● In 1953 Watson and Crick, Wikens discover the double helix and win the nobel peace
power
○ People MOST IMPORTANT PART
○ Computer Competency
○ Attitude
○ Critical thinking
○ Best practice
● Leader- buy the newest technology and maybe an edge
● Follower- wait to see what works and lose the edge
● Business computing hardware - tangible and physical aspects of computing hardware
○ Mainframe
○ Midrange
○ Microcomputer
■ Laptops
■ Desktops
■ Handheld
● System software- among other things system software makes hardware work. Collection
of computer programs that accomplish a specific task.
● Operating system (platforms) - collection of computer programs that work together to
manage hardware and software and make sure the computer is working correctly
○ File management
○ Multi tasking
○ Memory management
○ Disk management
● Common Business Operating systems
○ Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Linux (free), Unix
○ Mexico is the country that uses Linux the most
● Application software- performs particular tasks like creating budget, resume, professional
presentation
● Common application software
○ Email
○ Word Processor (word)
○ Spreadsheet (excel)
○ Database (Access)
○ Presentation
○ Project management software
● Business Computing Software
○ 4 basic software are spreadsheet,word processor, database, and presentation
software
○ The most needed is a spreadsheet for business
○ Database makes you most money
● Moore’s law says every 2 years computer processing doubles
● Business Information System
● Productivity suites- collection of business computer application of associated
functionality but share common graphical user interface
● Allows smooth data exchange
● Most important aspect of earning application software : Attitude
● Sharing data between software suites
○ Cut and paste (static)nformat
○ Linking (dynamic means it upgrades) and embedding (static)
● System/Operating
●What part of the computer coordinates memory? - Operating system
●What part of a computer is responsible for reading and writing data? - Operating
system
●How is information represented on a monitor? GUI
●Excel workbooks contain multiple spreadsheets
●4 ways to reference a cell
○Relative reference A1
■Direction from a certain spot
○Mixed reference $A1
■Direction from a mixed set of spot
○Absolute reference $A$1
■An address that works wherever
○Named reference- right there
●Which reference to use?
○Use appropriate reference, highlight reference, f4 moves from a1 to $a1,
etc. use autofill.
○$ freezes something
●Application software is something you have to turn on
○Spreadsheet,database,presentation
●System software requires NO human interaction
●DON'T UNDERESTIMATE SYSTEM SOFTWARE; it can do whatever you just need
to learn how to.
●End users attitude is important; knowing an application software can do a
specific task is paramount in learning.
●Benefits of package/ software suite is sharing data
○3-5 business applications are Spreadsheet, database, word processor,
presentation, project management
●Applications that work alone or together (GUI)
●Word processing software
○Creating documents, updating documents, editing documents, saved to
secondary memory
○Doc.x is the file extension on microsoft word
○Portable document form = PDF which is adobe acrobat file extension
○Adobe acrobat is platform neutral, works on any operating system
●Spreadsheets
○Profit-loss statement is most important; financial calculations
○Provide what if scenarios
○Separated by rows and columns which create a cell
●Database software (DBMS)
○Most commonly used in business
○Well thought out collection of files(table) most important
○Corasis of records (rows) separated by fields (columns)
○Most important thing to do is querying; used in marketing
○Often called database management system
●Presentation software
○**It got popular because people learn better with presentations
○Displays info, often in a slide show, don’t read word for word!!
●Imagine editing software like photoshop uses
○Raster graphics
○Vector graphics
●Most important part of a website is CONTENT
●Microsoft office sharepoint designer
○Intranet
○Firewall is what makes it private
●ERP enterprise resource planning systems
○Incorporates all data and processes of a business into one integrated
system
○Single database
○SAP AG, Peoplesoft
●Collaborative Application Software
○Conversational interaction, digital interaction, webinar, skype
●3 Businesses don't work
○Expand too quickly, don’t know about business, don’t know how to use
computer
●Linking the customer and transaction tables is called what?
●One-to-many relationship
●What technology has made presentation software more popular?
●Business Intelligence
●Not knowing excel = business illeracity
●Spreadsheets
○Heart of accounting
○It made PCs integral part of business workplace
●Excel is the market leader today
●Financial statements are presented on spreadsheets
●Financial information on companies
○EDGAR: electronic data gathering analysis repory
●Financial statements show how a company is doing; cash flow, balance sheet,
income
●Excel facilitates answering questions by automatically recalculating everything
that depends on x when you change the value of x
●Chosing and buying technology
○You may not know how it works; it seems to work every time.
●Main body of a computer is called SYSTEM UNIT
●Contains the motherboard
●Contains assorted computer components
○Power supply, cooling fan, disk drive, solid state drive, cloud drive
○primary memory, secondary memory
○Expansion cards/ slots
●The motherboard aka system board, logic board or circuit board
●The microprocessor “brain” of the computer , central processing unit (CPU)
●MEASURED IN CLOCK RATE
●How many bytes in a____ ALWAYS 1024
●Bus lines
○Pathways that transfer data and power, controlled by software to connect
to devices. Measured in width
●Binary system- 2 parts
●Computer ; 1 or 0 which are bits
●8 bits in a yte
●Most microcomputers use american standard code for information intercharge
(ASCII)
●The chassis is the box
●Many chips encased in one chip working together is RISC chip
●Which type of memory is primary storage - RAM
●Hard drive is secondary memory
●Mainframes use epsidec
●Firmware is burned onto a chip
Boolean functions
● values of true or false no quotation marks
●If it has 1 false, they are all false
Look up functions
●Four arguments seperated by commas
●=VLookup or HLOOKIP(
●The column or row containing the value you return
How you match
●False- need exact match in column
●True - is sorted in ascending order and you find the closest match that is not
greater than
Understanding operating systems
●Configures the computer
Operation system is a collection of system software
●Memory management/ storage - operating system coordinates
Virtual Memory: used to coordinate, track and allocate cpu cache, RAM, and disk
storage
Tearing up of files - swap files
Microsoft disk operating system
Defragmentation organizes harddrive by moving files. It makes the hard drive more
efficient
Consider average if
●In the first range its value to apply the condition to
●the second is the one you want to average
Day 1 is january 1/1900 12:00 am
To be monetized on youtube you need at least 1,000 subscribers
Get 10,000 views a year
4,000 watch hours a year
Disadvantage : rebuying server after 3 years, employees, it team for restoral
Mass storage is storage that is offset. No employees. Restoral is slow. Need a lot of
internet
Which city in this country has most mass storage? Phoenix
Which rock band blew up napster? Metallica
Music industry bot is allowed to go into your cloud
Secondary storage - hard drive, clouddrive, optical disk non volatile, retains info even
when off
RAM is volatile which means it needs power to run
Computers are binary, made up of 2 parts which are positive or negative charges
Input devices(keyboard)- They translate into machine code
●On a cd a hole is a pit, non hole is land
●Table of contents on a harddrive is FAT
●Absolute slowest and cheapest is magnetic tape
●Raid redundant array of independent disks
●Every file has a file modification date to see when it was edited
●Track is circe that goes around, sector is pizza slice, tract is more than one pizza.
●Viruses protect commerce
●Viruses begin with an event
●Global warming has diffusion, too much CO2 is bad and it heats up the planet
●Which city hosted best summer olympics? Beijing
●EPEAT was started by EPA, run by the green electronics council, helps large
institutions purchase, select, and compare computing products
●Things depreciate so you pay less taxes
What are the advantages of network? - economic and collaboration
Computer network has all 4, NIC, Protocol, TCP/IP, Cables, Hub
Looking at network topology from above is star
The internet is a client/server
You don't visit a website, it visits you
Standard language of the web is HTML, incredibly weak language, could be read by any
possible computer
32 bit number is an IP address
Everywhere censors the worldwide web
Websites- important aspects of websites are content, interactivity design,
No browser is BEST
Browser features
●Bookmarks
●Caching (history files)
●Cookies
●Javascript
●Security
●Pop up block
Only major league baseball has a monopoly
Google is becoming a monopoly and it will be taken down
Making websites has gotten cheaper
Computer security is concerned with risk management
How often a hacker can get into a system is 50% of the time
Mal means malicious ware
Intranet key aspect: privacy
Proxy server is a server that stands guard, firewall
Malware threats- viruses , experimental malware
Melissa virus word document, initial script that takes excel files
Trojan horses seem harmless and wait for a computer event to spread and unleash
other malware
Malware- spyware is installed covertly and secretly
Adware is more irritating then malicious and usually installed covertly and automatically
displays or downloads
#1 spam target is Arizona state university
How often does spamming have to work to be effective? Once
Denial of service attack is the worst virus. Gives computer a heart attack every 8th of a
second
Reverse Phishing- malicious software covertly records keystrokes (keylogging)
150% phishing in internet cafes
Internet fraud- a broad term that refers to any fraudulent activity that occurs in an online
setting
Purchase scam happens when you buy recreational vehicles
Privacy- ability of an individual to keep their personal info out of public view
Computer privacy- expectation of remaining anonymous while using computer system n
network
Identity theft - crime concerning the unlawful practice of assuming another individual’s
identity.
Shoulder surfing looking over to get passwords, pins
Scam - acroynm created by US to guard personal info
Stingy about giving personal info
Check your financial info on regular basis
Asl for credit report (lasts 7 Years)
Maintain careful records
TCP- transaction
7%
An actual, a variance
How to predict the future - forecast
Key stoning is doubling the orice and add a dollar
Not expendable - illiquid
ARFID- radio frequence id tag
2 kind of IT professions
IT consultants
Been trained to have business knowledge, business ad
**Know the business. Common axiom for IT professionals
What helps you is your value add
Highest paid job is chief information officer (CIO)
Head application developers are in charge in app design and software development
tools.
SDLC is an acronym for System development life cycle, systematic approach
UML-Blueprint for a program unified model language ***look up steps for final
RFP- request for proposal
Outsourcing- not good or bad.
*A system in place is a legacy system
The hardest thing to do in IT is replacing an information system
Application architects deal with Middleware which connects applications architect
designs and programming infrastructure help and application work correctly and as
designed
**Most important file in a database is a data table.
Rows are records
Columns are fields
Database- DBMS database management systems
Without exception, are always distributed, meaning they live on a network
ERD-entity relationship diagram
Schema- database without data, model of database
Validity check
SQL-structured query language most widely used standard computer language for
relational databases that allows a programmer to manipulate and query data
REO- real estate owned
Book value- what the bank thinks its worth
Whos at fault at the bank? Mccrathy fault
Alot of stuff in the cloud doesn’t work well because the internet is slow
A cloud is a hard drive that exists on another computer connected by the internet, off
site
Disadvantage- doesn’t mean you can use all files on different computers
Cloud drives used to be called idrives, short for internet drive
Wireless networks are easier to hack
Cloud service providers
Google, microsoft, amazon, icloud, egnyte, open drive, drop box
TOS- terms of service, before they are willing to let you port your data and info to their
cloud
STaaS- storage as a service, renting space from CSP
SaaS- software as a service, on demand software when csp installs and operates on the
cloud
Apache open office is an open source business software suite that has word processor
and spreadsheet, all are FREE
Platform as a service, PaaS is when cloud provider supplies a computer platform like
windows through the internet also programming applications,database and web servers
Final Review
Internet original name Arpanet in 1969 in UCLA
World’s largest network is internet not WEB
Tim Berners Lee invented the web, invented HTML, hypertext markup language which is
a standard language, WEAK
Also invents HTTP to transfer protocol
Client’s make requests that go through routers that go to servers the server fulfils
request making html page sends it back through router to the client and client catches it
with browser
Internet is client server network IP address
URL- uniform resource locator, htt, www is world wide web, yahoo is domain,
Top domains are .com commercial, edu educational, .mil military .gov government .org
organizational .net network. Hyperlink is clickable navigation
Most important aspect of a website is content
THERE IS NO TOP BROWSER
Browser features - cookie is simple text file
Isp is an internet service provider
B2b is business to business
b2C business to consumer (etsy)
C2C is consumer to consumer (ebay)
Two example of business website alternative products web.com and wix.com
The term blog came from web log
Html is represented by elements enclosed by brackets
Java script anf adobe extend a browser's usability
Web styles are static and dynamic
Static- brochecure site, never change
Dynamic website- 2 examples are facebook and reddit
Fat clients are more powerful than thin clients
Fat clients are poorly distributed
Thin clients are way more distributed
None is better, its contextual
What does Mal mean in malware- malicious
Worms do not need to attach themselves to spread
Trojan horse waits for an event
Intranet is part of the internet, to make intranet you need a firewall which is privacy
Firewall- 2 parts ; hardware (proxy server), software (authentication software)
Spyware is installed covertly
Spamming is email
Most wicked virus- Denial of service D-o-S
We do not have privacy
You data mine from a cookie
All letters of SCAM stingy, check, ask and maintain
5 core business functional behaviors- accounting, HR, marketing, R&D and
Accounting is the mathematics of business, GAAP- generally accepted accounting
principle, SOX (soars oxley)
Who deals with firm specific human capital - HR
Who came up with marketing concepts- E. Jerome Mccarthy
Research and development department - creative and systematic approach
production - goods and services, goods= tangible services=intangible
Is info systems one of the core business behaviors NOOO
Information systems provides collaboration between 5 core behaviors
IT provides discussion board, oldest is discussion board, first post is called a thread
Texting is an asynchronous communication
Project management software- microsoft project
Make road maps called Gannp chart
KM system contains collective knowledge, distributing that knowledge is knowledge
transfer
2 kinds of reports
Period reports - you get it 90% of time, most reports are periodic
Demand reports- ad hoc report 10% of time
Low end people are laborers and supervisors, use extremely detailed, tactical
High end are executives, use summarized reports, make strategic decision
Transaction processing system-database software
Common axiom for IT professional is know the business
Value add, value added is added value of a product or service
How many types of IT professionals, 2
Service professional and IP consultant
Highest paid person is CIO chief information officer
Uml has 4 steps, watch for the word blue print, blueprint for a program
Hardest thing to do in IT is modify or change a legacy system
New name for middleware is UX, user experience
Most important file in a database is a table
field= column and row = record
Made with relationship diagram to come up with a schema, most important thing you
can do is ask a question or query it
Sql stands for structured query language
Zach Starts with microsoft word, switches to excel, ends up at access, database goes
bad because of bad filter, filter’s name is complete or incomplete
Cloud is a harddrive or software that exists somewhere else connected by the internet
I stands for internet
Advantages- automatically backup,
disadvantage - unavailable without internet, bad security
CSP- cloud servicr provider icloud,microsoft,open drive
TOS is terms of service
4 parts - Iaas infrastructure as a service, pay as you go model
StaaS (storage as a service)- dropbox
SaaS- software as a service- on demand, gaming
Apache open office is a business software suite
Word - writer
Spreadsheet- calc
Presentation- impress
Database- base
Graphic editor is called draw
