DRUG ABUSE CRIME RECIDIVISM FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SOCIAL CONTROL THEORY

DRUG ABUSE CRIME RECIDIVISM FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF

SOCIAL CONTROL THEORY

Introduction

The times are progressing and the law is developing according to the needs of living

beings. Basically, the law is intended to create conditions in the social life of the community,

both small and large, so that there is harmony, order, solid legality, etc. However, people do

not follow the rules and break the rules, such as abusing drugs. However, humans do not

follow the rules and violate the rules, such as drug abuse. The abuse of narcotics is currently

worrying and wrenching the life of the nation.

Narcotics are basically two kinds of substances. The presence of these drugs is

needed in medicine, but they are widely abused.

This substance can be classified into 2 types, namely narcotics in the narrow sense

and narcotics in the narrow sense and narcotics in the broad sense. In the narrow sense are

all substances or materials that are natural, namely all medicinal substances such as opiates,

cocaine, and marijuana. In a broad sense are natural and synthetic (artificial), namely all

medicinal materials derived from:

 Papaver somniferum (opium, opium, morpin, heroin, etc.);

 Eryth Roxylon Coca (cocaine);

 Cannabis sativa (marijuana);

 Tranquilizers;

 Group of stimulant drugs;

 A class of delusion-inducing drugs.

The progress of a nation in the future can be seen from the condition of the younger

generation today. They will be the heirs of the older generation and will color the earth of

United States. If today's young generation is a quality generation, it is certain that they will

grow into good citizens and raise the degree of the future. If the youth of today are reliable

human resources, then there is much hope that they will grow up to be wise leaders of the

country. On the other hand, if today's young generation is a coplo generation, then it is

difficult to maintain its own life, let alone become the successor to the struggle of its parents.

Every day, their bodies are getting thinner and thinner due to disease and the effects of

drugs. Other diseases join in to make a prolonged complication. To stay alive, he needs the

help of others.

Narcotics abuse is a very dangerous thing, because in addition it will bring influence

to the personal self of the user where he will be addicted and his life will depend on narcotic

substances, which if not prevented (treated), the type of narcotics that will be used is getting

stronger and the dose is getting bigger, so that for him it will get worse. The user will do

anything to fulfill, if it happens that the user has enough money, it may not bring other

effects outside his person and even the user can not be caught (still be able to hide) but if

drug addicts do not have enough money to fulfill their addiction continuously, the

consequences will be widespread, not only for themselves but also for society, because users

who at the time of addiction cannot meet their needs from their own money or goods, they

will try in various ways, which are not impossible to commit acts that include crime.

The issue of narcotics abuse is increasing with the smuggling, trafficking and illicit

trade, abuse and is followed up with arrests, detention of abusers and drug dealers. Efforts to

overcome the problem of narcotics are not sufficient in one way but must be carried out with

a series of continuous actions from various elements, both from government and non-

government institutions. The series of actions includes efforts that are preventive, repressive

and rehabilitative. Rehabilitation is one of the government's efforts in tackling drug abuse.

Implementation of rehabilitation is the realization of a rule, this is very important

because with an implementation it can be seen whether a rule has actually been implemented

or not. Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning narcotics has provided different treatment for

drug abusers, before this law came into force there was no different treatment between users,

dealers, dealers or producers of narcotics. Narcotics users or addicts on the one hand are

perpetrators of criminal acts, but on the other hand are victims.

The reality shows that sentencing by judges in drug cases is still not effectively

implemented. The vast majority of drug abusers are not sentenced to Even though the

provisions of the Law guarantee the regulation of rehabilitation efforts, both medical

rehabilitation and social rehabilitation for narcotics abusers and addicts. In the Narcotics

Law, the legal provisions governing the rehabilitation of drug addicts are regulated in Article

54, Article 56, Article 103, and associated with Article 127 of the Narcotics Law. The

interesting thing in the Narcotics Law is found in Article 103 where the judge's authority to

impose a sentence/sanction for someone who is proven to be a narcotics addict to undergo

rehabilitation.

Recidivism in general understanding is understood as a broad term that refers to the

relapse of criminal behavior, including due to a rearrest, reconviction, and reimprisonment.7

Recidivism or repetition of narcotics crimes is regulated in Article 144 paragraph (1) of Law

Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics which states that every person who commits a

repetition of narcotics crimes as regulated in Articles 111 through 129, the maximum

penalty is increased by 1/3 (one third). Recidivism usually occurs because there is no

deterrent effect obtained by the perpetrator. Recidive in the Criminal Code is not regulated

generally in the "General Rules" of Book I but is regulated specifically for a certain group of

criminal offenses, both in the form of crimes in Book II and offenses in Book III. In

addition, the KUHP also requires a certain period of recidivism. Thus, the KUHP adheres to

the Special Recidive system, meaning: "the aggravation of punishment is only imposed on

the repetition of certain types of criminal offenses (crimes/offenses) and which are

committed within a certain period of time.

In general, criminology aims to study crime from various aspects. In addition,

criminology aims to develop a unity of general and detailed basics and other types of

knowledge about the legal process, crime and reactions to crime. One of the concrete

objectives is to provide input for law enforcement officials in the process of law

enforcement and prevention of non-penal crimes, especially crime Police.9 Drug abuse is a

crime, which criminologically is categorized as a crime without victim, this crime is not

defined as a crime that does not cause victims but has the meaning that the victim of this

crime is himself. In other words, the user is also the victim of the crime.

Theoretical Study

Criminology is a science that studies crime from various aspects; which was born as

a science in the 19th century. The name criminology was first proposed by P. Topinord

(1830-1911), a French anthropologist. Criminology consists of two syllables, namely the

word crime which means crime and logos which means science, so criminology can mean

the science of crime. The definition included in "criminology" shows that this science is not

intended to study how to commit crimes, but "crime" is studied in order to overcome it. In

the opinion of W.A. Bonger, criminology is a science that aims to investigate the widest

possible symptoms of crime.

Recidivism is a term in law for the type of crime that cannot be stopped but can only

be prevented, such as a type of disease that cannot be treated and can only be prevented.12

According to Sutanti, the definition of recidivism which is referred to by the Criminal Code

as "repeated crimes / repetition of criminal acts" is regulated scattered in book II and book

III of the Criminal Code.13 Recidivism is the behavior of a person who repeats a criminal act

after being sentenced by a judge's decision that has permanent legal force because of a

criminal act that has been committed earlier. A person who often commits criminal acts, and

because of his actions has been sentenced to punishment and even more often sentenced to

punishment, is called a recidivist.

The definition of crime as an element of criminality sociologically has 2 elements,

namely: Crime is an act that is economically detrimental and psychologically detrimental

and hurts the moral feelings of a group of people, where these people have the right to give

birth to reproach. Thus, the notion of criminality is all kinds of economically and

psychologically harmful actions and deeds that violate the laws of the State of United States

as well as social and religious norms.

One of the focuses of the government in eradicating and following up on criminal

acts is narcotics. In Greek, narcotics means "narke" which means being drugged and not

feeling anything.14 Hariyono explained that narcotics comes from the word "narcissus"

which means a type of flowering plant that can make other people faint. As explained in

Law number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics in article 1 paragraph 1 explains that narcotics

are drugs even those derived from chemical substances or plants, both semi-synthetic and

synthetic. Can change or eliminate or reduce pain and can trigger excessive addiction. The

meaning of the name Narkoba itself is narcotics, psychotropic substances, and other

addictive materials.

Research Methods

The problem approach used by the author in this research is an empirical juridical

approach method supported by a Normative juridical approach. The data sources used in this

research are taken from primary data and secondary data. Primary data is the main data

obtained directly from the research subject and/or research location, namely at the Metro

Police by conducting interviews with relevant and authorized sources.

Secondary data consists of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Primary

legal materials: Law Number 1 of 1946 jo Law Number 73 of 1958 concerning the

Enactment of the Criminal Code (KUHP), Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics.

Secondary legal materials are sourced from legal materials that complement primary legal

materials such as theories of experts, reports, draft legislation (Criminal Code Bill), Metro

District Court Decision Number 146/Pid.Sus/2022/PN Met, Government Regulation

Number 44 of 2010 concerning the Implementation of Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning

Narcotics and other written sources related to the problem. Tertiary legal materials are

materials sourced from various kinds of references, such as books or legal literature, legal

dictionaries and other sources derived from online media.

The resource persons in this research are Investigator of Satresnarkoba Polres Metro,

Investigator of National Narcotics Agency Metro City, Lecturer of Criminal Law Section of

Faculty of Law Unila, Recidivist of Narcotics Abuser in Detention House of Polres Metro.

Data collection procedures: primary data collection techniques and secondary data collection

techniques. Primary data is obtained through interviews with research subjects. Secondary

data is collected by reviewing through literature studies such as laws and regulations, books

or literature, and journals. The methods used in this data processing procedure are data

selection, data classification, and data systematization.

Data analysis in this study used qualitative data analysis. This method is done by

describing in the form of explanations and descriptions of sentences that are easy to read and

understand to be interpreted and conclusions drawn to answer research problems.

Results And Discussion

Factors Causing Recidivist Offenders of Drug Abuse Crimes

Technically, the term crime is only used to indicate acts that are declared by law as

criminal acts, but for criminology there must be freedom to expand its study beyond the

limits of the juridical definition, not only to be used as a guide in exploring what is seen as a

crime.101 Crime is defined as any violation of acts prohibited by criminal law, criminals are

everyone who commits a crime. Crime is seen as the result of an individual's free choice in

assessing the costs and benefits of committing a crime. Therefore, the rational response

given by society to this is to increase the losses to be paid and decrease the benefits obtained

from crime so that people do not choose to commit crimes. In this regard, the task of

criminology is to create patterns and test punishment systems that can minimize the

occurrence of crime.

Crime is defined as any violation of an act prohibited by criminal law, a criminal is

any person who commits a crime. Crime is seen as the result of the free choice of individuals

in assessing the profit and loss of committing a crime. Therefore, the rational response given

by society to this is to increase the losses to be paid and decrease the benefits obtained from

crime so that people do not choose to commit crimes to commit crimes. In this relationship,

the task of criminology is to create patterns and test punishment systems that can minimize

crime.16 Narcotics according to Article 1 Paragraph (1) of Law Number 35 of 2009

concerning Narcotics are substances or drugs derived from plants or non-plants, both

synthetic and semisynthetic which can cause decreased and changes in consciousness, loss

of taste, reduce to eliminate pain and can cause dependence. It can be said that, on the one

hand narcotics are drugs or materials that are useful in the fields of medicine, health services

and the development of science. But on the other hand, it can cause dependence which is

very detrimental if used without strict and careful control and supervision. In this case, when

viewed from the juridical aspect, the existence of narcotics is legal. The Narcotics Law only

prohibits the use of narcotics not in accordance with the provisions of the Law. This

situation in its empirical order results in narcotics often being misused not for the sake of

interest and science but as a promising business in collecting coffers of money and growing

rapidly where this activity has an impact on the physical and psychological mental damage

of all levels of society. In terms of age, narcotics are not only enjoyed by the middle-aged

and old age groups. The spread of narcotics is no longer limited to the big cities but has been

into small towns and into sub-districts and even villages.

Frustration is also an important element in the internal factors of recidivism.

Individuals who tend to get frustrated quickly may be more prone to impulsive or aggressive

reactions, which can lead them down the path of criminal behavior. In addition, one's

personal character, which includes values, beliefs, and internal norms, can play a significant

role in shaping one's own criminal behavior.

It is important to remember that the internal factors of recidivism are complex and

often interrelated. Through a deeper understanding of these factors, efforts can be made to

develop more effective prevention and rehabilitation strategies to reduce the risk of

recidivism and promote positive social reintegration for offenders.

In addition to internal factors, there are also external factors that cause a person to

repeat the crime of drug abuse itself, including:

 Environmental and Social Factors

Based on the results of the interview with Kresna Adi Prakasa, said that

environmental factors play a crucial role as one of the triggers for drug abuse recidivism.

These environmental factors include a number of dimensions which, when combined, can

contribute significantly to a person's tendency to re-engage in drug abuse behavior. In

addition, the availability of drugs in the surrounding environment has a major impact. An

active black market or drug abuse network can be a powerful attraction, increasing the

likelihood of a person re-engaging in substance use.

A poor social environment refers to a social context in which individuals interact on

a daily basis. In the context of drug abuse recidivism, this environment may include

communities or social groups where norms support or even sustain drug abuse behavior.

Peers, family, or coworkers who engage in these activities may create an atmosphere where

such actions are taken for granted or even considered a form of social acceptance.

The author argues that the wider the social circle, the greater the temptation to re-

engage in drug abuse. The wider the social network, the greater the exposure to norms that

may support drug abuse. Individuals may feel attracted or encouraged to reoffend because it

is perceived as a form of integration or even as a way to maintain a position in the wider

social environment. With a deeper understanding of the role of poor social environments and

how wider social circles can reinforce temptation, prevention and rehabilitation efforts need

to focus on improving the social environment.

 Economic Factors

Difficulties in gaining access to economic resources, such as education and skills

training, can be a barrier to creating positive economic opportunities. Without adequate

support or training, individuals may be inclined to return to familiar pathways, including

drug abuse. In addition, a low or unstable socioeconomic environment can be a trigger for

recidivism. Factors such as poverty, lack of stable housing, and lack of access to health

services can lead to recidivism can increase the risk of individuals re-engaging in drug abuse

behavior.

The author argues that economic factors play an important role in drug abuse

recidivism. This is due to the urgency of a person's economic situation that makes the

individual commit acts that are prohibited by law. In this context, economic distress can

influence an individual's decision to break the law, regardless of the consequences that may

arise. In an effort to fulfill daily economic needs or create a temporary sense of well-being,

individuals can fall back into a cycle of recidivism, where the criminal act becomes a pattern

that is difficult to change.

Additionally, it is important to note that these economic pressures may shape patterns

of behavior related to drug abuse. Individuals may seek escape from the stress and burdens

of life by using drugs as a form of coping. Economic factors, therefore, are not only a direct

cause but may also contribute to the development of dependence and repeated engagement

in drug abuse behavior.

 Information and Communication Technology Factors

Based on the results of the interview with Kresna Adi Prakasa, he said that currently

narcotics can be purchased through social media platforms, namely Instagram. Furthermore,

the development of information technology has provided easier and faster access to drug-

related information. Individuals who have a history of abuse can easily obtain information

about types of narcotics, how to use, and how to avoid legal detection. This can be a

precipitating factor that reinforces abusive behavior, especially if the individual has

unrestricted access to such information sources through digital devices and the internet. In

addition, digital communication platforms can play a role in facilitating drug transactions.

Communication through messaging apps and social media can be used to organize the

purchase or sale of drugs in a more confidential manner. This factor creates an environment

where individuals can communicate and transact without being detected by authorities,

increasing the potential for re-engagement in the drug trade. Information technology can

also play a role in building supportive communities or social networks drug abuse. Through

online platforms, individuals can connect with like-minded groups or communities, creating

an environment where drug-related norms and behaviors are accepted or even rewarded.

This can put additional pressure on individuals trying to avoid re-engagement.

The author argues that the role of information and communication technology (ICT)

factors in drug abuse recidivism is a challenge that arises along with technological advances.

While ICT brings great benefits in increasing connectivity and access to information, its

negative impact on drug abuse cannot be ignored. Easy access to drug-related information

and the ability to communicate confidentially through digital platforms create an enabling

environment for drug trafficking and consumption.

 Family Factors

The role of the family in shaping values and behavioral norms is a key factor.

Families that lack support or have unhealthy communication patterns can create an

environment where a true understanding of the consequences of drug abuse is lacking. Lack

of restrictions or supervision from the family can allow individuals to re-engage in abusive

behavior without a sense of responsibility.

In addition, the level of emotional support from the family plays an important role.

Families that do not provide adequate support or do not provide a positive social network

may increase an individual's risk of re-engaging in harmful associations, which are often

triggers for drug abuse. An in-depth understanding of the role of family factors in drug abuse

is key to designing effective prevention and rehabilitation strategies. This involves building

supportive families and providing education about the consequences of drug abuse, as well

as providing the necessary economic and emotional resources to reduce the risk of

recidivism.

The author argues that the role of family factors as a cause of drug abuse recidivism

strongly emphasizes the importance of the family's role in shaping the family foundation of

an individual's values and behaviors. Families play a central role in providing individuals

with a proper understanding of the consequences of drug abuse. A family that provides

emotional support, healthy communication, and good supervision can be an effective shield

to prevent individuals from re-engaging in harmful behavior.

The process of examining the factors that cause criminal acts committed by narcotics

recidivists, the author will explain with social control theory which is the main theory and

also based on data from the research location studied by the author. Social control theory

seeks to answer why someone commits a crime, questioning why not everyone breaks the

law or why people obey the law. If it is related to drug crimes committed by drug abuse

crime recidivists, it is clear that someone has decided to choose whether he will commit drug

crimes or choose to obey the rules. When a person chooses to commit a drug crime, there is

already a causal influence on why he decides to make that choice.

Efforts to Counter Recidivism for Drug Abuse Crimes

Efforts or policies to prevent and control crime belong to the field of criminal policy.

This criminal policy is also inseparable from a broader policy, namely social policy, which

consists of policies or efforts for social welfare (social-welfare policy) and policies and

efforts for the protection of society (social-defense policy). Seen in a broad sense, criminal

law policy can cover the scope of policies in the field of material criminal law, in the field of

formal criminal law and in the field of criminal law implementation. Crime prevention can

be done by using non-penal means and penal means. Non-penal efforts are crime prevention

efforts that are preventive in nature, namely efforts to prevent the possibility of crime carried

out before a crime occurs. However, if prevention is interpreted broadly, repressive

measures in the form of punishment of criminals can be included so that the person

concerned and the community in general do not commit criminal acts.

Penal efforts are crime prevention efforts that are repressive (action) for lawbreakers

or criminals. So, this effort is carried out after the crime occurs by giving punishment to the

perpetrator of the crime. Criminal law countermeasures through penal means in regulating

society through legislation are essentially a form of policy. Efforts to overcome crime with

criminal law (penal means) focus more on efforts that are "repressive" or called penindsan /

suppression, after a crime or no crime occurs. In addition, in essence, penal means are part

of law enforcement efforts, therefore criminal law policy is part of law enforcement policy.

Based on data provided by Sastiawan Nunyai, there are 20 drug abuse recidivist

crimes that have occurred in Metro City.24 Crime prevention efforts, especially drug abuse

crimes, can be carried out in three ways, namely pre-emtif efforts (planning), preventive

efforts (prevention), and repressive efforts (prosecution).

 Pre-Emptive Efforts (planning)

Pre-emptive efforts here are initial efforts made by the police to prevent criminal

acts. The efforts made in pre-emptive crime prevention are to instill good values/norms so

that these norms are internalized in a person. Even though there is an opportunity to commit

an offense / crime but there is no intention to do so, there will be no crime. So in this effort

the intention factor is lost even though there is an opportunity.

Based on the results of the interview with Emilia Susanti, said that pre-emotive

efforts actually influence the mindset of the community so as not to commit a crime, because

usually drug abusers are multi-age, multi-education, and multi-strata which are not only

teenagers or children who become perpetrators. The role of the community is also expected

to function optimally starting from family resilience, community resilience, and village

resilience. All parties in the environment starting from the Kelurahan, RW, to RT level must

have the same vision of how to echo or socialize to their smallest environment to stay away

from drugs. This can be done by holding positive sporting events, internalizing anti-drug

education in education, and agencies must be aware by holding anti-narcotics activities. The

cooperation of all parties is needed in making pre-emptive efforts against narcotics abuse,

for example by installing billboards and templates related to posters in strategic places.

 Preventive Efforts (prevention)

Preventive efforts are a follow-up to Pre-Emptive efforts which are still at the level

of prevention before crime occurs. In preventive efforts, the emphasis is on eliminating

opportunities to commit crimes. Preventive efforts (prevention) are intended as an effort to

make positive changes to the possibility of disturbances in society, so as to create legal

stability. So in preventive efforts the opportunity is closed.

This preventive action is a better effort than efforts after the occurrence of a criminal

offense. Preventing crime is better than trying to educate criminals to be better. Better in the

sense that it is easier, cheaper, and achieves the desired goal. In fact, one of the principles in

criminology is to try to improve or educate criminals so that they do not repeat their crimes.

However, the ways of correcting or educating criminals need to be considered and directed

so that there is no recidivism.

After the counseling stage, the next step in preventive efforts is rehabilitation.

Rehabilitation is divided into two main forms voluntary rehabilitation and compulsory

rehabilitation following law enforcement action. In this case, compulsory recidivists,

namely those who are re-engaged in drug abuse and arrested by law enforcement, have the

opportunity to undergo rehabilitation as an alternative to imprisonment, in accordance with

the provisions of Law Number 35/2009 on Narcotics.

Prevention strategies for this group involve a variety of methods, including

counseling, soft approaches, and education aimed at providing understanding on the risks

and negative impacts of drug abuse. These efforts may include special programs in schools

and colleges, as well as cooperation between educational institutions, government, and law

enforcement agencies. The aim is to provide accurate and thorough information to the

younger generation so that they can make wise decisions and avoid getting involved in drug

abuse. These prevention efforts may also involve the establishment of a supportive

environment, where families, schools, and communities jointly work to create norms that

prohibit drug abuse. Therefore, prevention efforts towards young people aim to build

awareness, provide knowledge, and create social support that can help prevent them from

falling into the dangers of drug abuse.

The author argues that preventive efforts against drug abuse recidivists have a very

important role in facing this complex challenge. Recidivists, who re-engage in drug abuse

after serving a previous sentence or rehabilitation, are a group that requires special attention.

Close cooperation between rehabilitation agencies, the National Narcotics Agency (BNN),

and law enforcement agencies is key to successfully implementing preventive measures

against recidivists. Effective information exchange between various parties can assist in

post-rehabilitation monitoring and guidance.

 Repressive Measures

It is a program aimed at taking legal action against drug producers, dealers, dealers

and users. Repressive efforts are a conceptual crime prevention effort that is taken after the

crime has occurred. Countermeasures with repressive efforts are intended to take action

against the perpetrators of crime in accordance with their actions and correct them so that

they realize that the actions they have committed are unlawful and detrimental to society, so

they will not repeat them and others will also not do so considering the sanctions they will

bear are very heavy.

This repressive effort includes the arrest of drug users. This step is taken to stop drug

consumption activities and provide a deterrent effect to individuals involved in abusive

behavior. Furthermore, drug couriers who are in charge of smuggling and distributing drugs

are also targeted for arrest. The arrest of couriers aims to break the distribution chain and

stop drug trafficking at the distribution level. Drug dealers, who are involved in distributing

drugs to end-users, are also targeted. The arrest of dealers aims to break the distribution

chain and reduce the access of drugs to the consumer level. Finally, arrests of drug dealers

aim to stop the supply of narcotics from the main source.

The author argues that the repressive approach has the potential to provide a

deterrent effect to perpetrators, showing that violations of the law will not be left without

consequences. These measures can also provide a sense of security to the community by

reducing drug trafficking in their neighborhoods. The arrest of perpetrators, especially at the

level of drug distributors and dealers, is a necessary step to stop the flow of drug supply and

damage the organizational structure involved so as to reduce the recidivism rate of drug

abuse.

Based on the explanation above, there are 3 efforts that can be made, namely pre-

emtif efforts, preventive efforts, and repressive efforts. Pre-emptive efforts put forward

procedures on how to tackle drug abuse crimes by emphasizing public awareness of the

dangers of narcotics from the smallest to the largest scope and influencing the mindset of the

community so as not to commit a crime. This effort can also be done such as putting up

posters or billboards in places that can be used to prevent drug abuse strategic. However,

this effort cannot be made against this drug abuse recidivist offender. The mindset of the

perpetrator cannot be changed and has committed unlawful acts in the form of drug abuse.

The second effort is preventive efforts, this effort can be done to prevent drug abuse

crimes. This preventive effort is a better effort than the effort after the occurrence of a

criminal offense. This effort cannot be made against this recidivist perpetrator of narcotics

abuse, because the perpetrator has committed a criminal act of narcotics abuse. The

perpetrator has also been arrested when he has committed narcotics abuse.

The third effort is repressive efforts, this repressive effort is one of the conceptual

crime prevention efforts taken after the crime. This effort is the most prominent of the two

previous efforts, by emphasizing the arrest of drug abusers and providing aggravation of

punishment in accordance with the provisions contained in Article 144 of Law Number 35

Year 009 concerning Narcotics.

Conclusions

Factors that cause recidivism in drug abuse crimes are internal factors and external

factors. Internal factors include individual factors, which are influenced by various factors.

These consist of uncontrollable desire, behavior, eagerness to be praised, easy frustration,

and character itself. Individual behavior also plays an important role in the internal factors of

recidivism. External factors that cause a person to repeat drug abuse crimes include

environmental and social factors, economic factors, information and communication

technology factors, and family factors.

Efforts to overcome drug abuse recidivism that can be done to overcome these

crimes are through pre-emtif efforts, preventive efforts, and repressive efforts. Pre-emptive

efforts themselves emphasize instilling good values and norms so that they are internalized

into a person, as well as designing a prevention process for drug abuse. Furthermore,

preventive efforts are a follow-up to pre-emtif efforts which are still at the level of

prevention before the crime occurs, preventive efforts emphasize more on the

implementation of active prevention. The last effort, namely repressive efforts, is carried out

by emphasizing the implementation of law enforcement by law enforcement officials in

accordance with applicable laws and regulations.

Families should pay more attention to the attitudes and social environment of their

relatives, as well as maintaining good and harmonious relationships within the family so as

to minimize the recurrence of drug abuse crimes. Narcotics abuse. Community participation

is expected to play an active role and provide full support for the implementation of

countermeasures carried out by the Metro Police Satresnarkoba and the Metro City National

Narcotics Agency. This support can be done by reporting to the authorities if they know of

any cases of drug abuse in their neighborhood.