. Personal Protective Equipment: reduce the risk of hazards by using personal protective
equipment such as safety helmets, masks, safety shoes, coveralls, safety glasses, and other
personal protective equipment in accordance with the type of work performed.
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Methods:
This research was conducted using descriptive research methods. The purpose of this study,
namely to describe a number of variables related to the problem and the unit under study
between the phenomena being tested. In this study, the technique used to collect research data
was a questionnaire as an instrument to answer a set of questions or written statements to
respondents. The implementation of this research was carried out with:
3.2 Literature Study:
The literature study was carried out by searching for literature through national journals,
previous research, the internet and books on theories related to the problems studied.
3.3 Data Collection Instrument (Questionnaire):
The instrument used is a checklist-shaped questionnaire. The steps for preparing the
instrument can be preceded by elaboration into variables, indicators, and their components.
All questions The formulated questionnaire was placed on the instrument sheet.
3.4 Data Collection:
15
This study uses two types of data, namely primary data and secondary data. Primary data is
obtained from distributing questionnaires about the assessment or perception of risk
management K3 on building construction work. While secondary data is obtained from the
management of the manager or contractor, it is also obtained from literature such as books,
electronic media or the internet and sources that support the research.
4.0 ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Risk Variables
In analyzing the OHS risk variables that occur, it is necessary to identify the uncertain
conditions that cause risk, the sources of risk and their effects. The approach taken to identify
The data that has been obtained, both the assessment questionnaire data and the interview data,
is processed through the data processing stage.
4.2 Risk Level Analysis:
From the results of data processing of the risk matrix classification, 1 variable with a very high
risk level was obtained (Very High Risk) in the upper structure work, namely material falling
from a height and falling on workers. For the high risk level (High Risk), 21 variables were
obtained and for medium risk (Medium Risk), 18 variables were obtained.
Controls that can be carried out in handling each risk, namely;
1. For the variable of material falling from a height and falling on workers with a very high
risk level, namely in an administrative way which reduces the risk of danger by making
procedures, rules, installing safety signs, warning signs, training and selection of
contractors, materials and machinery, how to limit, store and label. Using Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) to reduce the risk of harm by using personal protective
equipment such as safety helmets, masks, safety shoes, coveralls, safety glasses, and other
personal protective equipment appropriate to the type of work performed. Handling by
reducing, funding, overcoming and transferring risks to other parties such as insurance and
other parties directly related.
2. For 21 variables with a high risk level (High Risk), controlling OHS risks by engineering,
administrative and using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Handling by reducing,
funding, overcoming and transferring risks to other parties such as insurance and other
parties directly related.
3. For 18 items of risk variables obtained with a medium risk level, countermeasures can be
16
carried out by engineering, administrative and using Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE). Handling with reduce, funding, overcoming and transferring risks to other parties
such as insurance and other parties directly related.
5.0 Conclusion
CLOSING:
High risk level obtained 21 variables. Medium risk level (Medium Risk) obtained 18 variables.
Based on the results of the analysis of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) risks in the
construction of the Eben Haezar High School building, it can be concluded that of the 40
question variables:
1. One variable was categorized as having a Very High Risk level, namely the variable of
material falling from a height and falling on workers. For
2. Controls that can be carried out from the three known risk levels, namely by reducing
risks by engineering, administrative and using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
Handling by reducing, funding, mitigating and transferring risks to other parties such as
insurance and other directly related parties.
Advice:
1. Companies can pay attention to the implementation of good OSH for their workers so that
things that can pose a very high risk do not happen.
2. The company can conduct regular inspections of workers, tools and various matters
concerning Occupational Health and Safety (OHS).
3. Workers can follow any instructions or rules set by management on an ongoing basis so
that the zero accident target can be achieved.
1.1 Problem Formulation:
In accordance with the above background, the following problem formulation is taken:
1. How to identify Occupational Safety and Health (OHS) in Eben Haezar School building
construction project?
2. How to provide an assessment of OHS (Occupational Safety and Health) risks that occur in
the Eben Haezar school building construction project?
3. How is the OHS (Occupational Safety and Health) risk addressed in the Eben Haezar
school building construction project?
17
1.2 Research Objectives:
The purpose of writing this research proposal is:
1. Identifying OHS risk hazards in the Eben Haezar school building construction project.
2. Assess every risk that occurs in the Eben Haezar school building construction project.
3. Provide risk control measures against OHS (Occupational Safety and Health) risks in the
construction project activities of the Eben Haezar school building.
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW:
2.1 Definition of Risk:
The word risk comes from Arabic which means a gift that is not expected to come from heaven.
Risk is something that leads to uncertainty over the occurrence of an event during a certain time
interval where the event causes a loss, be it a small loss that is not so significant or a large loss
that affects the survival of a company.
Risk is generally seen as something negative, such as loss, danger, and other consequences.
These losses are a form of uncertainty that should be understood and managed effectively by
the organization as part of the strategy so that it can become added value and support the
achievement of organizational goals.
2.2 Sources of Risk Causes:
According to the sources of their causes, risks can be divided as follows:
1. Internal Risks, which are risks that originate from within the company itself.
2. External Risk, which is a risk that comes from outside the company or the company's
external environment.
3. Financial Risk, is the risk caused by economic and financial factors, such as changes in
prices, interest rates, and currencies.
4. Operational Risks, are all risks that do not include financial risks. Operational risks are
caused by human, natural and technological factors.
2.3 Risk Management:
Risk Management is generally defined as the process of identifying, measuring and confirming
risks and developing strategies to manage those risks. In this case risk management will
involve processes, methods and techniques that help project managers maximize the
18
probability and consequences of positive events and minimize the probability and
consequences of adverse events.
In project management, project risk management is the art and science of identifying,
analyzing, and responding to risks over the life of a project while ensuring project objectives
are met.
2.4 Risk Management Process:
The processes involved in risk management are:
1. Risk Management Planning, planning involves deciding how to approach and plan risk
management activities for the project.
2. Risk Identification, the next stage of the risk identification process is to recognize the
types of risks that may (and generally) be faced by every business actor.
3. Qualitative Risk Analysis, qualitative analysis in management risk is the process of
assessing the impact and likelihood of identified risks. This process done by
organizing risks based on their effect on the project objectives. The measurement scale
used in the qualitative analysis qualitative analysis is Australian Standard/New Zealand
Standard (AS/NZS) 4360:2004. The measurement scale is as follows:
A : Almost certain to occur and will occur in all situations (almost certain)
B : Likely to occur in all situations (likely)
C : Moderate, should happen at some time (moderate)
D : Likely to occur at some time (unlikely)
E : Rare
4. Quantitative Risk Analysis is the process of numerically identifying the probability of
each risk and its consequences to the project objectives.
5. Risk response planning is a process carried out to minimize the level of risk faced to an
acceptable limit.
6. Risk Control and Monitoring, this step is the process of monitoring identified risks,
monitoring remaining risks, and identifying new risks, ensuring the implementation of the
risk management plan and evaluating its effectiveness in reducing risks.
2.5 OHS Risk Control:
Risk control is an important and decisive step in overall risk management. Risk control plays a
role in minimizing / reducing the level of risk that exists to the lowest level or to a level that
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can be tolerated. Risk control is done through:
1. Elimination: this control is done by eliminating the source of the hazard.
2. Substitution: reducing the risk of a hazard by changing the process, replacing inputs with
lower risk ones.
3. Engineering: reducing risks from hazards with engineering methods on equipment,
machinery, infrastructure, environment, and/or buildings.
4. Administrative: reducing the risk of hazards by establishing procedures, rules, safety signs,
warning signs, training and selection of contractors, materials and machinery, how to limit,
store and label.
5. Personal Protective Equipment: reduce the risk of hazards by using personal protective
equipment such as safety helmets, masks, safety shoes, coveralls, safety glasses, and other
personal protective equipment in accordance with the type of work performed.
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Methods:
This research was conducted using descriptive research methods. The purpose of this study,
namely to describe a number of variables related to the problem and the unit under study
between the phenomena being tested. In this study, the technique used to collect research data
was a questionnaire as an instrument to answer a set of questions or written statements to
respondents. The implementation of this research was carried out with:
3.2 Literature Study:
The literature study was carried out by searching for literature through national journals,
previous research, the internet and books on theories related to the problems studied.
3.3 Data Collection Instrument (Questionnaire):
The instrument used is a checklist-shaped questionnaire. The steps for preparing the
instrument can be preceded by elaboration into variables, indicators, and their components.
All questions The formulated questionnaire was placed on the instrument sheet.
3.4 Data Collection:
This study uses two types of data, namely primary data and secondary data. Primary data is
obtained from distributing questionnaires about the assessment or perception of risk
management K3 on building construction work. While secondary data is obtained from the
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management of the manager or contractor, it is also obtained from literature such as books,
electronic media or the internet and sources that support the research.
4.0 ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Risk Variables
In analyzing the OHS risk variables that occur, it is necessary to identify the uncertain
conditions that cause risk, the sources of risk and their effects. The approach taken to identify
The data that has been obtained, both the assessment questionnaire data and the interview data,
is processed through the data processing stage.
4.2 Risk Level Analysis:
From the results of data processing of the risk matrix classification, 1 variable with a very high
risk level was obtained (Very High Risk) in the upper structure work, namely material falling
from a height and falling on workers. For the high risk level (High Risk), 21 variables were
obtained and for medium risk (Medium Risk), 18 variables were obtained.
Controls that can be carried out in handling each risk, namely;
1. For the variable of material falling from a height and falling on workers with a very high
risk level, namely in an administrative way which reduces the risk of danger by making
procedures, rules, installing safety signs, warning signs, training and selection of
contractors, materials and machinery, how to limit, store and label. Using Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) to reduce the risk of harm by using personal protective
equipment such as safety helmets, masks, safety shoes, coveralls, safety glasses, and other
personal protective equipment appropriate to the type of work performed. Handling by
reducing, funding, overcoming and transferring risks to other parties such as insurance and
other parties directly related.
2. For 21 variables with a high risk level (High Risk), controlling OHS risks by engineering,
administrative and using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Handling by reducing,
funding, overcoming and transferring risks to other parties such as insurance and other
parties directly related.
3. For 18 items of risk variables obtained with a medium risk level, countermeasures can be
carried out by engineering, administrative and using Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE). Handling with reduce, funding, overcoming and transferring risks to other parties
such as insurance and other parties directly related.
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5.0 Conclusion
CLOSING:
High risk level obtained 21 variables. Medium risk level (Medium Risk) obtained 18 variables.
Based on the results of the analysis of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) risks in the
construction of the Eben Haezar High School building, it can be concluded that of the 40
question variables:
1. One variable was categorized as having a Very High Risk level, namely the variable of
material falling from a height and falling on workers. For
2. Controls that can be carried out from the three known risk levels, namely by reducing
risks by engineering, administrative and using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
Handling by reducing, funding, mitigating and transferring risks to other parties such as
insurance and other directly related parties.
Advice:
1. Companies can pay attention to the implementation of good OSH for their workers so that
things that can pose a very high risk do not happen.
2. The company can conduct regular inspections of workers, tools and various matters
concerning Occupational Health and Safety (OHS).
3. Workers can follow any instructions or rules set by management on an ongoing basis so
that the zero accident target can be achieved.
